Course Handbook Outline for Pgy 2020

1. University of Zambia
School of Medicine
Department of Pharmacy
Terms I – 4
Period: 2015/2016
PGY 2020 / PMY 2040 Course Syllabus
Course Information
Course Title PHYSIOLOGY (Normal and Disorders)
Course Code PGY 2020
Prerequisites Mathematics, Chemistry, Physics and Biology from School of Natural Sciences, UNZA*
Course Website TBS (To be sourced)
Course Coordinator ??
Total Teaching Hours 120 Hours
Total Contact Hours for Lab /
Clinical/Tutorials / Workshops
Sessions
120 Hours
Course Description - Physiology is the scientific study of the normal function in living systems.
- A sub-discipline of biology, its focus is in how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and
bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.
- Given the size of the field it is divided into, among others, animal physiology (including that
of human), plant physiology, cellular physiology, microbial physiology, bacterial physiology,
and viral physiology.
- In medicine and other health professions including pharmacy, a physiological state is one
occurring from normal body function, rather than pathophysiological, which is centered on
the abnormalities that occur in animal diseases, including humans.
The course enables the undergraduate student to have an understanding of structure and
function of cells, physiology of nerve and muscle, synaptic and functional transmission and
function of blood and lymph and many others.
- Furthermore, it enables students to understand the normal functioning of all the body systems
in comparison to abnormal conditions.
A. ………..Credit Units
B. AIM: To equip the student with the knowledge of the normal systemic physiology and be able to describe and relate the corresponding
patho-physiology aspects.
C. The OBJECTIVES of the course are to:
i. Describe the physiological arrangements and functions of the body systems as outlined in each respective sub-section.
ii. Describe both physiological and pathophysiology processes of body systems as outlined in each respective sub-section.
iii. Identify and explain the processes and factors that have direct or indirect effects on the physiological systems of functioning
body system.

2. TEXTBOOKS
1. Book Title Essentials of Human Physiology for Pharmacy
Author(s) Laurie Kelly
Publisher CRC Press pharmacy education
Year 2005
Edition Series
ISBN 1-56676-997-3 (alk. paper)
2. Book Title Essentials of Pathophysiology for Pharmacy
Editors Martin M. Zdanowicz
Publisher CRC Press pharmacy education
Year 2003
Edition Series
ISBN 1-58716-036-6 (alk. paper)
3. Book Title BRS - Physiology
Editors Linda S. Costanzo
Publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Year 2011`
Edition 5th
Edition
ISBN 978-0-7817-9876-1 (alk. paper)
4. Book Title Rapid Review - Physiology
Authors Thomas A. Brown
Publisher ELSEVIER MOSBY
Year 2012
Edition 2nd
Edition
ISBN 978-0-323-07260-1
5. Book Title Human Physiology
Author Stuart Ira Fox
Publisher McGraw-Hill
Year 2011
Edition 12th
Edition
ISBN 978–0–07–337811–4
Other references 6. Human Physiology. Wikibooks contributors (2007)
7. Principles of Physiology. Berne RM, Levy MN (2000). 3rd
Ed. Mosby, St Louis.
8. Human Physiology: The Mechanism of Body Function. The McGraw−Hill Companies (2001),
8th
Edition, Vander et al.
9. Human Anatomy and Physiology, Kent M. Van De Graaff et al (2010), 3rd
Edition, ISBN: 978-0-
07-162331-5
10. Textbook of Medical Physiology Guyton AC, Hall JE (2000). 10th
Ed. WB Saunders,
Philadelphia.
11. Color Atlas of Physiology, 2003
12. Clinical Physiology, 2005
Assessment
Assessment Due Date Percentage
Test 1 08/12/2016 15%
Test 2 20/04/2016 15%
Assignments TBC 5%
Laboratory Reports TBA 5%
Course Competences
THE EXPECTED COMPETENCES ARE:
i. Able to describe the physiological arrangements and functions of the body systems as outlined in each respective sub-
section.
ii. Able to describe both physiological and pathophysiology processes of body systems as outlined in each respective sub-
section.
iii. Identify and explain the process and factors that have directly or indirectly effects on the physiological systems of the
functioning body system.

