PLA NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS: INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ON THE FINAL PROPERTIE
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PLA NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS: INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ON THE FINAL PROPERTIE
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![PLA NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS:
INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ON THE FINAL PROPERTIES
B. Ruelle2, L. Bonnaud2, Ph. Dubois1,2
1.Center of Innovation and Research in MAterials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons – Belgium
2. Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons - Belgium
ILLUSTRATION OF THE DIFFERENT COMPOSITES
[1] G. Siqueira, J. Bras, et A. Dufresne, “Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications,”
Polymers, vol. 2, n°. 4, p. 728-765, 2010.
[2] A.-L. Goffin, " Polymer bionanocomposites reinforced by functionalized nanoparticles: impact of nanofiller size, nature and
composition", PhD thesis, University of Mons, 2010
MELT
BLENDING
REACTIVE
EXTRUSION
PLA
Keeping in mind environmental problems and the consequence of the fossil resources rarefaction, a new category of materials has been developed
over the last years: the cellulosic bionanocomposites which designate biopolymer combinated with cellulosic nanofillers. Besides the low cost of the
raw material, the use of cellulose nanoparticles as a reinforcing phase in nanocomposites has numerous advantages such as low density, high
availability through the world, high specific properties, reactive surface or biodegradability of the cellulose [1]. However, the cellulose nanoparticles
present also some disadvantages, mainly, high moisture absorption, relative low degradation temperature and incompatibility with hydrophobic
polymers due to strong hydrophilic interactions between nanoparticles.
Polylactide (PLA, Nature Works, Mn=130000g/mol, 4.4%-D) nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanowhiskers extracted from ramie (CNW)
were prepared through different ways and their morphological and mechanical properties were characterized. The different ways of preparation are
melt blending, reactive extrusion, solvent casting, and compatibilization of the cellulose surface with PLA chains grafting [2].
Evidence of the good CNWs dispersion in the
composite filled with CNW-g-PLA
EFFECTS OF PLA GRAFTING ON THE
DISPERSION OF CNWS IN PLA
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
(YOUNG’S MODULUS)
Authors highly thank the « La Wallonie » for the financial support in the frame of the project MODICELL and
Dr K. Xiaoxing, Dr C. Bittencourt and Prof G. Van Tendeloo from EMAT, University of Antwerp for the HR-TEM images.
CIRMAP thanks the Belgian Federal Government Office Policy of Science (SSTC) for general support in the frame of the
PAI-6/27.
Different ways of preparation of PLA filled with 5wt% of CNW have been considered such as melt
blending, reactive extrusion, solvent casting and melt blending using PLA-grafted CNW.
The rigidity and crystallinity remain unmodified. The best dispersion state of CNW is obtained after
addition of PLA grafted NWC as observed macro- and microscopically.
It will be interesting to determine the barrier properties of these highly NWC dispersed materials.
2 cm
1cm
PLA +
5wt% CNW
1 cm
PLA +
5wt% PLA-g-MA +
5wt% CNW
PLA +
5wt% CNW
SOLVENT
CASTING
1 cm
CNW COMPATIBILIZATION:
PLA CHAINS GRAFTING
1 cm
PLA +
CNW-g-PLA
(5wt% CNW)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Young’sModulus(Mpa)
%crystallinity
No effect of CNW (5wt%) introduction
on the rigidity and the crystallinity of PLA
100nm
20nm
100nm
20nm
MELT
BLENDING
CNW COMPATIBILIZATION:
PLA CHAINS GRAFTING
Presence of macroscopic CNW aggregates in every
samples except for composite filled with CNW-g-PLA
Solvent :chloroform
16 hours magnetic stirring
Drying at ambient temperature
Experimental
conditions
Mini-extruder at 165°C
at 100 rpm for 5 minutes
Mini-extruder at 165°C
at 100 rpm for 5 minutes
With addition of 5wt% PLA-MA
Preparation of CNW-g-PLA by ROP of L-Lactide
in toluene with SnOct2 at 80°C for 24h
Precipitation in heptane, drying
Mini-extruder at 165°C
at 100 rpm for 5 minutes
High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy images
EMAT, University of Antwerp](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/posterberu2-171114175256/85/PLA-NANOCOMPOSITES-REINFORCED-BY-CELLULOSE-NANOWHISKERS-INFLUENCE-OF-THE-PREPARATION-ON-THE-FINAL-PROPERTIE-1-320.jpg)
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This study investigated the effect of material chemistry and prolonged setting time on the permanent deformation of light-body elastomeric impression materials after stretching. Specimens of 6 impression materials were either stored for the manufacturer's recommended setting time or 5 minutes before being stretched by 80%. Polyether materials showed significantly higher permanent deformation than vinyl polysiloxane materials. Extending the setting time only improved elastic recovery for polyether materials, not vinyl polysiloxane materials. Increasing the setting time may be necessary for polyether impression materials to improve elastic recovery from deformation.
