The document provides a lesson on the English vowel sounds [i] and [ɪ]. It introduces the phonetic symbols that represent the vowel sounds in "eat" ([i]) and "it" ([ɪ]). Examples are given to demonstrate the difference between the two sounds. Practice exercises are included for students to transcribe words containing [i] and [ɪ] into phonetic and conventional alphabets. Subsequent lessons introduce additional vowel sounds and provide more practice transcribing words.

1. Lesson 1
[i] and [ɪ]
[i] represents the vowel sound in “eat.”
[ɪ] represents the vowel sound in “it.”
1. [it] represents the word “eat.” 2. [ɪt] represents the word “it.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[si] --- “see” [sɪt ] --- “sit”
[liv] --- “leave” [lɪv] --- “live”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [lɪv] ________________________ 6. [fil] ________________________
2. [liv] ________________________ 7. [bɪn] ________________________
3. [fɪl] ________________________ 8. [kip] ________________________
4. [sɪt] ________________________ 9. [sit] ________________________
5. [mi] ________________________ 10. [wɪl] ________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. he ________________________ 6. if _______________________
2. in ________________________ 7. be _______________________
3. still ________________________ 8. him _______________________
4. seem ________________________ 9. give _______________________
5. week ________________________ 10. least _______________________

2. Lesson 2
[ e ] and [ ɛ ]
[ e ] represents the vowel sound in “late.”
[ ɛ ] represents the vowel sound in “let.”
1. [ let ] represents the word “late.” 2. [ lɛt ] represents the word “let.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ de ] --- “day” [ mɛt ] --- “met”
[ stet ] --- “state” [ lɛs ] --- “less”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ mɛn ] ___________________________ 6. [ wɛl ] __________________________
2. [ men ] ___________________________ 7. [ let ] __________________________
3. [ wet ] ___________________________ 8. [ wɛnt ] __________________________
4. [ lɛt ] ___________________________ 9. [ de ] __________________________
5. [ mek ] ___________________________ 10. [ tɛl ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. said __________________________ 6. left __________________________
2. best __________________________ 7. way __________________________
3. may __________________________ 8. take __________________________
4. get __________________________ 9. came ___________________________
5. same __________________________ 10. end ___________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ lɪv ] __________________________ 5. [ fil ] ___________________________
2. [ fes ] __________________________ 6. [ wɪl ] __________________________
3. [ sɪt ] __________________________ 7. [ gret ] __________________________
4. [ hɛd ] __________________________ 8. [ liv ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. see __________________________ 5. end __________________________
2. in __________________________ 6. seem __________________________
3. name __________________________ 7. met __________________________
4. he __________________________ 8. him __________________________

3. Lesson 3
[ æ ] and [ a ]
[ æ ] represents the vowel sound in “man.”
[ a ] represents the vowel sound in “far.”
1. [ mæn ] represents the word “man.” 2. [ far ] represents the word
“far.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[æsk ] --- “ask” [ hat ] --- “hot”
[ hæt ] --- “hat” [ ar ] --- “are”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ hæt ] ___________________________ 6. [ nat ] __________________________
2. [ hat ] ___________________________ 7. [ æt ] __________________________
3. [an ] ___________________________ 8. [bæk] __________________________
4. [ bæd ] ___________________________ 9. [ stap ] __________________________
5. [ hæv ] ___________________________ 10. [ part ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. had __________________________ 6. ask __________________________
2. got __________________________ 7. clock __________________________
3. man __________________________ 8. past __________________________
4. last __________________________ 9. are ___________________________
5. car __________________________ 10. top ___________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ slip ] __________________________ 5. [ gad ] ___________________________
2. [ blæk ] __________________________ 6. [ ɪf ] ___________________________
3. [ wet] __________________________ 7. [ tɛl ] ___________________________
4.[lézɪ]* __________________________ 8. [ baks ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. me __________________________ 5. ran __________________________
2. fast __________________________ 6. came __________________________
3. get __________________________ 7. on __________________________
4. give __________________________ 8. still __________________________
*In words of more than one syllable, the syllable receiving the strongest stress or accent is marked with [´] over the vowel.
As an alternative, some books use [´] preceding the syllable.

