Physics On the Road 2 - Motion Graphs
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This document discusses distance-time and speed-time graphs. It provides examples of plotting these graphs for a race between a hare and tortoise, and data for sprinters and a cheetah hunt. It also includes questions about interpreting a tachograph graph from a truck driver's journey.
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Circular motion involves constant speed but changing direction, so it is accelerated motion. Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity, which is always directed toward the center of the circle during circular motion due to vector subtraction of velocity vectors at different points. This centripetal acceleration must result from a force, known as the centripetal force, which can be caused by tension, friction, or gravity. The formula for centripetal force is F = mv2/r, where m is mass, v is speed, and r is the radius of the circle.
Physics On the Road - Lesson 13
The document discusses energy changes that occur in transport systems like trains and cycling up hills. It explains how gravitational potential energy is gained as an object moves uphill and is converted to kinetic energy as the object moves downhill. The document also discusses how trains can use the kinetic energy gained from moving downhill to power generators and feed electricity back into the grid. Power is defined as the rate of doing work, and examples are provided of calculating work done, energy changes, and power output for trains and cycling up hills.
Physics On the Road-Lesson 13
This document discusses stopping distances for vehicles and the physics behind braking. It contains a table with speed and stopping distance data. It explains that stopping distance has two parts: reaction distance and braking distance. Graphs of these distances against speed are plotted from the data. The document also covers work, kinetic energy, momentum, and their relationship to vehicle braking. In particular, it states that brakes do work by applying a force over distance to transfer the kinetic energy of the vehicle.
Physics On the Road-Lesson 12
This document discusses stopping distances for vehicles and the physics behind braking. It contains a table with speed and stopping distance data. It explains that stopping distance has two parts: reaction distance and braking distance. Graphs of these distances against speed are plotted from the data. The document also covers work, kinetic energy, momentum, and their relationship to vehicle braking. In particular, it states that brakes do work to transfer a vehicle's kinetic energy by applying a force over a braking distance.
Physics On the Road-Lesson 10
This document discusses Isaac Newton's laws of motion and the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. It provides Newton's three laws: 1) an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted upon by a net/unbalanced force, 2) acceleration is produced when a net/unbalanced force acts on an object with the acceleration proportional to the net/unbalanced force and inversely proportional to the mass, and 3) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. It also introduces the formula for calculating force (F=ma) and provides examples of calculating acceleration given mass and applied force.
Physics On the Road - Lesson 11
This document discusses Newton's three main ideas about gravity and motion: (1) the difference between mass and weight, where weight is proportional to mass and depends on gravitational acceleration; (2) the concept of a gravitational field that produces gravitational force; (3) that forces change the velocity of objects, including changing direction but not necessarily speed. It provides examples of how mass and weight differ on Earth versus the Moon, formulas relating weight, mass and acceleration, and how gravitational fields produce acceleration.
Physics On the Road - Lesson 7
1) A policeman used a video camera and radar to claim that a car accelerated from 0 to 90 km/h over 150m in 12 seconds. Using the equations of motion, the calculated acceleration of 2.08 m/s^2 supports that this is possible.
2) The document discusses equations of motion, including definitions of acceleration, velocity, distance, and derivations of the three kinematic equations relating these variables.
3) Examples are given for using the kinematic equations to calculate final velocity, distance travelled, or initial/final velocity given two of acceleration, time, or distance.
Physics on the Road -Lesson 6
This document discusses relative velocity and how to calculate the time until collision between two objects. It provides examples of calculating relative velocity between aircraft for air traffic control and catching a ball. The key points are:
- Relative velocity is found by subtracting the velocity vectors of two objects. This is the same as adding one object's velocity and the opposite of the other's velocity.
- To calculate the time until collision, take the distance between the objects and divide it by their relative approach velocity.
- Predicting collisions involves looking ahead and computing the next move by calculating future relative velocities and positions over time.
Physics On the Road - Lesson 5
This document discusses using a video camera to record motion data as a ball rolls down an inclined track. Key steps include:
1. Using the video playback to measure the ball's displacement over time intervals and record the data in a table.
2. Creating graphs of displacement vs. time and velocity vs. time from the data. The slopes of the graphs can be used to calculate speed, distance, and acceleration.
3. Analyzing the results to determine the acceleration due to gravity and how to improve the experiment in the future.
Physics on the Road - Lesson 4
This document discusses velocity and how to calculate it. It provides examples of:
1) Converting between different units of velocity like km/day, km/hr, km/min, km/s, and km/ms.
2) Calculating the resultant velocity when vectors are added, such as an airplane's velocity in tailwinds, headwinds, and crosswinds.
3) Solving word problems involving velocity and river currents, like calculating how fast a boat travels when crossing a river with a running current.
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👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
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Physics On the Road 2 - Motion Graphs
- 1. Unit 5 – Physics on the Road Lesson 2
- 2. Learning Intentions To be able to plot and interpret distance – time and speed – time graphs
- 3. Distance – time graphs
- 5. Hare tortoise The fable of the hare and tortoise. The race was 500m. The tortoise wins in 10 minutes. The hare rests at the 400m mark. The hare rests for 5 minutes. TASKS Plot a distance time graph for both the hare and tortoise on the same axes. Use your graph to • Calculate the speed of the tortoise. • Calculate the fastest speed of the hare
- 7. Sprinters Take the following text and use it to produce a table of velocity and time. Then plot a velocity time graph and work out the race distance. The winner took 7 seconds to reach her top speed of 10 m/s. She ran at this speed for 10 seconds. She was running at 8 m/s when she finished. Her finishing time was 24 seconds.
- 9. Time (s) Velocity (m/s) 0 0 2 10 4 20 6 20 8 0 Cheetah HuntUse the velocity time data to plot a graph. Mark points of acceleration, deceleration and steady speed. Change the data into a brief description of the hunt. Calculate the acceleration and deceleration of the cheetah.
- 10. Tachograph By law HGV’s must have a tachometer and produce tachographs. This monitors journeys driven in the truck to ensure the driver is acting safely. Q1. What type of graph is a tachograph? Q2. What time did the driver start and end work? Q3. When did the driver have lunch? Q4. What was his top speed? Q5. What was the longest journey he travelled? A) in time B) in distance (estimate both)