Moles of HCl = volume (in L) x concentration of HCl
= 26.75/1000 x 0.232
= 0.006206 moles 6.21 x 10-3 moles
Solution
Moles of HCl = volume (in L) x concentration of HCl
= 26.75/1000 x 0.232
= 0.006206 moles 6.21 x 10-3 moles.
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the .pdfviji4laxmi
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the first engineers were a
class apart in technical skills, true geniuses and self-made. Despite the limitations they faced in
term of education, resources and facilities, they managed to become pioneers of the underlying
technology behind today’s advanced machines. It was their powers of observation, deduction and
will to figure out the scientific nuances of nature that propelled them to achieve what they are
known for today.
Solution
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the first engineers were a
class apart in technical skills, true geniuses and self-made. Despite the limitations they faced in
term of education, resources and facilities, they managed to become pioneers of the underlying
technology behind today’s advanced machines. It was their powers of observation, deduction and
will to figure out the scientific nuances of nature that propelled them to achieve what they are
known for today..
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Diver.pdfviji4laxmi
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Divergent evolution is the
accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.All
are derived from a common ancestral serine protease, and are described as homologous.They
have very strong structural similarity.They use the same mechanism for the cleavage of protein
chains.Some non-mammalian serine proteases have 20-50% sequence identity with mammalian
ones, suggesting a common ancestral protease.
Solution
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Divergent evolution is the
accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.All
are derived from a common ancestral serine protease, and are described as homologous.They
have very strong structural similarity.They use the same mechanism for the cleavage of protein
chains.Some non-mammalian serine proteases have 20-50% sequence identity with mammalian
ones, suggesting a common ancestral protease..
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of.pdfviji4laxmi
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound
to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Type of antigen recognized-foreign antigens that are displayed on the surfaces of the body\'s own
cells. These antigens can derive from pathogens such as viruses or intracellular bacteria, which
replicate within cells, or from pathogens or their products that cells have internalized by
endocytosis from the extracellular fluid.
MHCI-Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
expressed by- platelets in essence all cells but red blood cells
type of antigen recognized-any nucleated cell normally presents cytosolic peptides, mostly self
peptides derived from protein turnover and defective ribosomal products. During viral infection,
intracellular microorganism infection, or cancerous transformation, such proteins degraded in the
proteosome are as well loaded onto MHC class I molecules and displayed on the cell surface.
MHCII-antigen specificity-Helper T lymphocytes
type of cells-antigen presenting cells macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.
cytosolic proteins mostly synthetized by the cell; may also enter from the extracellular medium
via phagosomes type of antigen recognized
Solution
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound
to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Type of antigen recognized-foreign antigens that are displayed on the surfaces of the body\'s own
cells. These antigens can derive from pathogens such as viruses or intracellular bacteria, which
replicate within cells, or from pathogens or their products that cells have internalized by
endocytosis from the extracellular fluid.
MHCI-Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
expressed by- platelets in essence all cells but red blood cells
type of antigen recognized-any nucleated cell normally presents cytosolic peptides, mostly self
peptides derived from protein turnover and defective ribosomal products. During viral infection,
intracellular microorganism infection, or cancerous transformation, such proteins degraded in the
proteosome are as well loaded onto MHC class I molecules and displayed on the cell surface.
MHCII-antigen specificity-Helper T lymphocytes
type of cells-antigen presenting cells macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.
cytosolic proteins mostly synthetized by the cell; may also enter from the extracellular medium
via phagosomes type of antigen recognized.
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.Propane has molecular formu.pdfviji4laxmi
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.
Propane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH3.
Butane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Propane differs from ethane by a CH2 group.
Butane differs from propane by a CH2 group.
2. The expected molecular formula for pentane is: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
This can be deduced from adding a CH2 group to the molecular formula of butane.
Solution
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.
Propane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH3.
Butane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Propane differs from ethane by a CH2 group.
Butane differs from propane by a CH2 group.
2. The expected molecular formula for pentane is: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
This can be deduced from adding a CH2 group to the molecular formula of butane..
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phen.pdfviji4laxmi
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein
we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os
causes when father and mother are heterozygotes.
Solution
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein
we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os
causes when father and mother are heterozygotes..