4. Lesson 4
[ ɔ ] and [ o ]
[ ɔ ] represents the vowel sound in “law.”
[ o ] represents the vowel sound in “low.”
1. [ lɔ ] represents the word “law.” 2. [ lo ] represents the word “low.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ fɔl ] --- “fall” [ sno ] --- “snow”
[ wɔk ] --- “walk” [ hom ] --- “home”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ sɔ ] ___________________________ 6. [ kɔt ] __________________________
2. [ so ] ___________________________ 7. [ lo ] __________________________
3. [ lɔ ] ___________________________ 8. [ hop ] __________________________
4. [ bɔt ] ___________________________ 9. [ tɔl ] __________________________
5. [ kot ] ___________________________ 10. [ kold ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. all __________________________ 6. small __________________________
2. no __________________________ 7. own __________________________
3. old __________________________ 8. home __________________________
4. off __________________________ 9. talk ___________________________
5. go __________________________ 10. most ___________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ told ] __________________________ 5. [ nid ] ___________________________
2.[ sɛl ] __________________________ 6. [ kɔl ] ___________________________
3. [bæk] __________________________ 7. [ stet ] ___________________________
4.[ɔ́lso] __________________________ 8. [ klak ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. ate __________________________ 5. law __________________________
2. know __________________________ 6. week __________________________
3. been __________________________ 7. had __________________________
4. not __________________________ 8. fall __________________________

5. Lesson 5
[ ʊ ] and [ u ]
[ ʊ ] represents the vowel sound in “full.”
[ u ] represents the vowel sound in “fool.”
1. [ fʊl ] represents the word “full.” 2. [ ful ] represents the word “fool.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ pʊt ] --- “put” [ tru ] --- “true”
[ lʊk] --- “look” [ nun ] --- “noon”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ fʊt ] ___________________________ 6. [ skul ] __________________________
2. [ fud ] ___________________________ 7. [ pʊl ] __________________________
3. [ rum ] ___________________________ 8. [ kʊd ] __________________________
4. [ gʊd ] ___________________________ 9. [ ful ] __________________________
5. [ fʊl ] ___________________________ 10. [ tʊk ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. would __________________________ 6. group __________________________
2. two __________________________ 7. book __________________________
3. look __________________________ 8. cook __________________________
4. put __________________________ 9. blue __________________________
5. do __________________________ 10. grew __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [me ] __________________________ 5. [ min ] ___________________________
2.[mɛn] __________________________ 6. [ sun ] ___________________________
3.[hu] __________________________ 7. [ sɪns ] ___________________________
4. [mæn] __________________________ 8. [ bʊk ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. call __________________________ 5. moon __________________________
2. wood __________________________ 6. said __________________________
3. own __________________________ 7. full __________________________
4. are __________________________ 8. give __________________________

