.

1. ‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻣﻘدﻣﺔ‬
:
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‫اﻟﻧﻔس؟‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ :‫أوﻻ‬
‫ﻟﺳﻠوك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫او‬ ‫واﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻔﻛﯾر‬ ‫واﻟﻌﻘل‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ﯾدرس‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ھو‬
..‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫واﻟﺗﻧﺑؤ‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺳﯾره‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠوك‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﻓﮭم‬ ‫ﯾﮭدف‬ ..‫اﻻﻧﺳﺎن‬ ‫ﺧﺻوﺻﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎﺋﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺎﻋد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠم‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ودراﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫ﻛﯾﻔﯾﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻣﺎط‬ ‫ﻓﮭم‬
‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻔس‬ ‫ﻋﻠم‬ ‫ﻣﺻطﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﯾﺷﯾر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻷﻗﺳﺎم‬ ‫ﻣﺗﻌددة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻔرﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠوم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛوﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻛل‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻓراد‬ ‫ﻣﺷﺎﻛل‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺷﺎط‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔو‬ ‫ﻣﺟﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌﺎرف‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾﻖ‬
‫وأھﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻠﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣراض‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﯾوﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾﺎة‬
(‫)اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻧون‬ ‫ﺑﻣرض‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
:‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬
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.‫ﺟﻧوﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﻋﺟﺎب‬ ‫اﻟذات‬ ‫ﺣب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻓراط‬ ‫ھﻲ‬
:‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑداﯾﺔ‬
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‫اﻟﺳﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻣرض‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ظﮭور‬ ‫ﺑداﯾﺔ‬
8
‫ﻟﻠﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرض‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ﯾﺳﻣﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬
(‫)ﻣﯾﺗﺎﻓورﺗﯾﺳﯾن‬ ‫ﻗﺻﯾدﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اوﻓﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎﻋر‬ ‫ﺗﺣدث‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ (‫)ﻧرﺳس‬ ‫اﻻﻏرﯾﻘﻲ‬
‫وﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻧرﺳس‬ ‫ﻋن‬
‫و‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫ﺳﯾﻔﺳس‬ ‫اﻻﻟﮫ‬ ‫ــ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﮭر‬ ‫اﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﺑن‬ ‫ﻧرﺳس‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺎب‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻏرﯾﻘﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﺳطورة‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻗﺻﯾدﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﺣدث‬
. ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺎل‬ ‫ﻏﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧرﺳس‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﮭر‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺷرب‬ ‫ﻧرﺳس‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﯾوم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫و‬
‫اﻟﻧﮭر‬ ‫ﻣﯾﺎه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﻌﻛﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﺟﻣﺎل‬ ‫رأى‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﻧظره‬ ‫ﯾﺑﻌد‬ ‫وﻟم‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﻏرام‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓوﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫زھرة‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫وﻧﺑﺗت‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺎﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ت‬
‫اﻟﻧرﺟس‬ ‫ﺑزھرة‬ ‫ﺗﻌرف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣوﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧﺻﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺿطراب‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻌرف‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻣﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻘﺻﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫وﻣن‬
(Narcissistic personality discover)
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‫)ﺳﯾﺟوﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﻧﻣﺳﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬ ‫وﺗﺣدث‬
‫اﻟطﻔل‬ ‫ﻧﻣو‬ ‫ﻣراﺣل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫طﺑﯾﻌﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ان‬ (‫ﻓروﯾد‬
‫اﺿطراب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬ ‫وﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻣﻌﻧﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠوغ‬ ‫ﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺻوﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻧد‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ھذه‬ ‫ﺑﺗﺧطﻲ‬ ‫اﻟطﻔل‬ ‫ﻓﺷل‬ ‫اذا‬
‫ﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫وﻻدﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻧذ‬ ‫ﺷﺧص‬ ‫ﻛل‬ ‫ان‬