Paris japonica 150 billion base pairs Caenorhabditis elegans 100.pdfviji4laxmi
Paris japonica: 150 billion base pairs
Caenorhabditis elegans: 100 million base pairs
Mus musculus (house fly): 3,482,010,803
Homo sapiens (Human): 3 billion
Felis catis (cat): 3 billion base pairs
Pan troglodytes(chimpanzee): 3 billion base pairs
Canis lupus familiaris (dog): 2,392,715,236
Haemophilus influenza: 1.8 million base pairs
Xenopus tropicalis: 1.7 billion base pairs
Danio rerio: 1.41 billion base pairs
Methanococcus jannaschii: 1.66 mega base pair
Aedes aegypti: 1376 million base pair
Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress):119,146,348 bp
Drosophila (fruit fly): 120 million base pairs
Plasmodium flaciparum: 24 million DNA base pairs
saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker\'s yeast): 12,495,682
E coli : 4,639,221
Homo neanderthalensis(tool maker): 65,250
Human mitochondria: 16,569
Zika virus: 10.617 base pairs
PhiX174: 5,386
Oryza sativa (rice): 2,853 bp
Picea glauca (white spruce): 109 basepair
Solution
Paris japonica: 150 billion base pairs
Caenorhabditis elegans: 100 million base pairs
Mus musculus (house fly): 3,482,010,803
Homo sapiens (Human): 3 billion
Felis catis (cat): 3 billion base pairs
Pan troglodytes(chimpanzee): 3 billion base pairs
Canis lupus familiaris (dog): 2,392,715,236
Haemophilus influenza: 1.8 million base pairs
Xenopus tropicalis: 1.7 billion base pairs
Danio rerio: 1.41 billion base pairs
Methanococcus jannaschii: 1.66 mega base pair
Aedes aegypti: 1376 million base pair
Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress):119,146,348 bp
Drosophila (fruit fly): 120 million base pairs
Plasmodium flaciparum: 24 million DNA base pairs
saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker\'s yeast): 12,495,682
E coli : 4,639,221
Homo neanderthalensis(tool maker): 65,250
Human mitochondria: 16,569
Zika virus: 10.617 base pairs
PhiX174: 5,386
Oryza sativa (rice): 2,853 bp
Picea glauca (white spruce): 109 basepair.
Meiosis vs MitosisDifferencemeiosismitosisType of Reproducti.pdfviji4laxmi
Meiosis vs Mitosis
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
The recombination or crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis generates variation.
Mendel\'s Law of Independent Assortment statesthat allele pairs separate independently during
the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one
another. Thus to assort independently the genes have to be located on different chromosomes or
be at a great distance so that they are not linked.
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
Solution
Meiosis vs Mitosis
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
The recombination or crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis generates variation.
Mendel\'s Law of Independent Assortment statesthat allele pairs separate independently during
the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one
another. Thus to assort independently the genes have to be located on different chromosomes or
be at a great distance so that they are not linked.
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two.
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the .pdfviji4laxmi
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the first engineers were a
class apart in technical skills, true geniuses and self-made. Despite the limitations they faced in
term of education, resources and facilities, they managed to become pioneers of the underlying
technology behind today’s advanced machines. It was their powers of observation, deduction and
will to figure out the scientific nuances of nature that propelled them to achieve what they are
known for today.
Solution
William Weckenden’s views were in accordance with the fact that the first engineers were a
class apart in technical skills, true geniuses and self-made. Despite the limitations they faced in
term of education, resources and facilities, they managed to become pioneers of the underlying
technology behind today’s advanced machines. It was their powers of observation, deduction and
will to figure out the scientific nuances of nature that propelled them to achieve what they are
known for today..
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Diver.pdfviji4laxmi
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Divergent evolution is the
accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.All
are derived from a common ancestral serine protease, and are described as homologous.They
have very strong structural similarity.They use the same mechanism for the cleavage of protein
chains.Some non-mammalian serine proteases have 20-50% sequence identity with mammalian
ones, suggesting a common ancestral protease.
Solution
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are an example of divergent evolution.Divergent evolution is the
accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.All
are derived from a common ancestral serine protease, and are described as homologous.They
have very strong structural similarity.They use the same mechanism for the cleavage of protein
chains.Some non-mammalian serine proteases have 20-50% sequence identity with mammalian
ones, suggesting a common ancestral protease..