6. Lesson 6
Review of Ten Vowel Sounds
The IPA symbols for the following ten English vowel sounds have been presented:
[ i ] ---- “eat” [ a ] ---- “far”
[ ɪ ] ---- “it” [ ɔ ] ---- “law”
[ e ] ---- “late” [ o ] ---- “low”
[ ɛ ] ---- “let” [ ʊ ] ---- “full”
[ æ ] ---- “man” [ u ] ---- “fool”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [bæk] ___________________________ 6. [ gɛs ] __________________________
2. [kʊd] ___________________________ 7. [ slip ] __________________________
3. [et] ___________________________ 8. [ skul ] __________________________
4. [stap] ___________________________ 9. [ hom ] __________________________
5. [bɔt] ___________________________ 10. [ lɪv ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. hot __________________________ 6. be __________________________
2. will _________________________ 7. sell __________________________
3. group _________________________ 8. call __________________________
4. own __________________________ 9. ask __________________________
5. name _________________________ 10. took __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [fɔrtín] __________________________ 6. [ kápɪ ] ___________________________
2. [ɪrés] __________________________ 7. [ ɔ́fɪs ] ___________________________
3.[nótbʊk] __________________________ 8. [ hæz ]* ___________________________
4. [gret] __________________________ 9. [ drɛs ] ___________________________
5.[sun] __________________________ 10. [ hæv ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. six __________________________ 6. half __________________________
2. talk __________________________ 7. whole __________________________
3.good __________________________ 8. least __________________________
4. do __________________________ 9. well __________________________
5. place __________________________ 10. box __________________________
*The [z] sound is often indicated by an “s” in conventional spelling: [ɪz] --- “is”; [dez] ---“days.”

7. Lesson 7
[ ə ] and [ ɚ ]
[ ə ] represents the vowel sound in “up.”
[ ɚ ] represents the vowel sound in “her.”
1. [ əp ] represents the word “up.” 2. [ hɚ ] represents the word “her.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ bət ] --- “but” [ wɚ ] --- “were”
[ səm ] --- “some” [ bɚd ] --- “bird”
Practice
ATranscribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [rən] ___________________________ 6. [ gɚl ] __________________________
2.[lɚn] ___________________________ 7. [ kət ] __________________________
3.[wɚk] ___________________________ 8. [ wɚld ] __________________________
4.[kəm] ___________________________ 9. [ ləv ] __________________________
5.[sən] ___________________________ 10. [ hɚd ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. us __________________________ 6. won __________________________
2. turn __________________________ 7. must __________________________
3. from __________________________ 8. hurt __________________________
4. first __________________________ 9. done __________________________
5. world __________________________ 10. were __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[hat] __________________________ 5. [ wɚ ] ___________________________
2.[kət] __________________________ 6. [ wɛl ] ___________________________
3.[gud] __________________________ 7. [ skul ] ___________________________
4.[hæv] __________________________ 8. [ kɔ́fɪ ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. stay __________________________ 5. too __________________________
2.would __________________________ 6. bird __________________________
3.law __________________________ 7. hope __________________________
4.cup __________________________ 8. last __________________________

8. Lesson 8
The Diphthongs [ aɪ ], [ aʊ ], and [ ɔɪ ]
Examples: Examples:
[ maɪt ] --- “might” [ haʊs ] --- “house”
[ saɪd ] --- “side” [ əbáʊt ] --- “about”
3. [ bɔɪ ] represents the word “boy.”
Other examples:
[ vɔɪs ] --- “voice”
[ɪmplɔ́ɪ ] --- “employ”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[maɪ] ___________________________ 6. [ pɔɪnt ] __________________________
2.[haʊ] ___________________________ 7. [ aʊr ] __________________________
3. [nɔɪz] ___________________________ 8. [ naɪt ] __________________________
4.[braʊn] ___________________________ 9. [ haʊs ] __________________________
5.[faɪv] ___________________________ 10. [ taɪm ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. found __________________________ 6. like __________________________
2. boy __________________________ 7. now __________________________
3. by __________________________ 8. count __________________________
4.down __________________________ 9. toy __________________________
5.write __________________________ 10. might __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[bæk] __________________________ 5. [ laɪt ] ___________________________
2.[fil] __________________________ 6. [ ləv ] ___________________________
3.[skul] _________________________ 7. [ bɔɪ ] ___________________________
4.[taʊn] _________________________ 8. [ hɚd ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. small __________________________ 5. out __________________________
2. left __________________________ 6. first __________________________
3. oil __________________________ 7. still __________________________
4. done __________________________ 8. life __________________________

