This document contains two tables listing common cations and anions. The cation table lists various positively charged ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper along with their charge. The anion table similarly lists negatively charged ions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate along with their charge.
This document contains two tables listing common cations and anions. The cation table lists various positively charged ions like sodium, potassium, calcium, and copper along with their charge. The anion table similarly lists negatively charged ions such as chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulfate and phosphate along with their charge.
Bab 3 membahas tentang jisim atom relatif, jisim molekul relatif, dan jisim formula relatif. Jisim-jisim tersebut ditentukan dengan menjumlahkan jisim atom relatif setiap unsur dalam molekul atau senyawa kimia. Misalnya, jisim molekul relatif air H2O adalah 2(1) + 16 = 18, karena terdiri dari dua atom hidrogen dan satu atom oksigen.
Teaching aids for students or teachers regarding chemistry for Form 4 students. Naphthalene is the common example use by teachers to describe the changes in states of matter. Included in the slides are the precautions steps in the heating and cooling experiments.
The document defines oxidation number and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and polyatomic ions. The rules state that the oxidation number of atoms is 0, ions take the charge, and the sum of oxidation numbers in compounds and polyatomic ions equals the overall charge. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the rules to calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in various compounds and polyatomic ions.
1. The document discusses electrolysis and differentiates between conductors, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity and undergo chemical changes.
2. It describes the components of an electrolytic cell including the electrodes (anode and cathode) and explains that electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte into its constituent elements using an electric current.
3. The summary explains that during electrolysis, electric energy is converted to chemical energy as ions in the electrolyte migrate to the electrodes. At the anode, anions are discharged and at the cathode, cations are discharged.
1. Dokumen menjelaskan tentang bentuk piawai dan ungkapan kuadratik, termasuk cara membentuk ungkapan kuadratik dari ekspresi lain dan contoh-contohnya.
Tenaga nuklear dihasilkan melalui pembelahan nukleus di dalam reaktor nuklear. Proses ini menghasilkan sinaran dan tenaga kinetik yang kemudiannya diubah kepada tenaga elektrik. Bahan radioaktif boleh digunakan untuk tujuan industri, pertanian, perubatan tetapi perlu diurus dengan betul untuk mengelakkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan dan alam sekitar.
Tindak balas kimia boleh menghasilkan perubahan suhu bergantung kepada sama ada haba dibebaskan (eksotermik) atau diserap (endotermik). Kajian menunjukkan larutan natrium hidroksida menyebabkan peningkatan suhu manakala larutan ammonium klorida menyebabkan penurunan suhu, mengesahkan hipotesis bahawa bahan kimia berbeza menghasilkan suhu yang berbeza apabila bertindak balas dengan air.
This document describes an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. It provides the setup of the apparatus, which includes a crucible, lid and digital balance. The student recorded the mass readings of the crucible and lid, crucible/lid with magnesium ribbon, and crucible/lid with resulting magnesium oxide. The student then calculates the mass of magnesium used, mass of oxygen reacted, and moles of each element in the magnesium oxide. From these calculations, the student determines the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Bab 3 membahas tentang jisim atom relatif, jisim molekul relatif, dan jisim formula relatif. Jisim-jisim tersebut ditentukan dengan menjumlahkan jisim atom relatif setiap unsur dalam molekul atau senyawa kimia. Misalnya, jisim molekul relatif air H2O adalah 2(1) + 16 = 18, karena terdiri dari dua atom hidrogen dan satu atom oksigen.
Teaching aids for students or teachers regarding chemistry for Form 4 students. Naphthalene is the common example use by teachers to describe the changes in states of matter. Included in the slides are the precautions steps in the heating and cooling experiments.
The document defines oxidation number and provides rules for determining oxidation numbers of elements in compounds and polyatomic ions. The rules state that the oxidation number of atoms is 0, ions take the charge, and the sum of oxidation numbers in compounds and polyatomic ions equals the overall charge. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying the rules to calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in various compounds and polyatomic ions.
1. The document discusses electrolysis and differentiates between conductors, electrolytes, and non-electrolytes based on their ability to conduct electricity and undergo chemical changes.
2. It describes the components of an electrolytic cell including the electrodes (anode and cathode) and explains that electrolysis is the process of decomposing an electrolyte into its constituent elements using an electric current.
3. The summary explains that during electrolysis, electric energy is converted to chemical energy as ions in the electrolyte migrate to the electrodes. At the anode, anions are discharged and at the cathode, cations are discharged.