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of.pdfviji4laxmi
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound
to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Type of antigen recognized-foreign antigens that are displayed on the surfaces of the body\'s own
cells. These antigens can derive from pathogens such as viruses or intracellular bacteria, which
replicate within cells, or from pathogens or their products that cells have internalized by
endocytosis from the extracellular fluid.
MHCI-Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
expressed by- platelets in essence all cells but red blood cells
type of antigen recognized-any nucleated cell normally presents cytosolic peptides, mostly self
peptides derived from protein turnover and defective ribosomal products. During viral infection,
intracellular microorganism infection, or cancerous transformation, such proteins degraded in the
proteosome are as well loaded onto MHC class I molecules and displayed on the cell surface.
MHCII-antigen specificity-Helper T lymphocytes
type of cells-antigen presenting cells macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.
cytosolic proteins mostly synthetized by the cell; may also enter from the extracellular medium
via phagosomes type of antigen recognized
Solution
TCR specificity for antigen responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound
to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.
Type of antigen recognized-foreign antigens that are displayed on the surfaces of the body\'s own
cells. These antigens can derive from pathogens such as viruses or intracellular bacteria, which
replicate within cells, or from pathogens or their products that cells have internalized by
endocytosis from the extracellular fluid.
MHCI-Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
expressed by- platelets in essence all cells but red blood cells
type of antigen recognized-any nucleated cell normally presents cytosolic peptides, mostly self
peptides derived from protein turnover and defective ribosomal products. During viral infection,
intracellular microorganism infection, or cancerous transformation, such proteins degraded in the
proteosome are as well loaded onto MHC class I molecules and displayed on the cell surface.
MHCII-antigen specificity-Helper T lymphocytes
type of cells-antigen presenting cells macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.
cytosolic proteins mostly synthetized by the cell; may also enter from the extracellular medium
via phagosomes type of antigen recognized.
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.Propane has molecular formu.pdfviji4laxmi
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.
Propane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH3.
Butane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Propane differs from ethane by a CH2 group.
Butane differs from propane by a CH2 group.
2. The expected molecular formula for pentane is: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
This can be deduced from adding a CH2 group to the molecular formula of butane.
Solution
1. Ethane has molecular formula CH3CH3.
Propane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH3.
Butane has molecular formula CH3CH2CH2CH3.
Propane differs from ethane by a CH2 group.
Butane differs from propane by a CH2 group.
2. The expected molecular formula for pentane is: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3.
This can be deduced from adding a CH2 group to the molecular formula of butane..
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phen.pdfviji4laxmi
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein
we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os
causes when father and mother are heterozygotes.
Solution
PKU is human hereditary disease where the body fails to process phenylalanine found in protein
we intake in our daily food. It is caused by recessive allele of simple Mendelian inheritance. It os
causes when father and mother are heterozygotes..
Paris japonica 150 billion base pairs Caenorhabditis elegans 100.pdfviji4laxmi
Paris japonica: 150 billion base pairs
Caenorhabditis elegans: 100 million base pairs
Mus musculus (house fly): 3,482,010,803
Homo sapiens (Human): 3 billion
Felis catis (cat): 3 billion base pairs
Pan troglodytes(chimpanzee): 3 billion base pairs
Canis lupus familiaris (dog): 2,392,715,236
Haemophilus influenza: 1.8 million base pairs
Xenopus tropicalis: 1.7 billion base pairs
Danio rerio: 1.41 billion base pairs
Methanococcus jannaschii: 1.66 mega base pair
Aedes aegypti: 1376 million base pair
Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress):119,146,348 bp
Drosophila (fruit fly): 120 million base pairs
Plasmodium flaciparum: 24 million DNA base pairs
saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker\'s yeast): 12,495,682
E coli : 4,639,221
Homo neanderthalensis(tool maker): 65,250
Human mitochondria: 16,569
Zika virus: 10.617 base pairs
PhiX174: 5,386
Oryza sativa (rice): 2,853 bp
Picea glauca (white spruce): 109 basepair
Solution
Paris japonica: 150 billion base pairs
Caenorhabditis elegans: 100 million base pairs
Mus musculus (house fly): 3,482,010,803
Homo sapiens (Human): 3 billion
Felis catis (cat): 3 billion base pairs
Pan troglodytes(chimpanzee): 3 billion base pairs
Canis lupus familiaris (dog): 2,392,715,236
Haemophilus influenza: 1.8 million base pairs
Xenopus tropicalis: 1.7 billion base pairs
Danio rerio: 1.41 billion base pairs
Methanococcus jannaschii: 1.66 mega base pair
Aedes aegypti: 1376 million base pair
Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress):119,146,348 bp
Drosophila (fruit fly): 120 million base pairs
Plasmodium flaciparum: 24 million DNA base pairs
saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker\'s yeast): 12,495,682
E coli : 4,639,221
Homo neanderthalensis(tool maker): 65,250
Human mitochondria: 16,569
Zika virus: 10.617 base pairs
PhiX174: 5,386
Oryza sativa (rice): 2,853 bp
Picea glauca (white spruce): 109 basepair.