9. Lesson 9
Review of [ ə ], [ ɚ ], and the Diphthongs
with Other Vowel Sounds
Since the last review (lesson 6), the IPA symbols for the following English sounds
have been presented:
[ ə ] ---- “up” [ aʊ ] ---- “now”
[ ɚ ] ---- “her” [ ɔɪ ] ---- “boy”
[ aɪ ] ---- “time”
In the following review exercises these sounds are used whit other vowel sounds in
words of more than one syllable.
Review I
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[kə́ntrɪ] ___________________________ 6. [ naɪntɪ́n ] __________________________
2. [ házɪs ] ___________________________ 7. [ vɔ́ɪsɪz ] __________________________
3. [ ɪmplɔ́ɪ ] ___________________________ 8. [ bɛ́tɚ ] __________________________
4.[fráɪdɪ] ___________________________ 9. [ mə́nɪ ] __________________________
5.[ ɚ́ lɪ ] ___________________________ 10. [ haʊɛ́vɚ ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. myself __________________________ 6. number __________________________
2. noises __________________________ 7. flower __________________________
3. after __________________________ 8. employ __________________________
4. until __________________________ 9. sometimes __________________________
5. about _________________________ 10. later __________________________
Review II
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[tənáɪt] __________________________ 6. [ sə́ndɪ ] ___________________________
2.[əláʊ] __________________________ 7. [ láɪbrɛrɪ ] ___________________________
3.[dɪ́nɚ] __________________________ 8. [ sɪ́stɚ ] ___________________________
4.[bɪháɪnd] _______________________ 9. [ kə́lɚ ] ___________________________
5.[aʊrsɛ́lvz] _________________________ 10. [ pépɚ ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. around __________________________ 6. outside __________________________
2. never __________________________ 7. summer __________________________
3. good-by __________________________ 8. housework __________________________
4. away __________________________ 9. upon __________________________
5. noisy __________________________ 10. over __________________________

10. Lesson 10
[ θ ] and [ ð ]
[ θ ] represents the first consonant sound in “three.”
[ ð ] represents the first consonant sound in “this.”
1. [ θri ] represents the word “three.” 2. [ ðɪs ] represents the word
“this.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ boθ ] --- “both” [ ðæt ] --- “that”
[ θɪn ] --- “thin” [ ðɛn ] --- “then”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[ðɛr] ___________________________ 6. [θɚtín ] __________________________
2.[θɪn] ___________________________ 7. [ðæn ] __________________________
3.[mənθ] ___________________________ 8. [θru] __________________________
4. [ðe] ___________________________ 9. [ðoz ] __________________________
5.[ðɛm] ___________________________ 10. [θɚ́ zdɪ ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. these __________________________ 6. rather __________________________
2. both __________________________ 7. thus __________________________
3. other __________________________ 8. thought __________________________
4. death __________________________ 9. father __________________________
5. though __________________________ 10. bath __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [pə́blɪk ] __________________________ 5. [mə́ndɪ ] ___________________________
2. [ɔlðó] __________________________ 6. [let ] ___________________________
3. [tɛ́ləfon] __________________________ 7. [yunəvɚ́ sətr ] ___________________________
4. [bɚ́ θde] __________________________ 8. [wɪðáʊt ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. summer______________________ 5. then __________________________
2. power _________________________ 6. letter __________________________
3. earth __________________________ 7. put __________________________
4. mother __________________________ 8. turn __________________________