3. Teaching & Learning Methods
1. Class lectures and lecture notes are designed to achieve the course objectives.
2. Students should read the assigned topics from recommended textbooks before class and participate in class.
3. Students should ask questions - Ask lots of questions.
4. Tutorials will be conducted to encourage discussions and further understanding of material taught in lectures.
5. Students are expected to have answers to tutorial questions for them to be allowed to attend.
6. Students are expected to attend ALL lectures. Students with less than 85% attendance will not be allowed to write end of year
examinations*
7. Students should undertake ALL laboratory practicals
8. You are responsible for all material covered in this course.
9. Please communicate any concerns or issues either in class, or during the tutorials
COURSE CONTENT
UNIT
TOPICS
TIME
(hours)
REFERENCE
1. Cell Physiology &
Pathophysiology
- Cell Membranes
- Transport Across Cell Membranes
- Osmosis
- Diffusion Potential, Resting Membrane Potential,
and Action Potential
- Neuromuscular and Synaptic Transmission
- Skeletal Muscle
- Smooth Muscle
- Comparison of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle,
and Cardiac Muscle
Pathophysiology
- Cellular injury
- Hypoxia
- Infections
- Hypersensitivity
- Chemical agents, physical agents, and nutritional
imbalances
- Manifestations of cellular injury
- Cell death
- Tissue repair
10
1: Chapter 1
2: Chapter 1,2
2. Physiology and the concept of
homeostasis & its disorders
- Introduction
- Homeostasis
- Negative feedback
Pathophysiology
- Genetic defects
- Autoimmune defects
- Thrombocytopenia
- Acquired deficiencies
- Drug-induced alterations
- Other health relevant conditions
10
1: Chapter 1
2: Chapter 3
3. Physiology of Plasma membrane
& its Disorders
- Introduction
- Structure and function of plasma membrane
- Membrane transport
- Passive diffusion through the membrane
- Osmosis
- Mediated transport
- Development of resting membrane potential
-
10
1: Chapter 2
2: Chapter 1
4. Electrical signals and disorders - Introduction
- Graded potentials
- Action potentials
- Conduction of the action potential
- Chemical synapses
- Summation
- Interconnections between neurons
- Factors affecting synaptic transmission
-
10
1: Chapter 2
2: Chapter 3,4,8
5. Neurophysiology &
Pathophysiology
- Autonomic Nervous System
- Sensory Systems
- Motor Systems
Pathophysiology
- Higher Functions of the Cerebral Cortex
- Blood–Brain Barrier and Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Temperature Regulation
- Otosclerosis
- Neuropathy
- Neurosis
- Myasthenia gravis
- Alcoholism
- Alexia
- Alzheimer's disease
- Aneurysm
- Cephalic disorder
10
1: Chapter 2
2: Chapter 3,4,8

4. - Cerebral aneurysm
- Cerebral arteriosclerosis
- Cerebral atrophy
- Coma
- Dementia
- Dermatomyositis
- Developmental coordination disorder
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Diffuse sclerosis
6. Cardiovascular Physiology &
Pathophysiology
- Circuitry of the Cardiovascular System
- Hemodynamics
- Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Cardiac Muscle and Cardiac Output
- Cardiac Cycle
- Regulation of Arterial Pressure
- Microcirculation and Lymph
- Special Circulations
- Integrative Functions of the Cardiovascular
System: Gravity, Exercise, and Hemorrhage
Pathophysiology
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Heart failure
- Circulatory shock
- Myocardial infarction
- Myocardial ischemia
- Disorders of the pericardium
- Diseases of the myocardium
- Disorders of the endocardium and heart valves
- Congenital heart defects
- Arterial disease
- Disease of the veins
- Blood Pressure
- Hematopoiesis
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
10
1: Chapter 13
2: Chapters 7 - 13
7. Respiratory Physiology &
Pathophysiology
- Lung Volumes and Capacities
- Mechanics of Breathing
- Gas Exchange
- Oxygen Transport
- CO2 Transport
- Pulmonary Circulation
- V/Q Defects
- Control of Breathing
- Integrated Responses of the Respiratory System
Pathophysiology
- The common cold
- Influenza
- Pneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Obstructive respiratory disorders
- Restrictive pulmonary disorders
- Respiratory failure
10 1: Chapter 17
2: Chapter 14
8. Renal and acid–base Physiology
& Pathophysiology
- Body Fluids
- Renal Clearance, Renal Blood Flow, and
Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Reabsorption and Secretion
- NaCl Regulation
- K-
Regulation
- Renal Regulation of Urea, Phosphate, Calcium,
and Magnesium
- Concentration and Dilution of Urine
- Renal Hormones
- Acid–Base Balance
Pathophysiology
- Diuretics
- Integrative Examples
- Glomerulonephritis
- Urinary tract infections
- Renal calculi
- Renal tumors
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Renal failure
- Urine reflux
- Neurogenic bladder
10
1: Chapter 19
2: Chapter 15
9. Gastrointestinal Physiology &
Pathophysiology
- Structure and Innervation of the Gastrointestinal
Tract
- Regulatory Substances in the Gastrointestinal
Tract
- Gastrointestinal Motility
- Gastrointestinal Secretion

5. - Digestion and Absorption
- Liver Physiology
Pathophysiology
- Dysphagia
- Achalasia
- Esophageal diverticulum
- Gastroesophageal reflux disorder
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcers
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Disorders of the gall bladder
- Diverticular disease
- Colorectal cancer
10
1: Chapter 18
2: Chapter 16
10. Endocrine Physiology &
Pathophysiology
- Overview of Hormones
- Cell Mechanisms and Second Messengers
- Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
- Thyroid Gland
- Adrenal Cortex and Adrenal Medulla
- Endocrine Pancreas—Glucagon and Insulin
- Calcium Metabolism (Parathyroid Hormone,
Vitamin D, Calcitonin)
- Sexual Differentiation
- Male Reproduction
- Female Reproduction
Pathophysiology
- Viral hepatitis
- Cirrhosis
- Liver cancer
- Pancreatitis
- Hypopituitarism
- Alterations of growth hormone secretion
- Syndrome of inappropriate ADH
- Diabetes insipidus
- Alteration of thyroid function
- Disorders of the adrenal glands
- Disorders of the adrenal medulla
10 1: Chapter 10
2: Chapter 17-19
Additional Notes
Examination
Format
Two papers: Paper I and Paper II: Exact format TBC to students at least 14 days before the date of
Examination
Supplementary
Exams
TBA by senate: Format will be similar to that of the main examination
Estimated end
Date
Lectures to end as soon as study period begins
Cheating /
Unusual activities
The University Zambia Policy on this issue, please read
Attendance 100% attendance in all activities is expected.
Continuous
Assessment [CA]
Please take CA very serious. Students with no CA will not be allowed to sit for final examinations