Meiosis vs MitosisDifferencemeiosismitosisType of Reproducti.pdfviji4laxmi
Meiosis vs Mitosis
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
The recombination or crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis generates variation.
Mendel\'s Law of Independent Assortment statesthat allele pairs separate independently during
the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one
another. Thus to assort independently the genes have to be located on different chromosomes or
be at a great distance so that they are not linked.
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
Solution
Meiosis vs Mitosis
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two
The recombination or crossing over of chromosomes during meiosis generates variation.
Mendel\'s Law of Independent Assortment statesthat allele pairs separate independently during
the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to offspring independently of one
another. Thus to assort independently the genes have to be located on different chromosomes or
be at a great distance so that they are not linked.
Difference
meiosis
mitosis
Type of Reproduction
Asexual
Sexual
Crossing Over
No, crossing over cannot occur.
Yes, crossing over of chromosomes occurs.
Number of Daughter Cells produced
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
Number of cell Divisions
one
two.
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the .pdfviji4laxmi
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the testes of males. The leydig cells
are found between the seminiferous tubules of the testes and secrete testosterone hormone.
Solution
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the testes of males. The leydig cells
are found between the seminiferous tubules of the testes and secrete testosterone hormone..
In general, though we say that the conservation of mass holds tr.pdfviji4laxmi
In general, though we say that the \"conservation of mass\" holds true, this fact does not appear
apparent when looking at a system from a macroscopic viewpoint. In other words, when we
weigh the tin can or candle, the masses seem to have changed as a result of the chemical
reaction. What\'s going on here?
The explanation lies on a more microscopic level:
Individual molecules of gas tend to have negligible masses. Therefore, the only weighed objects
are the solid ones like the tin can and the candle. However, remember that the reactions involve
these molecules of gas, and that these molecules contribute their own mass into the products of
the reaction. In the rusting process, the gas molecules add their mass to the tin can and cause it to
form rust, which is actually extra solid matter formed by reacting the gas with the tin. This
means that the new mass of the rusted tin can comes right from the gas molecules; the opposite
kind of process happens with the candle. In fact, if you were hypothetically able to seal the
systems in a container with either the rusting tin can and the burning candle with the surrounding
air and were somehow able to weigh the air molecules in the sealed system before and after the
reaction (which we can\'t realistically do without complicated thermodynamics and surface-
substrate adsorption isotherm analysis), you would see that the total mass of each system does
not change after the chemical reactions.
I\'ll explain the tin can and candle systems in more detail. First of all, when we say \"tin can\",
we don\'t mean a can made of the element tin (Sn). A tin can is actually a steel can with iron
alloys, just coated with a thin layer of tin to prevent rusting (but the coating can break under
mechanical stresses like pressure or temperature, exposing the steel on the inside). Now, after the
iron alloys are exposed to oxygen in the surrounding air, oxygen can react with the iron and form
solid iron oxides, which are the rust particles we see on the tin can. Therefore, the oxygen
contributes its own weight into the system containing the tin can and oxygen. Similarly, the
candle is composed of many hydrocarbons such as paraffin (an alkane) that undergo combustion
under conditions of high temperature (lighting the candle). When combusting, the hydrocarbons
gain enough energy for the oxygen molecules in the surrounding air to break them apart and pull
carbons and hydrogens from them, forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O),
respectively.