11. Lesson 11
[ ʃ ] and [ ʒ ]
[ ʃ ] represents the first consonant sound in “shoe.”*
[ ʒ ] represents the first consonant sound in “pleasure.”*
1. [ ʃu ] represents the word “shoe.” 2. [ plɛʒɚ ] represents the word
“pleasure.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ ʃi ] --- “she” [vɪ́ʒən] --- “vision”
[ wɪʃ ] --- “wish” [yúʒʊal ] --- “usual”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [ ʃo] ___________________________ 6. [ ʃɪp ] __________________________
2.[néʃən] ___________________________ 7. [ yúʒʊəlɪ ] __________________________
3.[vɪ́ʒən] ___________________________ 8. [ mɛ́ʒɚ ] __________________________
4.[dɪsɪ́ʒən] ___________________________ 9. [ ʃɔrt ] __________________________
5.[sóʃəl] ___________________________ 10. [ əkéʒən ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. she __________________________ 6. dish __________________________
2. vision __________________________ 7. usual __________________________
3. should __________________________ 8. shoe __________________________
4. shall __________________________ 9. wish __________________________
5. garage __________________________ 10. division __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[plez] __________________________ 5. [ spɛ́ʃəl ] ___________________________
2.[ples] __________________________ 6. [ θru ] ___________________________
3.[ǽ kʃən]__________________________ 7. [ ðoz ] ___________________________
4.[mə́ðɚ ] _________________________ 8. [ plɛ́ʒɚ ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. third __________________________ 5. until __________________________
2. number _______________________ 6. Television __________________________
3. fish __________________________ 7. rather __________________________
4. these _______________________ 8. both __________________________
*In some books these sounds are represented by the symbols [s] and [z] respectively

12. Lesson 12
[ tʃ ] and [ dʒ ]
[ tʃ ] represents the first consonant sound in “child.”*
[ dʒ ] represents the first consonant sound in “John.”*
1. [ tʃaɪld ] represents the word “child.” 2. [ dʒan ] represents the word
“John.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ tʃip ] --- “cheap” [ dʒəst ] --- “just”
[ mətʃ ] --- “much” [ lardʒ ] --- “large”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[edʒ] ___________________________ 6. [ pɪ́ktʃɚ ] __________________________
2.[titʃ] __________________________ 7. [ ləntʃ ] __________________________
3.[ɔŕɪndʒ]________________________ 8. [ dʒɛ́nərəl ] __________________________
4.[lardʒ] ___________________________ 9. [ martʃ ] __________________________
5.[tʃɛk] ___________________________ 10. [ dʒan ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. page __________________________ 6. child __________________________
2. major ________________________ 7. each __________________________
3. such __________________________ 8. judge __________________________
4. jump _________________________ 9. watch __________________________
5. change _______________________ 10. job __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[ʃo] __________________________ 5. [ mənθ ] ___________________________
2.[fáðɚ] __________________________ 6. [ néʃən ] ___________________________
3.[tʃip] __________________________ 7. [ kálɪdʒ ] ___________________________
4.[víʒən] ______________________ 8. [ θɚtɪ́n ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. show ______________________ 5. these __________________________
2. just __________________________ 6. church __________________________
3. bath _________________________ 7. thought __________________________
4. other __________________________ 8. garage __________________________
*In some books these sounds are represented by the symbols [c] and [j] respectively

13. Lesson 13
[ ŋ ], [ hw ], and [ j ]
[ ŋ ] represents the final consonant sound in “sing.”
[ hw ] represents the first consonant sound in “when.”
[ j ] represents the first consonant sound in “yes.”
1. [ sɪŋ ] represents the word “sing.” 2. [ hwɛn ] represents the word
“when.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[ θɪŋ ] --- “thing” [ hwaɪ] --- “why”
[ lɔŋ ] --- “long” [ hwɪtʃ ] --- “which”
3. [jɛs] represents the word “yes.” However, in some books the symbol [j] is replaced
by the symbol [y] since this sound is usually represented by the letter “y” in the
conventional alphabet. Other examples:
[ ju ] or [ yu ] --- “you”
[ jɪr ] or [ yɪr ] --- “year”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[lɔŋ] __________________________ 6. [ hwɛn ] __________________________
2.[jɛt] ___________________________ 7. [ hwaɪl ] __________________________
3.[hwɛr]__________________________ 8. [ θɪŋk ] __________________________
4.[góɪŋ] ___________________________ 9. [ mjúzɪk ] __________________________
5.[junáɪtɪd] ___________________________ 10. [ hwɛ́ðɚ ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. why __________________________ 6. yes __________________________
2. thing _________________________ 7. bring __________________________
3. white __________________________ 8. where __________________________
4. you __________________________ 9. doing __________________________
5. having __________________________ 10. young __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[dʒəst] ________________________ 5. [ʃɔrt] ___________________________
2.[bíɪŋ] __________________________ 6. [juz ] ___________________________
3.[júʒʊəl] __________________________ 7. [sətʃ ] ___________________________
4.[hwɪtʃ] __________________________ 8. [ɪ́ŋglɪʃ ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. lunch _________________________ 5. yellow __________________________
2. when _________________________ 6. making __________________________
3. those ________________________ 7. shall __________________________
4. teach __________________________ 8. judge __________________________

