Phrasal verbs are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs that create a meaning different from the original verb. Some common phrasal verbs discussed in the document include "get back," "get out," "get down," "get up," "get off," "get in," "get over," "get together," "get through," "get away," "get with," "get to," "get at," and "get on." Examples are provided to illustrate the meaning of each phrasal verb.