Finally, an experiment to show the conservation of mass (because the one I mentioned above is
not very realistic): seal oxygen and an iron can (we don\'t want any tin or steel alloys this time)
in an air-tight container, and use the density of the air and the volume of the container to find the
mass of oxygen. Then, allow the reaction of iron can and air to go to completion, such that all of
the reactant oxygen molecules are used up and the mass of the can remains constant over a
.
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not i.pdfviji4laxmi
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not in Basic EPS
Solution
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not in Basic EPS.
Nope, these species arent spectators. Spectator.pdfviji4laxmi
Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an
equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen
atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas
molecule, so they can\'t be spectators
Solution
Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an
equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen
atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas
molecule, so they can\'t be spectators.
Molarity = moll Molar mass of NaOH 39.997 gmol.pdfviji4laxmi
Molarity = mol/l Molar mass of NaOH: 39.997 g/mol 40 g / 39.997 g/mol = 1.000
mol 1.000 mol / 2 l = 0.50 M solution of NaOH
Solution
Molarity = mol/l Molar mass of NaOH: 39.997 g/mol 40 g / 39.997 g/mol = 1.000
mol 1.000 mol / 2 l = 0.50 M solution of NaOH.
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it d.pdfviji4laxmi
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = -
log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates
completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7
Solution
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = -
log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates
completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7.
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and.pdfviji4laxmi
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert
pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in
+2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so
strong as that of Pb.
Solution
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert
pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in
+2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so
strong as that of Pb..
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of bot.pdfviji4laxmi
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and
therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the
aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is
held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the
interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot
touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying
agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their
tendency to repel each other
Solution
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and
therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the
aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is
held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the
interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot
touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying
agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their
tendency to repel each other.
AnswerPrimary Key doesnt exist in any relation .If you join any.pdfviji4laxmi
Answer:
Primary Key doesn\'t exist in any relation .If you join any two relations or more than two
relations you may get some extraneous records.
Solution
Answer:
Primary Key doesn\'t exist in any relation .If you join any two relations or more than two
relations you may get some extraneous records..
Answer B The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.The.pdfviji4laxmi
Answer B: The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.
The recessive lethal may encode for recessive or dominant traits, but it fatal only when it is
homozygous.
Solution
Answer B: The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.
The recessive lethal may encode for recessive or dominant traits, but it fatal only when it is
homozygous..
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) f.pdfviji4laxmi
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by
meiosis.
When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the
cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in
the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP.
Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red
light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5-
labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its
emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non
sporulatimg cell).
The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and
printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the
hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3
fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities Because only a small amount of light is
emitted, and because each ORF is printed in a tiny spot, the results are greatly magnified and
presented on a computer screen. The software converts the Cy5 signal to red on the screen and
Cy3 signal to green
If an mRNA is more abundant in sporulating cells than in nonsporulating cells, as is the case for
the TEP1 gene.This result in a higher ratio red labelled and green labelled cDNA prepared from
the two types of cell..
The results are as follow:-expression is induced by sporulation - red spot
expression is repressed by sporulation- green spot
If gene expressed equal level than it would be yellow spot
More than 1,000 yeast genes showed significant changes in mRNA levels during
sporulation.About one-half of these genes are transcribed less during sporulation than other times
(repressed)-green spot
one-half are transcribed more (induced) during sporulation than at other times- red spot
Solution
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by
meiosis.
When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the
cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in
the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP.
Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red
light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5-
labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its
emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non
sporulatimg cell).
The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and
printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the
hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3
fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities .
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction). b. It will sh.pdfviji4laxmi
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction).
b. It will shift to the left (reverse direction).
Solution
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction).
b. It will shift to the left (reverse direction)..
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the .pdfviji4laxmi
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the testes of males. The leydig cells
are found between the seminiferous tubules of the testes and secrete testosterone hormone.
Solution
Leydig cells are the sites where testosterone is synthesized in the testes of males. The leydig cells
are found between the seminiferous tubules of the testes and secrete testosterone hormone..
