This document presents information about pesticides, including their types, applications, and guidance for safe use. It defines pesticides as substances used to control pests like insects, plants, fungi, and weeds. The main types discussed are insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, and fungicides. The document also outlines environmental and health considerations of pesticide use and provides guidance on proper selection, application, storage, and regulatory compliance to minimize risks.

1. Presented by
NAME: ATTA UR REHMAN
SESSION: Spring 2023 (4th)
BS CHEMISTRY BATCH FALL 2021
SUBJECT: BIOCHEMISY
TOPIC: PESTICIDES,TYPES,APPLICATIONS AND
GUIDANCE
PRESENTED TO: Prof. Dr. HAMID ULLAH
DATE: 06/06/2023

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction to Pesticides
• Types Of Pesticides
• Environmental considerations
• Health Impacts
• Guidance
• References

4. PESTICIDES
A pesticides are any substances or mixture of substances
intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating pests.
A pesticide is any chemical substance which is used by man to
control pests.
In general a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent such as a
Virus, bacterium, antimicrobial or disinfectants that deters,
incapacitates or kills the pests.

5. Pesticides
The pest may be insects , plants disease, fungi, weeds, nematodes,
snails, slugs etc.
The use of pesticide is so common that the term pesticide is
often treated as synonymous with plants protection product.
It is commonly used to eliminate or control a variety of
agricultural pests that can demage crops and livestock and reduce
farm productivity.

6. Types of pesticides
Pesticide active ingredients are described by the types of pests they control
or how they work.
People often use the term "pesticide" to refer only to insecticides, but it
actually applies to all the substances used to control pests.
Well known pesticides (terms defined below) include:
o Insecticides,
o herbicides,
o Rodenticides, and fungicides.

7. INSECTICIDES
• Insecticides are agents of chemical or biological origin that
control insects.
• Insecticides may be natural or manmade and are applied to target
pests in a myriad of formulations and delivery systems (sprays,
baits, slow-release diffusion, etc.).

8. Insects

9. INSECTICIDES
Systematic insecticides may be absorbed, injected,
or fed into the plant and animal to be protected.
When the insects feeds on this pant or animal, it
ingest the systematic chemical and is killed. Insecticides

10. Herbicides
Herbicides are chemicals used to manipulate or control undesirable
vegetation.
They are used to kill or slow the growth of some plants rather
than to protect them.
Herbicide application occurs most frequently in row-crop farming,
where they are applied before or during planting to maximize crop
productivity by minimizing other vegetation.

11. Weeds

12. Herbicides
• Herbicides are of following types.

13. Rodenticides

14. Rodenticides
Rodenticides are the chemicals used to control rat mice bats and
other rodents.
Rodents include not only rats and mice, but also squirrels,
woodchucks, chipmunks, porcupines, nutria, and beavers.
Although rodents play important roles in nature, they may
sometimes require control.

15. Rodents

16. Fungicides
• Fungicides are pesticides that kill or prevent the growth of fungi
and their spores.
• Fungicides are biocidal chemical compounds or biological
organisms used to kill parasitic fungi or their spores.
• A fungistatic inhibits their growth. Fungi can cause serious
damage in agriculture, resulting in critical losses of yield, quality,
and profit..

17. Fungi

18. Environmental and Health Consideration
• Water Contamination: Pesticides can enter water bodies through runoff or
leaching, leading to water contamination. This can harm aquatic ecosystems.
• Soil Health: Pesticides can affect soil quality and disrupt the balance of
beneficial soil organisms, which play vital roles in nutrient cycling and
maintaining soil fertility.
• Non-Target Organisms: Pesticides may unintentionally harm beneficial
insects, birds, and other wildlife when they come into contact with or
consume contaminated food sources.

19. Cont…
• Biodiversity Impact: The use of certain pesticides can contribute to the
decline of pollinators such as bees and butterflies, which are essential for the
reproduction of many plant species and the maintenance of biodiversity.

20. Health Impacts
• Acute Toxicity: Some pesticides can cause immediate adverse health effects
in humans, such as skin and eye irritation, respiratory problems, nausea, and,
in severe cases, acute poisoning.
• Chronic Health Effects: Prolonged exposure to pesticides, either through
occupational exposure or ingestion of contaminated food, can increase the
risk of chronic health issues, including certain types of cancer, neurological
disorders, reproductive problems, and developmental abnormalities.

21. Cont…
• Occupational Risks: Agricultural workers, pesticide applicators, and
individuals handling pesticides are at risk of direct exposure, requiring proper
training, adherence to safety guidelines, and use of personal protective
equipment to minimize occupational health risks.

22. Guidance
• Read and Follow Label Instructions:
• Select the Right Pesticide
• Timing and Application:
• Use Proper Equipment
• Storage and Disposal
• Minimize Environmental Impact

23. Cont.…
• Record Keeping
• Training and Certification
• Follow Local Regulations

24. ANY QUESTION