1. Dokumen menjelaskan tentang bentuk piawai dan ungkapan kuadratik, termasuk cara membentuk ungkapan kuadratik dari ekspresi lain dan contoh-contohnya.
Tenaga nuklear dihasilkan melalui pembelahan nukleus di dalam reaktor nuklear. Proses ini menghasilkan sinaran dan tenaga kinetik yang kemudiannya diubah kepada tenaga elektrik. Bahan radioaktif boleh digunakan untuk tujuan industri, pertanian, perubatan tetapi perlu diurus dengan betul untuk mengelakkan kesan buruk terhadap kesihatan dan alam sekitar.
Tindak balas kimia boleh menghasilkan perubahan suhu bergantung kepada sama ada haba dibebaskan (eksotermik) atau diserap (endotermik). Kajian menunjukkan larutan natrium hidroksida menyebabkan peningkatan suhu manakala larutan ammonium klorida menyebabkan penurunan suhu, mengesahkan hipotesis bahawa bahan kimia berbeza menghasilkan suhu yang berbeza apabila bertindak balas dengan air.
This document describes an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. It provides the setup of the apparatus, which includes a crucible, lid and digital balance. The student recorded the mass readings of the crucible and lid, crucible/lid with magnesium ribbon, and crucible/lid with resulting magnesium oxide. The student then calculates the mass of magnesium used, mass of oxygen reacted, and moles of each element in the magnesium oxide. From these calculations, the student determines the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
Latihan Formula Ion & Formula Kimia (for students)Cikgu Ummi
This document contains information about chemical formulas and relative molecular/formula masses. It includes a list of common ions and their formulas. There are also exercises providing the chemical formulas of compounds and calculating their relative molecular/formula masses. Some example calculations shown include copper(II) chloride with a relative formula mass of 135 and potassium chloride with a relative formula mass of 74.5. The document appears to be teaching materials for a chemistry module covering chemical formulas and relative molecular/formula mass calculations.
1. PERSAMAAN KIMIA
1. Persamaan kimia adalah huraian ringkas bagi tindak balas kimia.
Contoh: Tindak balas antara plumbum(II) nitrat dengan kalium iodida
menghasilkan plumbum(II) iodida dan kalium nitrat.
2. Persamaan kimia boleh ditulis dalam bentuk persamaan perkataan.
3. Biasanya, persamaan kimia ditulis dalam bentuk formula kimia.
Bahan tindak balas
Hasil tindak balas
4. Bahan tindak balas adalah bahan permulaan dalam tindak balas kimia.
Ia ditunjukkan pada bahagian kiri persamaan kimia.
5. Hasil tindak balas adalah bahan yang terhasil dalam tindak balas kimia.
Ia ditunjukkan pada bahagian kanan persamaan kimia.
6. Persamaan kimia juga menunjukkan keadaan bagi setiap bahan
iaitupepejal(p), cecair(ce), gas(g) dan akues(ak).
2. Tutorial 1
Magnesium bertindak balas dengan Asid hidroklorik cair,
menghasilkan Magnesium klorida,
dan gas Hidrogen,
persamaan mewakili tindak balas tersebut.
untuk
. Tuliskan
Penyelesaian:
Langkah 1:
Tulis persamaan perkataan dari tindak balas
(Bahan tindak balas ditulis di bahagian kiri manakala hasil
tindak balas ditulis di sebelah kanan)
Langkah 2:
Tulis formula kimia yang betul bagi reaktan dan hasil
Langkah 3:
Senaraikan bilangan atom bagi setiap elemen pada kedua-dua
bahagian persamaan
Bahagian Kiri
Atom Mg= 1
Atom H= 1
Atom CI= 1
Langkah 4:
Bahagian Kanan
Atom Mg= 1 (seimbang)
Atom H= 2 (tidak seimbang)
Atom CI= 2 (tidak seimbang)
Seimbangkan bilangan bagi setiap elemen pada kedua-dua
bahagian persamaan dengan mengubah koefisien (nombor di
hadapan formula kimia)
Bahagian Kiri
Bahagian Kanan
1
(seimbang)
2
Atom H=
(seimbang)
2
Atom CI=
(seimbang)
Atom Mg=
Atom Mg= 1
Atom H= 2
Atom CI= 2
Langkah 5:
Letak simbol keadaan bagi setiap reaktan dan hasil