In general, though we say that the conservation of mass holds tr.pdfviji4laxmi
In general, though we say that the \"conservation of mass\" holds true, this fact does not appear
apparent when looking at a system from a macroscopic viewpoint. In other words, when we
weigh the tin can or candle, the masses seem to have changed as a result of the chemical
reaction. What\'s going on here?
The explanation lies on a more microscopic level:
Individual molecules of gas tend to have negligible masses. Therefore, the only weighed objects
are the solid ones like the tin can and the candle. However, remember that the reactions involve
these molecules of gas, and that these molecules contribute their own mass into the products of
the reaction. In the rusting process, the gas molecules add their mass to the tin can and cause it to
form rust, which is actually extra solid matter formed by reacting the gas with the tin. This
means that the new mass of the rusted tin can comes right from the gas molecules; the opposite
kind of process happens with the candle. In fact, if you were hypothetically able to seal the
systems in a container with either the rusting tin can and the burning candle with the surrounding
air and were somehow able to weigh the air molecules in the sealed system before and after the
reaction (which we can\'t realistically do without complicated thermodynamics and surface-
substrate adsorption isotherm analysis), you would see that the total mass of each system does
not change after the chemical reactions.
I\'ll explain the tin can and candle systems in more detail. First of all, when we say \"tin can\",
we don\'t mean a can made of the element tin (Sn). A tin can is actually a steel can with iron
alloys, just coated with a thin layer of tin to prevent rusting (but the coating can break under
mechanical stresses like pressure or temperature, exposing the steel on the inside). Now, after the
iron alloys are exposed to oxygen in the surrounding air, oxygen can react with the iron and form
solid iron oxides, which are the rust particles we see on the tin can. Therefore, the oxygen
contributes its own weight into the system containing the tin can and oxygen. Similarly, the
candle is composed of many hydrocarbons such as paraffin (an alkane) that undergo combustion
under conditions of high temperature (lighting the candle). When combusting, the hydrocarbons
gain enough energy for the oxygen molecules in the surrounding air to break them apart and pull
carbons and hydrogens from them, forming carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O),
respectively.
Finally, an experiment to show the conservation of mass (because the one I mentioned above is
not very realistic): seal oxygen and an iron can (we don\'t want any tin or steel alloys this time)
in an air-tight container, and use the density of the air and the volume of the container to find the
mass of oxygen. Then, allow the reaction of iron can and air to go to completion, such that all of
the reactant oxygen molecules are used up and the mass of the can remains constant over a
.
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not i.pdfviji4laxmi
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not in Basic EPS
Solution
Convertible debentures are considered in fully diluted EPS but not in Basic EPS.
Nope, these species arent spectators. Spectator.pdfviji4laxmi
Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an
equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen
atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas
molecule, so they can\'t be spectators
Solution
Nope, these species aren\'t spectators. Spectators appear on both sides of an
equation completely unchanged. Even though 2H+(aq) and H2(g) both contain two hydrogen
atoms, those atoms have changed form during the reaction from some aqueous ions to a gas
molecule, so they can\'t be spectators.
Molarity = moll Molar mass of NaOH 39.997 gmol.pdfviji4laxmi
Molarity = mol/l Molar mass of NaOH: 39.997 g/mol 40 g / 39.997 g/mol = 1.000
mol 1.000 mol / 2 l = 0.50 M solution of NaOH
Solution
Molarity = mol/l Molar mass of NaOH: 39.997 g/mol 40 g / 39.997 g/mol = 1.000
mol 1.000 mol / 2 l = 0.50 M solution of NaOH.
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it d.pdfviji4laxmi
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = -
log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates
completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7
Solution
H2SO4 is a strong acid so we can assume that it dissociates completely. pH = -
log[H+] = -log(0.50M) = 0.30 NaOH is a strong acid so we can assume that is dissociates
completely. pH = 14 - (-log[-OH]) = 14 - (-log(0.50M)) = 13.7.
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and.pdfviji4laxmi
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert
pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in
+2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so
strong as that of Pb.