2. :‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﯾ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﺣد‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗطﯾﻊ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﺟدا‬ ‫ﻣﻣﯾز‬ ‫ﺷﺧص‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﯾرى‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐطرس‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ھو‬
‫وﯾﺷﻐل‬ ‫ﻔﮭﻣﮫ‬
‫اﻟﻼﻣﺣدودة‬ ‫اﻟﺳﻠطﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻧﺟﺎح‬ ‫ﻟﻠوﺻول‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺧﯾﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬
‫او‬ ‫وطﻣوﺣﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻛﺎرﯾزﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬ ‫ﺑﺳﮭوﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﯾﺟذب‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻣﺗوﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯾر‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣظﮭره‬ ‫ﺑﺳﺑب‬
‫ﻓﻘط‬ ‫ﺳطﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻛون‬ ‫ﻟﻛﻧﮭﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺗﻛوﯾن‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫راﺋﻊ‬ ‫وھو‬
:‫واﻟﺻداﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺗﯾن‬ ‫ھﻧﺎك‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
Emerging zone:
‫ﺗﻌﺟب‬ ‫ﯾﺟﻌﻠك‬ ‫اﻟذي‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫ھذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫واﻻﻧطﺑﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺻدﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫اﻏﻠب‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻣﻣﺗﺎزة‬ ‫أوﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺻورة‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺧذ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘدرﺗﮫ‬ ،‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺷﺧص‬
Enduring zone:
‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗظﮭر‬ ‫ﺗﺑدأ‬ ‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌﻣﻖ‬ ‫ﯾﺗم‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﻲ‬
‫ﯾﺻف‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬ ‫ﻋن‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗﻌﺑﯾر‬ ‫اﻟﻧرﺟﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺷﺧص‬ ‫ﯾﺑدأ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺑﯾر‬ ‫ﺷﻛل‬
‫اﻟﺳوﺑر‬ ‫اﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻧﺎس‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺗﻌﺎﻣل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻛل‬ ‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺗﻘدﯾر‬ ‫اﻟوﺣﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﻖ‬ ‫واﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌظﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺳﮫ‬
‫و‬ ‫ﻓﯾﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬ ‫اﻵﺧرﯾن‬ ‫اﺣﺑﺎط‬ ‫ﯾﺣب‬ ‫أﯾﺿﺎ‬ ‫ھو‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺗﺎر‬
‫ال‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺿرب‬ ‫ﯾﺳﺗﻣﺗﻊ‬
insecurities
Delroy paulhus:
‫ﻗﺼﻢ‬ ‫ﺣ�ﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﺪول‬ ‫ووﺿﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫بﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ت‬
‫اى‬ ‫ﺣ�ﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿ�ع‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬ ‫أﺳﺒ�ع‬ ‫كﻞ‬‫ﻣﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫واﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﻫﺬا‬
20
‫ﻟﻤﺪ‬ ‫دﻗ�ﻘﺔ‬
‫ة‬
7
‫أ�ﺎم‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ )
25
‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﻻﺣﻆ‬ ‫أﺳﺒ�ع‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أﺳﺒ�ع‬ ‫اول‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫اﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻴ�ﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻢ‬ ‫واﺗﺎح‬ (‫ﻳﻮم‬
‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫كﺎن‬‫أﺳﺒ�ع‬ ‫اول‬
‫وﻟ�ﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬكﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫بﺎﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫بﺎﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻌﻮن‬ ‫أﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﺟﺴﻴن‬ ‫ف‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻳﺮون‬
‫ﻣبﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫�ﺸكﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫بﺪأت‬ ‫ﺟﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫ف‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‬ ‫ان‬ ‫�ﺴبﺐ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫أﺳﺒ�ع‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
�
.‫ﻓ�ﻪ‬
‫)وﺟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫ﻓﺎﺷﻞ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫داﺋﻤﺎ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺟ‬ ‫ف‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻻﺳتﻨﺘﺎج‬ ‫أدى‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ �
��‫ﻷ‬‫�ﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ (‫ﻟﻮﺟﻪ‬
4
‫اﺷﻬﺮ‬
..
‫ﻧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﻦ‬ ‫و‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫بﺎﻟنﺴبﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻻن‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﻏ‬
.‫و�ﺤبﻪ‬ ‫ﻳ��ﺪە‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وا�ﺼﺎل‬ ‫اض‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻻﺳﺘﻌ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤكﺎن‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺟ‬ ‫ض‬
�‫اﻟ‬

3. ‫ي‬
�‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺢ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺟ‬ ‫ن‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫ان‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮب‬ ‫ﻫﺬە‬ ‫كﻞ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫بﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫وﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫ارﻫﻢ‬�‫ا‬ ‫�ﺴبﺐ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﻧﺮﺟ‬
‫وﻛ‬
.‫ﻗ�ﺎدي‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺟ‬ ‫ض‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫بﺎﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻹ�ﺠﺎﺑ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬە‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أ�ﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﺬﻟﻚ‬
) �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺑ��ﻄﺎﻧ�ﺎ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫ﺗﺠ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣ�ﺚ‬
300
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ‬ (
‫ن‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﺟﺴﻴن‬ ‫ن‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫اﻟﺬكﺎء‬ ‫�ﺴبﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎرق‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫ت‬
‫وﺣئ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ �‫اﻋ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫�ﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﻏﻠﺐ‬ �‫ﻋ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺗﻬﻢ‬ ‫�ﺴبﺐ‬
:‫ﺟﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫ن‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫أﺳبﺎب‬
-
1
-
‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫بﻌﻘﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫و�نﺸﺄ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎب‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫�ﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺣ�ﺚ‬ ،‫اﺛ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫و‬
،
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬە‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
� ‫وﻟ�ﻦ‬
‫ي‬
‫ت‬
‫اﻟئ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤ�ﻄ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒيﺌ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻈﺮوف‬ ