This document contains the slides from a presentation given by Harald Zeitlhofer on PHP application performance. Some of the key points discussed include identifying performance bottlenecks like slow database queries, locking issues, large page sizes, and suboptimal server configurations. The presentation emphasizes the importance of monitoring applications end-to-end to quickly detect and diagnose failures. Various tools for testing and monitoring performance are also mentioned.

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PHP#Meetup#Melbourne,#Australia#
April#2014#
Harald#Zeitlhofer#
@HZeitlhofer#
PHP#Applica=on#Performance#

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• Technology#Strategist#at#Dynatrace#
• Database#and#Web#Development#
• PHP#for#more#than#15#years#
• Love#to#discover#new#things#
Harald#Zeitlhofer#

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I’m#from#Austria#

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But#you#probably#
know#that...#

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And#
for#
sure#
you##
know#
that##

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Also#from#Austria#

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You#might#have#heard#of...#

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Applica=on#Performance#

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Failures happen!!
Nobody likes it when …

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Unless you work for
Google or Microsoft !

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… or this …

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.. as it leads to this …

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The#“War#Room”#
#
Facebook#–#December#2012#

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… and potentially to this …

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And this isn’t helping either …

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Yes, failures happen!!
but we can identify
and/or avoid them !

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but#where#should#we#start?#

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and#when#???#
?

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some%use%cases%
and%best%prac/ces%

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Not#following#Web#Performance#Best#Prac=ces# 282!$Objects#
on#that#page#9.68MB#Page#Size#
8.8s$Page#Load#
Time#
Most#objects#are#images#
delivered#from#the##
main#domain#
Very#long#connect#=me#
(1.8s)#to#the#CDN#

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Mobile#Web#Site:#This#SHOULD#NOT#happen!#
434$Resources$in#total#on#that#page:#
230#JPEGs,#75#PNGs,#50#GIFs,#…#
Total#size#of#~#20MB$

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cached#content#
s=ll#creates#roundtrips#!#

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use%proper%caching%
%
pack%JS,%CSS%files%
%
use%sprites%for%images%
%

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frustrated#users#
slow#user#ac=on#
response#=me#

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errors#in#PHP#execu=on#

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less#library#caused#
performance##
hotspot#

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know%your%code%
%
know%your%%
external%libraries%
%

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/katgrp/browse#

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/katgrp/get/$/1626#

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/cave/browse/gis/$/katgrp/1626#

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/cave/browse/gis/$/katgrp/1626#–#applica=on#context#

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Sessions#in#PHP#
• session_start()#locks#the#file#where#session#data#are#stored#
• Released#when#script#ends#
• Use#session_write_close()#to#unlock#the#file#before#execu=ng#slower#code#
• Or#create#your#own##
save#handler#with##
session_set_save_handler()#

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Looks#bener#now…#

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performance#hotspot#
/en/externalprice/#

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response#=me##
hotspot#PHP#

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session#data#locking#
response#=me#hotspot:#
usleep();%

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be%careful%with%locking%
%

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Locking#problem#solved,#but#…#

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/katgrp/browse#server#side#execu=on#
=me#to#check##
the#database#

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From#the#DB#perspec=ve#

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Here#we#go:#

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N+1#Queries#
Metrics:##
##SQL#Execu=ons#/#Request#
##of#“same”#SQL#Execu=ons#

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mind%the%database%!!!%
%

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anything#else#we#can#do?#
what#about##
3rd#party#content?#

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3rd#party#content#

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3rd#party#content#

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watch%external%services%
%
be%aware%there%are%
services%you%%
can't%control%
%

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to#summarize#that#

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PHP#Applica=on#Performance#

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PHP#OpCache#

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PHP#OpCache#disabled#

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PHP#OpCache#enabled#

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huge#number#of#
sta=c#resources#

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Web#Request#handling#

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Web#Request#handling#

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Transac=on#flow#

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Nginx#FastCGI#cache#

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Nginx#FastCGI#cache#

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Full#page#/#data#cache#with#Nginx#and#Memcached#
<?php
...
function __construct () {
$this->c = new Memcached();
$this->c->addServer('localhost',11211);
}
function setCache ($key, $content) {
$this->c->set($key, $content);
}
...
$this->setCache($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], $this->renderPage());
...
$this->setCache('/data/news/getlist', $this->getNewsList());
...
?>

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• ngx_hnp_memcached_module#
Full#page#/#data#cache#with#Nginx#and#Memcached#
server {
location / {
set $memcached_key "$uri";
memcached_pass localhost:11211;
error_page 404 502 504 = @fallback;
}
location @fallback {
proxy_pass http://backend;
}
}

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PHP,#5k#requests,#concurrency#100#
0#
1#
2#
3#
4#
5#
6#
7#
8#
Apache+PHP# Nginx+PHP# Nginx+Memcached#
<?php
echo "Hello World";
?>

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use%right%server%tools%
%
configure%properly%
%

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But still,
failures happen!!
make sure to identify
them as soon as
possible

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EndtTotEnd#Applica=on#Monitoring#

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monitor%all%transac/ons%in%all%channels%

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User#Experience#Management#
locate%regional%performance%issues%

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monitor%your%infrastructure%

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process%monitoring%

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iden/fy%response%/me%hotspots%in%the%backend%

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Applica=on#Performance#

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Performance#Tools#

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• Load#Generator#(Apache#Benchmark,#JMeter)#
• Firebug,#Google#Developer#Tools#
Dynatrace#Ajax#Edi=on#
• Google#PageSpeed#
• Dynatrace#Free#Trial#
• Free#trial#license#for#30#days#
• Free#for#developers#on#local#machine#
My#favorites#
hnp://bit.ly/dnrial#

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www.dynatrace.com#
Thank#you#!!!#
Harald%Zeitlhofer%
Senior#Technology#Strategist#
#HZeitlhofer#
harald.zeitlhofer@dynatrace.com#
hnp://blog.dyntrace.com#