Solution
Descending this group, the +2 OS becomes more and more stable due to the inert
pair effect. Sn and Pb display this effect. i) PbO2 + 4H+ + Sn2+ > Pb2+ + Sn4+ + 2H2O (Pb in
+2 OS is more preferred than Sn2+) ii) Sn2+ +O2 (air) ---> Sn4+ the inert pair effect is not so
strong as that of Pb..
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of bot.pdfviji4laxmi
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and
therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the
aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is
held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the
interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot
touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying
agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their
tendency to repel each other
Solution
An emulsifier is a substance that consists of both polar and nonpolar groups and
therefore is attracted to both phases of the emulsion. The polar groups are pulled toward the
aqueous phase and the nonpolar groups are pulled toward the oil, or fat. The emulsifying agent is
held at the interface of the two phases where it forms a monomolecular layer that coats the
interface and impedes contact between the molecules of the dispersed phase. The droplets cannot
touch each other and coalesce and remain suspended in the continuous phase. The emulsifying
agent also reduces interface tension between the fat and water molecules, thus reducing their
tendency to repel each other.
AnswerPrimary Key doesnt exist in any relation .If you join any.pdfviji4laxmi
Answer:
Primary Key doesn\'t exist in any relation .If you join any two relations or more than two
relations you may get some extraneous records.
Solution
Answer:
Primary Key doesn\'t exist in any relation .If you join any two relations or more than two
relations you may get some extraneous records..
Answer B The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.The.pdfviji4laxmi
Answer B: The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.
The recessive lethal may encode for recessive or dominant traits, but it fatal only when it is
homozygous.
Solution
Answer B: The recessive allele is lethal in a homozygous state.
The recessive lethal may encode for recessive or dominant traits, but it fatal only when it is
homozygous..
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) f.pdfviji4laxmi
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by
meiosis.
When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the
cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in
the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP.
Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red
light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5-
labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its
emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non
sporulatimg cell).
The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and
printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the
hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3
fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities Because only a small amount of light is
emitted, and because each ORF is printed in a tiny spot, the results are greatly magnified and
presented on a computer screen. The software converts the Cy5 signal to red on the screen and
Cy3 signal to green
If an mRNA is more abundant in sporulating cells than in nonsporulating cells, as is the case for
the TEP1 gene.This result in a higher ratio red labelled and green labelled cDNA prepared from
the two types of cell..
The results are as follow:-expression is induced by sporulation - red spot
expression is repressed by sporulation- green spot
If gene expressed equal level than it would be yellow spot
More than 1,000 yeast genes showed significant changes in mRNA levels during
sporulation.About one-half of these genes are transcribed less during sporulation than other times
(repressed)-green spot
one-half are transcribed more (induced) during sporulation than at other times- red spot
Solution
ANS- Yeast sporulation-the pcocess of producing haploid spores (n) from a diploid (2n) cell by
meiosis.
When DNA microarray experiments began more than 1000 genes, we isolate mRNAs from the
cell samples and synthesized fluorescently labeled cDNAs from them by reverse transcription in
the presence of Cy5-labeled dUTP.
Cy5 is a fluorescent dye that can be added to a nucleotide. It emits a specific wavelength of red
light when excited by uv light. .For each time point we hybridized a mixture of experiment Cy5-
labeled cDNAs and reference Cy3-labeled cDNAs to DNA microarrays(we use Cy3 because its
emits light at a slightly different wavelength than does Cy5 and also Cy3 used in non
sporulatimg cell).
The DNA microarrays were made by using PCR to amplify each ORF (open reading frame)and
printing the denatured PCR products onto DNA microarrays.After completing the
hybridization,we scanned the microarrays with a laser detector device to detect the Cy5 and Cy3
fluorescence locations and to quantify their intensities .
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction). b. It will sh.pdfviji4laxmi
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction).
b. It will shift to the left (reverse direction).
Solution
a. It will shift to the right (forward direction).
b. It will shift to the left (reverse direction)..
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Moles of HCl = volume (in L) x concentration of HCl= 26.751000 x .pdf
1. Moles of HCl = volume (in L) x concentration of HCl
= 26.75/1000 x 0.232
= 0.006206 moles 6.21 x 10-3 moles
Solution
Moles of HCl = volume (in L) x concentration of HCl
= 26.75/1000 x 0.232
= 0.006206 moles 6.21 x 10-3 moles