Rr
This study investigated the effect of material chemistry and prolonged setting time on the permanent deformation of six light-body elastomeric impression materials after stretching. The materials tested were subjected to 80% stretching either after the manufacturer's recommended setting time or after 5 minutes of setting. Polyether materials showed significantly higher permanent deformation than vinyl polysiloxane materials. Extending the setting time reduced permanent deformation for materials with a polyether backbone but not for vinyl polysiloxanes. Increasing the setting time may improve elastic recovery of polyether impression materials.
nanotechnology
This document provides an overview of a themed issue on nanotechnology for emerging applications. It summarizes 7 review articles that cover topics such as the separation and deposition of nanoparticles, enhancing drug solubility through nanonization, controlling nanocrystal synthesis and growth, green approaches to nanomaterials synthesis, determining the structures of complex mesoporous materials, and computational modeling of gas and liquid separations using metal-organic frameworks. The editor concludes that nanotechnology continues to enable cutting-edge research and development across chemical engineering fields.
A045050107
The document summarizes research on copper oxide (CuO) dispersed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer films. Five films were prepared with varying concentrations of CuO nanoparticles (0 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 7.5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The films were characterized through various analyses. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed the inclusion of CuO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix. Optical band gap decreased from 3.47 eV to 1.63 eV with increasing CuO concentration. Photoluminescence spectra showed increased wavelength emission with higher CuO content. Electrical conductivity increased with rising temperature and CuO concentration, indicating improved electronic conduction in the composites.
A045050107
The document summarizes research on copper oxide (CuO) dispersed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer films. Five films were prepared with varying concentrations of CuO nanoparticles (0 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, 7.5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The films were characterized through various analyses. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed the inclusion of CuO nanoparticles in the PVA matrix. Optical band gap decreased from 3.47 eV to 1.63 eV with increasing CuO concentration. Photoluminescence spectra showed increased wavelength emission with higher CuO content. Electrical conductivity increased with temperature and CuO concentration, indicating improved electronic conduction in the composites.
ASS article
This document presents a novel method for quantifying surface modifications of glass fibre-reinforced polyester composites exposed to UV radiation. The method involves staining the composites with methylene blue dye after UV exposure. Colour analysis of digital images of the stained composites is then used to assess degradation, as degradation leads to increased dye adsorption and darker staining. The colour changes correlated well with FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy results. The method is presented as being easier, faster and cheaper than traditional analysis techniques for evaluating UV degradation of such composites.
Lazko biobased waterborne pu - isgc - 2015 vfinal
1) The document describes a study on the synthesis of waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) using bio-based polyols from vegetable oils for coating applications.
2) Two commercially available bio-based polyols, a fully renewable fatty dimer polyol and a partially renewable amorphous polyester polyol, were functionalized with isophorone diisocyanate or dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate in the presence of a ionic chain extender.