14. Lesson 14
Review of consonant sound
The IPA symbols for the following English consonant sounds have been presented:
[ θ ] ---- “three” [ tʃ ] ---- “child”
[ ð ] ---- “this” [ dʒ ] ---- “John”
[ ʃ ] ---- “shoe” [ ŋ ] ---- “sing”
[ ʒ ] ---- “pleasure” [hw] ---- “when”
[ j ] or [ y ] ---- “yes”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[néʃən]__________________________ 6. [ θɪŋk ] __________________________
2.[mjúzɪk] ___________________________ 7. [ dɪsɪ́ʒən ] __________________________
3.[dʒɛ́nərəl]_________________________ 8. [ junáɪtɪd ] __________________________
4.[pɪ́ktʃɚ] __________________________ 9. [ lɔŋ ] __________________________
5.[hwɪtʃ] __________________________ 10. [ kálɪdʒ ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. this __________________________ 6. jump __________________________
2. child __________________________ 7. when __________________________
3. pleasure __________________________ 8. both __________________________
4. yes __________________________ 9. should __________________________
5. meaning __________________________ 10. church __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[hwɛr] __________________________ 5. [ médʒɚ ] ___________________________
2.[jəŋ] __________________________ 6. [ tʃip ] ___________________________
3.[júʒʊəlɪ] __________________________ 7. [ wáʃɪŋtən ]___________________________
4.[ ənə́ðɚ ] __________________________ 8. [ hwɛ́ðɚ ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. why __________________________ 5. yellow __________________________
2. judge __________________________ 6. watch __________________________
3. rather __________________________ 7. wish __________________________
4. thing __________________________ 8. earth __________________________

15. Lesson 15
Syllabic [ ǃ ] and [ n̥ ]
[ ǃ ] represents the final consonant sound in “little.”*
[ n̥ ] represents the final consonant sound in “lesson.”*
1. [ lɪ́tǃ ] represents the word “little.” 2. [lɛ́sn̥] represents the word “lesson.”
Other examples: Other examples:
[trǽ vǃ] --- “travel” [lɪ́sn̥] --- “listen”
[prǽ ktɪkǃ ] --- “practical” [kɚ́ tn̥ ] --- “curtain”
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[ǽ pǃ] ___________________________ 6. [ lɪ́sn̥ ] __________________________
2.[kə́zn̥] ___________________________ 7. [ ǽ nəmǃ ] __________________________
3.[nǽ ʃənǃ] _________________________ 8. [ rí́sn̥t ] __________________________
4.[fáɪnǃ] ___________________________ 9. [ lɛ́sn̥ ] __________________________
5.[prɛ́zn̥t] ___________________________ 10. [ ɪgzǽ mpǃ ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet.
1. garden _______________________ 6. reason __________________________
2. people__________________________ 7. certain __________________________
3. curtain ______________________ 8. local __________________________
4. little _________________________ 9. table __________________________
5. possible __________________________ 10. recent __________________________
*Each of these two sounds is pronounced quickly following another consonant. Some books, however, use the
symbol [ə] between the two consonants. For example, “lesson” is sometimes transcribed as [lɛ́sən] instead of
[lɛ́sn̥ ]; “travel” as [trǽ vəl] instead of [trǽ vǃ].

