PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phen.pdf

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PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os causes when father and mother are heterozygotes. Solution PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os causes when father and mother are heterozygotes..

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Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the .pdf

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In general, though we say that the \"conservation of mass\" holds true, this fact does not appear apparent when looking at a system from a macroscopic viewpoint. In other words, when we weigh the tin can or candle, the masses seem to have changed as a result of the chemical reaction. What\'s going on here? The explanation lies on a more microscopic level: Individual molecules of gas tend to have negligible masses. Therefore, the only weighed objects are the solid ones like the tin can and the candle. However, remember that the reactions involve these molecules of gas, and that these molecules contribute their own mass into the products of the reaction. In the rusting process, the gas molecules add their mass to the tin can and cause it to form rust, which is actually extra solid matter formed by reacting the gas with the tin. This means that the new mass of the rusted tin can comes right from the gas molecules; the opposite kind of process happens with the candle. In fact, if you were hypothetically able to seal the systems in a container with either the rusting tin can and the burning candle with the surrounding air and were somehow able to weigh the air molecules in the sealed system before and after the reaction (which we can\'t realistically do without complicated thermodynamics and surface- substrate adsorption isotherm analysis), you would see that the total mass of each system does not change after the chemical reactions. I\'ll explain the tin can and candle systems in more detail. First of all, when we say \"tin can\", we don\'t mean a can made of the element tin (Sn). A tin can is actually a steel can with iron alloys, just coated with a thin layer of tin to prevent rusting (but the coating can break under mechanical stresses like pressure or temperature, exposing the steel on the inside). Now, after the iron alloys are exposed to oxygen in the surrounding air, oxygen can react with the iron and form solid iron oxides, which are the rust particles we see on the tin can. Therefore, the oxygen contributes its own weight into the system containing the tin can and oxygen. Similarly, the candle is composed of many hydrocarbons such as paraffin (an alkane) that undergo combustion under conditions of high temperature (lighting the candle). When combusting, the hydrocarbons gain enough energy for the oxygen molecules in the surrounding air to break them apart and pull carbons and hydrogens from them, forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O), respectively. Finally, an experiment to show the conservation of mass (because the one I mentioned above is not very realistic): seal oxygen and an iron can (we don\'t want any tin or steel alloys this time) in an air-tight container, and use the density of the air and the volume of the container to find the mass of oxygen. Then, allow the reaction of iron can and air to go to completion, such that all of the reactant oxygen molecules are used up and the mass of the can remains constant over a .

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Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas molecule, so they can\'t be spectators Solution Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas molecule, so they can\'t be spectators.

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Molarity = moll Molar mass of NaOH 39.997 gmol.pdf

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H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = - log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7 Solution H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = - log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7.

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Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in +2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so strong as that of Pb. Solution Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in +2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so strong as that of Pb..

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An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their tendency to repel each other Solution An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their tendency to repel each other.

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ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by meiosis. When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP. Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5- labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non sporulatimg cell). The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3 fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities Because only a small amount of light is emitted, and because each ORF is printed in a tiny spot, the results are greatly magnified and presented on a computer screen. The software converts the Cy5 signal to red on the screen and Cy3 signal to green If an mRNA is more abundant in sporulating cells than in nonsporulating cells, as is the case for the TEP1 gene.This result in a higher ratio red labelled and green labelled cDNA prepared from the two types of cell.. The results are as follow:-expression is induced by sporulation - red spot expression is repressed by sporulation- green spot If gene expressed equal level than it would be yellow spot More than 1,000 yeast genes showed significant changes in mRNA levels during sporulation.About one-half of these genes are transcribed less during sporulation than other times (repressed)-green spot one-half are transcribed more (induced) during sporulation than at other times- red spot Solution ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by meiosis. When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP. Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5- labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non sporulatimg cell). The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3 fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities .

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