This document discusses the philosophical presuppositions of guidance in the Philippines and how they relate to education. It notes that Philippine culture has been influenced by Eastern and Western religions and philosophies. Key beliefs discussed include Christianity, Buddhism, and Islam. The document also discusses the basic assumptions of guidance in the Philippines, including that guidance aims to help students manage their own activities and develop their own views rather than having decisions imposed on them. It outlines the nature and types of guidance provided to students, such as helping them choose careers and develop leadership skills.

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Philosophical Pre-
suppositions of Guidance
in Philippines relevant to
Education and School
Guidance and Counseling.

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Introduction:
● The Philippines, although young as a republic,
has a long history.
● Its culture is laden with several layers of
Eastern and Western influences.
● Although located in Asia, home to the worlds
greatest religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism,
Mohammedanism, Shintoism and Confucianism, it has
become and remained Asias only Christian
country. This is partly because of its
geographical location and of its core religion
which is animism.

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● Rediscovered by its colonizers not as a nation
but as composed of different groups of people
tracing their roots from the barangay, in essence
small independent family units.
● The people bowed to the cultural and other
influences of those who visited its shores and of
those who stayed to dominate it and yet
preserved its own indigenous cultural artifacts.

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Bases for Philosophical Assumptions in the Philippines (Axel, 1993,
as cited by Wehrly, 1994)
Key Beliefs or Ethical Life Philosophy
Christianity
Gods’ love for all creatures is a basic belief. Salvation (saving from sin or
resurrection from death) is gained by those who have faith and show
humility towards God. Brotherly love is emphasized in acts of charity,
kindness, and forgiveness. Jesus teachings insist on justice and mercy
towards all people.

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● Buddhism
attempts to deal with problems of human existence such as
suffering and death. Understanding the cause of all human
suffering and misery as due to desire, and the ultimate
transcendence of all desires, leads to nirvana(blowing out), a
state of happiness, peace and love.
● Islam
God is just and merciful humans are limited and sinful. God
rewards the good and punishes the sinful. Mohammed (S.A.W),
through the Qur’an, guides and teaches people truth. Peace is
gained through submission to Allah. The sinless go to Paradise
and the evil go to Hell.

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● The Filipino counselor may or may not be
conscious of it but it is possible that his or
her philosophical presuppositions are anchored in
his or her religion or belief system, hence, the
incongruity of what guidance counselors claim to
be their philosophy (rooted in the West) and
their identified focal points and goals in
counseling.
● Western philosophy emphasizes the individual
while Filipino philosophy emphasizes the communal.
*Communal-relating to or based on racial or cultural groups

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What are the Basic Assumptions of Guidance , Nature and
Type given to students?
● To understand guidance it is better to ‘contrast it with what is not
guidance.
● According to Crow and Crow “Guidance is not giving direction, it is
not the imposition of one person’s point of view upon another person.
It is not making decision for an individual which he should make for
himself. It is not carrying the burden of another life.
● Crow and Crow observes that guidance is an assistance made
available by a qualified and adequately trained person to another
person to help him to manage his own activities, develop his own
point of view, and make his own decision.

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An analysis of this definition indicates that the concept of guidance
includes several significant characteristics.
Some important characteristics are as under:
1. Guidance is a continuous process.
2. It leads to self development and self direction.
3. It focuses attention on individual.
4. It is an assistance rather than direction imposition or
compulsion.
5. It is given by technically and professionally trained persons

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Basic Assumptions of Guidance:
The development and implementation of guidance services is
based on certain underlying assumptions and basic principles.
Author J. Jones discussed seven basic assumptions as under:
1. Race, colour and sex have little as no relation to aptitude and
abilities.

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2. Many crises cannot be successfully met by student without
assistance.
3. The school is in a strategic position to give the assistance
needed.
4. Guidance is not prescriptive instead at progressive ability for
self guidance.
5. Variations within the individual are significant.
6. Abilities already existing in individual are not usually
specialized.

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Nature and Types and Guidance:
The ways in which the guidance practitioners help students are
as under:
1. Professionals help students to seek the information needed to
make decisions and choose the best alternative out of various
choices.
2. Assisting them to secure adequate information and develop
techniques that will enable them to develop desirable
information as and when they need it.
3. Assisting in choosing an appropriate vocation.

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4. They provide tryout and exploratory experience.
5. Assisting them to develop desirable attitude, interest and
ideals.
6. In carrying students to follow a balanced programme of
physical activities.
7. Assisting students in making effective use of their study time.
8. Helping students in developing leadership qualities.
9. Assisting them in becoming progressively responsible for their
own development.
10. Assisting students in attaining emotional stability.

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Thank you
for listening!