This document discusses forward flushing chemical cleaning using sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and nitric acid (HNO3) on a dead-end ultrafiltration cellulose acetate membrane system for oil emulsion wastewater treatment. The study aims to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of chemical agents in combination with forward flushing to handle membrane fouling. Various fouling phenomena, cleaning methods, and characteristics of the chemical agents are described. Experimental setup, procedures, and data analysis methods involving flux, recovery, and efficiency are also outlined.

1. PENCUCIAN KIMIA SECARA FORWARD FLUSHING PADA MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI SELULOSA ASETAT SISTEM ALIRAN DEAD END DALAM PROSES PENGOLAHAN EMULSI MINYAK JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA UNIVERSITAS RIAU AMRIZAL & SAYTU RACHIM

2. P E MI S A H AN Pengolahan Limbah Reversibel Ireversibel Anionic Octanoat Faibish dan Cohen, 2001 SECARA KIMIA SECARA MEKANIS HIDRODINAMIS EMULSI MINYAK PENURUNAN FLUKS SEPANJANG WAKTU OPERASI Deposisi FENOMENA FOULING TEKNIK PENANGANAN FOULANT TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN

3. Sistem Aliran Yang Dikenal : Aliran Cross Flow : Compacted << Aliran Dead End : Compacted >> EPA : 2001; Menyebabkan Perubahan Sifat Membran Anionik (Octanoat) Endapan Anorganik Adsorpsi Molekul Organik Endapan Partikulat Bio Fouling (Pelekatan dan Pertumbuhan Mikroba) Cheryan : 1986; Mulder : 1966; Faibish dan Cohen, 2001 Sistem Aliran (Perpindahan Massa) Kondisi Operasi (pH, T, P, C) Secara Proses Jenis Foulant (Bersifat reversibel atau Irreversibel) Fenomena Fouling

4. Agent Chemical Cleaning EPA : 2001; Fordward Membuat Fluidisasi Partikel Didalam Membran  DEAD END Aquadest (Flushing) Cheryan : 1986; Backward Penyapuan Partikel Didalam Membran  CROSS FLOW Pencucian Secara Kimia Secara Mekanis Hidrodinamis Metode Penanganan Fouling

5. Karakteristik Chemical Agent NaOH HCl HNO 3 FLUKS NaOH HCl HNO 3 Zat pembersih untuk silica, koloid anorganik dan material organik/biologi Larutan penyangga (buffer) sehingga dapat mengontrol perubahan pH Membersihkan Foulant senyawa organik dan biologis yang mempunyai daya Oksidasi yang tinggi Scott, 1995

12. Rangkaian Peralatan

13. Flowchart Diagram Penelitian

14. Analisa Data RR (%) = [(Rf – Rc)/Rf] x 100 FR (%) = [(Jwc - Jww)/(Jwi – Jww)] x 10 0 Jt = Qf/S %Recovery spesifik fluks = 100*[1-(Jsf/Jsi)] Loss original spesifik fluks = 100*[1-(Jsf/Jsio)] Jspec = Jt/Ptm EFISIENSI S = 2*pi*r*h*n