China has a population of over 1.3 billion people and a GDP of $11.3 trillion, making it the world's second largest economy. It has a single-party communist government and a growing but still developing economy focused on exports, with low labor costs and high growth rates. Culturally, China has a diverse population with the majority practicing Buddhism, Taoism or Chinese folk religions. Environmentally, China faces challenges of water shortage, pollution from coal use, and natural disasters. Technologically, China has made large investments in infrastructure like high-speed rail and supercomputing and has the world's largest number of internet and mobile phone users.

1. PESTLE ANALYSIS OF CHINA
Noman Ghalib
Azam Jahangir

2. Introduction
 Capital:- Beijing
 World's second-largest country by land area,and the third- or fourth-largest
in total area.
 Area:
14,500 kilometres
 Population:(over 1.3 billion)
 Currency: 1 chine's Yuan = 15.80 Pakistani rupees

3. Political factors
 Government type:
Nominally Marxist–Leninist single-party state. The People's Republic of China
is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China.
• tariffs are high, but on decreasing slope.
• stable political environment

4. Economic factors
 GDP:- $11.316 trillion
 GDP growth:- 9.5%
 Per capita:- $8,394
 Unemployment Rate:- 6.1%
 Inflation rate:- 3.2%
 Population below poverty line 10%
 Tax rate for foreign investments 30% national & 3% local rate for production business
and 20% for others(interest, rent, license, utilization)
 Current account balance : $296.2billion (2009) world’s largest
 Reserves of foreign exchange :$2.206 trillion (2009)

5. Economic Factors
 Labor force: 815.3 million (2010); agriculture 10.2%, industry
46.9%, services 43% (2010 est.).
 Labor costs are low
 Exports: $1.581 trillion
 Imports: $1.327 trillion
 Revenues:$ 972.3 billion
 Expenditures:$ 1.137 trillion (2009)
The industrial production growth rate is 8.1%(2009).

6. Socio-cultural factors
 51.27 percent male & 48.73 percent female of the total population.
 Literacy rate:- 92.8%
 Religions:
Buddhism(50%), Taoism(30%), and Chinese folk religions &
others(Muslim 1.5-2%,Christian 3-4%)
16.6
70.14
13.26
Age structure (Yrs)
0-14
15-60
60+

7.  The average income in east china is
2.26 times then west of china

8.  Chinese prefer first mover.

9. Environmental factors
 Over reliance on coal which produces
acid rain.
 Water shortage
 Climate vary from region to region
 Natural disasters (floods,
earthquakes)
 Clean energy, low carbon technology

10. Technological factors
 Internet users:-500 million (2011)
 Airports :- 482(2009)
 Railway worlds third largest system
 Roadway 3583,715km(2007) world second largest
 China Telecom alone serves 55 million broadband subscribers
 Tianhe-1A world’s fastest supercomputer
 In 2011, China unveiled a prototype train
 Technology is becoming cheaper
 Telephone system is on world’s number one