3) The functionalized polyols formed stable aqueous dispersions with particle sizes between 60-150 nm and zeta potentials less than -30 mV. Films of the WPUs
cv_lepoitevin
Mathilde LEPOITEVIN is a PhD candidate in physical chemistry at Institut Européen des Membranes, Université Montpellier. Her research focuses on designing single solid-state nanopores for mimicking biological channels and biomacromolecule detection. She has experience in nanopore functionalization, nanoscale biophysics, and nano-electrochemistry. Lepoitevin has authored or co-authored 11 papers and 4 conference proceedings related to her work on nanopores and biomolecule translocation. She is currently working on combining sensing and pH-gated functions in a single nanopore using an avidin-biotin system.
Easy-handling carbon nanotubes decorated poly(arylene ether nitrile).pdf
This document describes the development of a novel carbon nanotube decorated poly(arylene ether nitrile) nanofibrous composite absorbent for efficient removal of methylene blue and congo red dyes. The absorbent was fabricated through decoration of acidified multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto a polydopamine-modified poly(arylene ether nitrile) nanofibrous membrane, followed by co-deposition of tannic acid and carboxylated chitosan. Characterization showed the absorbent had an average pore diameter of 19.21 nm. Adsorption tests found it could achieve maximum capacities of 633 and 589 mg/g for methylene blue and congo red
Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Future Prospective of Cellulose Nano...
The exploration of nanocellulose has been aided by rapid nanotechnology and material
science breakthroughs, resulting in their emergence as desired biomaterials. Nanocellulose has been
thoroughly studied in various disciplines, including renewable energy, electronics, environment,
food production, biomedicine, healthcare, and so on. Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a part of the
organic crystallization of macromolecular compounds found in bacteria’s capsular polysaccharides
and plant fibers. Owing to numerous reactive chemical groups on its surface, physical adsorption,
surface grating, and chemical vapor deposition can all be used to increase its performance, which is
the key reason for its wide range of applications. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have much potential
as suitable matrices and advanced materials, and they have been utilized so far, both in terms of
modifying and inventing uses for them. This work reviews CNC’s synthesis, properties and various
industrial applications. This review has also discussed the widespread applications of CNC as sensor,
acoustic insulator, and fire retardant material.
Nanotech and environment
Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly impact the environment through applications such as water purification, pollution remediation, and green energy technologies. It can remove contaminants from water supplies and air at the nanoscale and help measure and mitigate pollutants. Some examples where nanotechnology is already benefiting the environment include battery recycling, radioactive waste cleanup, oil spill remediation, and desalination. However, nanopollution from nanomaterials production is a potential negative impact that requires further research to understand environmental and health effects. More study is also needed to identify and manage high risk nanomaterials.
Nano clean up
Nanotechnologies show potential for environmental cleanup through remediation of contaminated groundwater and soil. Specifically, injecting nanoparticles containing zero-valent iron (nZVI) underground can degrade pollutants in situ. However, the nZVI used is larger than true nanoparticles and behaves more like environmental colloids than nanoparticles. Its reactivity comes from high surface area rather than nanoscale effects, and it has limited mobility underground of only a few meters. More research is still needed to understand how nZVI transforms over time and impacts the environment.
Materials 11-01228
This document discusses the use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) for water remediation and nanoremediation. While nanoremediation shows promising benefits like lower costs and greater effectiveness compared to conventional methods, there are also environmental risks associated with ENMs that require consideration. The document analyzes these risks, such as increased mobility of ENMs leading to unintended exposure, and transformation of ENMs in natural environments altering their properties. It advocates for an eco-design approach to develop sustainable ENMs from renewable resources for water treatment to improve safety.
CZECH NANO SHOW - Martin Navratil - SYNPO
1. The document discusses nanostructured polymer projects being conducted by the CCNP department, including developing antimicrobial systems for various applications and encapsulating chemically bound biocides in polymer matrices.
2. Research is being done on the antimicrobial activity of polymer nanodispersions against bacteria and fungi. Tests were conducted on fungal mixtures and samples were able to eliminate fungal growth.
3. Other projects discussed include developing antimicrobial paint for metal substrates using an active ion complex, preparing and modifying nanoparticles for various uses, developing carbon nano-structures and hybrid composites, and researching magnetic nanoparticles for medical applications such as cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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The document discusses the use of a dose monitoring system called DOSE for quality assurance and individual patient dosimetry purposes. The system was used for (A) trend analysis of radiation dose over time, (B) understanding clinical protocol usage, (C) comparing average radiation doses to national reference levels, (D) comparing radiation doses between CT devices, and (E) calculating patient-specific radiation doses. The results showed the system could track the effects of dose optimization efforts as mean radiation doses dropped after changes were implemented. It also provided insights into clinical practices and easy comparisons to guidelines.
Bhpa2018 poster e mal v final
This document summarizes a proof-of-concept study that used 3D printing to generate patient-specific electron beam aperture blocks. Traditionally, these blocks are fabricated using Styrofoam molds, but 3D printing provides an alternative approach. The study used electron beam treatment planning data to create 3D-printable molds. These molds were then 3D printed and used to generate aperture blocks. Dosimetric comparisons found over 98% agreement between the 3D printing approach and the conventional Styrofoam method. The study concluded that 3D printing is a viable option for creating patient-specific aperture blocks and provides benefits like standardized workflows and increased quality and safety.
Poster s.beaumont-bhpa2018-v3.0-unprotected
This document discusses dynamic log files produced by linear accelerators (LINACs) used in radiation therapy. It describes what information is contained in log files from different LINAC manufacturers, including jaw positions, leaf positions, monitor units, and angles of rotation. It also addresses criticisms of using log file analysis for quality control, responding that log files can detect sub-millimeter deviations and provide a detailed picture of MLC performance if analyzed properly with daily quality assurance tests.
EFFECT OF METALLIC PHYTATES AS NOVEL AGRO-BASED PHOSPHOROUS FLAME RETARDANT A...
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Phosphorus and nitrogen lignin derivatives for sustainable fire retarded PLA
The document describes characterizations of lignins and PLA composites for flame retardancy. Untreated lignins decreased PLA's thermal stability and increased flammability. Chemically modifying lignins by grafting phosphorus and nitrogen groups improved their flame retardant properties by reducing flammability and the thermo-degrading effect on PLA. PLA composites with the modified lignins maintained thermal stability and achieved a V-0 rating in UL-94 testing, indicating improved flame retardancy over composites with untreated lignins.
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Poster de neef a bio-pol mons 2017
This document discusses using extrusion-calendering and thermo-compression processes to control the crystallization of PVDF/PMMA blends into the polar beta phase for applications in sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. Extrusion-calendering at high cooling rates was found to produce the beta phase with only 5% PMMA content, while thermo-compression at lower cooling rates required 25-30% PMMA. The crystallization behavior was analyzed using flash DSC, FTIR, and WAXS techniques. Tuning the dielectric properties from ferroelectric to relaxor/antiferroelectric behavior may be possible with these processing methods.
Poster jin huang apme17 2nd
This document summarizes research on the organocatalytic copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxetane. Key findings include:
1) A dual catalyst system of iodine and bicyclic guanidine enables the efficient coupling of CO2 and oxetane to produce CO2-based copolymers with high selectivity and molecular weight.
2) It is proposed that the reaction occurs via a two-step mechanism, where TMC is first formed from CO2 and oxetane and then undergoes ring-opening polymerization to incorporate oxetane units.
3) Kinetic studies support the two-step mechanism, showing selective TMC formation initially and
Poster apme 2017 bewi
This document discusses the spontaneous moisture-driven healing of scratches in urea-based polyurethane films. When scratched and exposed to atmospheric humidity, the urea moieties in the film separate due to the scratch but then spontaneously form supramolecular water-urea clusters that bridge the crack. As the water evaporates, this bridges the gap and fully heals the scratch. Repetitive scratch-healing tests showed complete recovery of mechanical properties at different humidity levels without needing external activation. Infrared spectroscopy and other techniques provided evidence that the healing mechanism involves interactions between released urea molecules and water, forming clusters that reconnect the damaged areas.
Lazko cellulose nanocrystal extraction with ionic liquids - poster - biopol...
This document discusses a new method for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using ionic liquids. Specifically:
1. Traditional CNC extraction with sulfuric acid requires large amounts of acid and produces CNCs with residual sulfate groups, lowering thermal stability.