16. Lesson 16
Variants [ ʌ ], [ ɝ ], and [ ɑ ]
We have already noted that some books use [y] instead of [j], [ən] instead of [n̥], and
[əl instead of [!]. In a similar way, some books use these variants:
[ ʌ ] represents [ ə ] when stressed or accented.
[ ɝ ] represents [ ɚ ] when stressed or accented.
[ ɑ ] represents [ a ] in all cases.
Note the following examples of these variants:
Standard IPA --- As We Have IPA --- With
_Spelling ______Learned It_____ _Variant Symbols_
above [ əbə́v ] [ əbʌ́v ]
worker [ wɚ́ kɚ ] [ wɝkɚ ]
arm [ arm ] [ ɑrm ]
Practice
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1.[mʌ́nɪ] ___________________________ 6. [stɑp ] __________________________
2.[gɝl] ___________________________ 7. [lɝ́ nɪŋ] __________________________
3.[klɑk] __________________________ 8. [dʌz ] __________________________
4.[pʌ́blɪk] _________________________ 9. [ fɝst ] __________________________
5.[nɑt] ___________________________ 10. [ənʌ́f ] __________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet. Use the variants.
1. work __________________________ 6. word __________________________
2. come _________________________ 7. got __________________________
3. not __________________________ 8. one __________________________
4. brother __________________________ 9. heard __________________________
5. on __________________________ 10. bird __________________________
Review
A. Transcribe these words into the conventional alphabet.
1. [kʌ́zn̥]__________________________ 5. [nǽ ʃənǃ ] ___________________________
2.[ɝ́ lɪ] __________________________ 6. [sʌ́mɚ ] ___________________________
3.[rɪ́zn̥] __________________________ 7. [kɝ́ tn̥ ] ___________________________
4.[fɑ́ðɚ] __________________________ 8. [prɛ́zn̥t ] ___________________________
B. Transcribe these words into the phonetic alphabet. Use the variants where appropriate.
1. curtain _______________________ 5. car __________________________
2. possible ______________________ 6. recent __________________________
3. final _________________________ 7. were __________________________
4. nothing _______________________ 8. certain __________________________

17. Lesson 17
Pronouncing Unfamiliar Words
This isthe final lesson onthe symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. From this time
on, the student will be able to consult a dictionary employing IPA transcriptions to find the
pronunciation of unfamiliar words which he encounters in his reading.
In future classes students may be requested to bring their dictionaries in order to do some
practice workfindingthe transcriptionsof standardpronunciationsof unfamiliar words which the
instructor will write on the blackboard.
Reading practice
Let us suppose that you are in doubt concerning the pronunciation of the following words.
Practice pronouncingeachone aloudcorrectly according to the IPA transcription (given here as it
appears in Kenyon and Knott´s A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English).
1. amylolysis --- [ æmɪlɑ́ləsɪs ]
2. butyric --- [ bjutɪ́rɪk ]
3. cachexia --- [ kəkɛ́ksɪə ]
4. chimaera --- [ kaɪmɪ́rə ]
5. congener --- [ kɑ́ndʒɪnɚ ]
6. duodenum --- [ djuədínəm ]
7. formidable --- [ fɔ́rmɪdəbǃ ]
8. gynecologist --- [ dʒaɪnɪkɑ́lədʒɪst ]
9. lacteal --- [ lǽ ktɪəl ]
10. pedagogy --- [ pɛ́dəgɑdʒɪ ]
11. pharyngeal --- [ fərɪ́ndʒɪəl ]
12. prosody --- [ prɑ́sədɪ ]
http://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=will
http://www.photransedit.com/Online/TypeIPA.aspx