2. This new method uses a two-step process - cellulose is first swollen in an ionic liquid like [BMIM]Cl to increase accessibility, then a controlled hydrolysis extracts CNCs while preserving the cellulose type I structure.
3. CNCs extracted with this ionic liquid method require 60 times less sulfuric acid than traditional methods and have higher thermal stability due to less residual sulfate contamination.
Lazko biobased waterborne polyurethanes for coatings - poster - biopol 2017...
This document summarizes research into developing more sustainable waterborne polyurethane coatings using bio-based materials. It discusses two main strategies - hard segment functionalization and soft segment functionalization. Hard segment functionalization involves incorporating ionic groups directly into the polymer backbone during synthesis. Recent work used dimethylolpropionic acid for this. Soft segment functionalization grafts ionic groups onto bio-based polyols, such as grafting mercaptopropionic acid onto a vegetable oil-based polyol using UV-mediated thiol-ene reactions, making the polyol more hydrophilic and dispersible in water. The functionalized polyol can then be used to synthesize waterborne polyurethanes. The
Biopol poster 2017 (raan)
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Baar poster biopol
The document contains data from experiments measuring binding energy, water contact angle, inhibition efficiency, current density, and other properties across variations in ratios of C10P/BUPA coating materials. Lines and points on graphs indicate changing measurements of potential, P/NiTi ratio, and other variables when exploring different coating formulations and their effectiveness in corrosion inhibition.
2017 apme 4
This document summarizes research into the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic carbonates. The researchers investigated the impact of various experimental parameters on the polymerization, including catalysts, initiators, monomer purity and storage conditions. They found that the choice of catalyst and initiator could impact interactions during polymerization and affect results. Strict anhydrous conditions were required to control the polymerization. Monomer impurities were also found to influence the polymerization. The researchers were able to polymerize the monomers into polyether carbonates with number average molecular weights up to 14,000 g/mol and dispersities below 1.3 under optimized conditions.
2017 imms roli
This document discusses using ion mobility mass spectrometry to quantify linear impurities in cyclic polylactide samples. It finds that the method was unable to accurately determine low levels of linear contamination, as cyclic ions at lower polymerization degrees were less likely to adopt the triply charged state analyzed. This led to an overestimation of linear content. Considering additional charge states or shifting ion conformations may help address this issue in future work. The document introduces the topic, experimental methods, data analysis, results showing inconsistent quantification at different polymerization degrees, and conclusions about limitations and potential improvements.
2017 apme le-me
This document summarizes research on the bulk copolymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by the organocatalyst dibenzoylmethane (DBM), which allows for the metal-free synthesis of random copolyesters. The researchers achieved good control over the ring-opening copolymerization as indicated by linear evolution of molecular weight with conversion, dispersities below 1.5, and NMR data matching theoretical values. Analysis of the purified copolymer showed a random structure with some heterodiads and triads present. Using different initiators produced water-dispersible copolymers or gradient-to-random
2016 suspol andere
This document summarizes research on the copolymerization of ε-caprolactam and L-lactide monomers to produce poly(ester-amide) copolymers. Two organocatalysts were tested: 1-(4-sulfobutyl)−3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate (BAIL) and P4-t-Bu phosphazene superbase (P4). BAIL more effectively catalyzed the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, while P4 worked better for ε-caprolactam. The copolymers were characterized using FTIR, NMR, and conversion measurements to analyze composition and structure.
2017 bpg nide
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2017 apme le-me
This document summarizes research on the bulk copolymerization of L-lactide (LLA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) catalyzed by the organocatalyst dibenzoylmethane (DBM), which allows for the metal-free synthesis of random copolyesters. The researchers achieved good control over the ring-opening copolymerization as indicated by linear increases in molecular weight with conversion and dispersities below 1.5. NMR spectroscopy and thermal analysis confirmed the formation of random copolymers with compositions matching initial monomer feed ratios and a single glass transition temperature. A bifunctional cooperative mechanism is proposed for the DBM-catalyzed copolymer
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Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
PLA NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS: INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ON THE FINAL PROPERTIE
- 1. PLA NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED BY CELLULOSE NANOWHISKERS: INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION ON THE FINAL PROPERTIES B. Ruelle2, L. Bonnaud2, Ph. Dubois1,2 1.Center of Innovation and Research in MAterials & Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons – Belgium 2. Materia Nova Research Center, Parc Initialis, B-7000 Mons - Belgium ILLUSTRATION OF THE DIFFERENT COMPOSITES [1] G. Siqueira, J. Bras, et A. Dufresne, “Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications,” Polymers, vol. 2, n°. 4, p. 728-765, 2010. [2] A.-L. Goffin, " Polymer bionanocomposites reinforced by functionalized nanoparticles: impact of nanofiller size, nature and composition", PhD thesis, University of Mons, 2010 MELT BLENDING REACTIVE EXTRUSION PLA Keeping in mind environmental problems and the consequence of the fossil resources rarefaction, a new category of materials has been developed over the last years: the cellulosic bionanocomposites which designate biopolymer combinated with cellulosic nanofillers. Besides the low cost of the raw material, the use of cellulose nanoparticles as a reinforcing phase in nanocomposites has numerous advantages such as low density, high availability through the world, high specific properties, reactive surface or biodegradability of the cellulose [1]. However, the cellulose nanoparticles present also some disadvantages, mainly, high moisture absorption, relative low degradation temperature and incompatibility with hydrophobic polymers due to strong hydrophilic interactions between nanoparticles. Polylactide (PLA, Nature Works, Mn=130000g/mol, 4.4%-D) nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanowhiskers extracted from ramie (CNW) were prepared through different ways and their morphological and mechanical properties were characterized. The different ways of preparation are melt blending, reactive extrusion, solvent casting, and compatibilization of the cellulose surface with PLA chains grafting [2]. Evidence of the good CNWs dispersion in the composite filled with CNW-g-PLA EFFECTS OF PLA GRAFTING ON THE DISPERSION OF CNWS IN PLA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (YOUNG’S MODULUS) Authors highly thank the « La Wallonie » for the financial support in the frame of the project MODICELL and Dr K. Xiaoxing, Dr C. Bittencourt and Prof G. Van Tendeloo from EMAT, University of Antwerp for the HR-TEM images. CIRMAP thanks the Belgian Federal Government Office Policy of Science (SSTC) for general support in the frame of the PAI-6/27. Different ways of preparation of PLA filled with 5wt% of CNW have been considered such as melt blending, reactive extrusion, solvent casting and melt blending using PLA-grafted CNW. The rigidity and crystallinity remain unmodified. The best dispersion state of CNW is obtained after addition of PLA grafted NWC as observed macro- and microscopically. It will be interesting to determine the barrier properties of these highly NWC dispersed materials. 2 cm 1cm PLA + 5wt% CNW 1 cm PLA + 5wt% PLA-g-MA + 5wt% CNW PLA + 5wt% CNW SOLVENT CASTING 1 cm CNW COMPATIBILIZATION: PLA CHAINS GRAFTING 1 cm PLA + CNW-g-PLA (5wt% CNW) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Young’sModulus(Mpa) %crystallinity No effect of CNW (5wt%) introduction on the rigidity and the crystallinity of PLA 100nm 20nm 100nm 20nm MELT BLENDING CNW COMPATIBILIZATION: PLA CHAINS GRAFTING Presence of macroscopic CNW aggregates in every samples except for composite filled with CNW-g-PLA Solvent :chloroform 16 hours magnetic stirring Drying at ambient temperature Experimental conditions Mini-extruder at 165°C at 100 rpm for 5 minutes Mini-extruder at 165°C at 100 rpm for 5 minutes With addition of 5wt% PLA-MA Preparation of CNW-g-PLA by ROP of L-Lactide in toluene with SnOct2 at 80°C for 24h Precipitation in heptane, drying Mini-extruder at 165°C at 100 rpm for 5 minutes High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy images EMAT, University of Antwerp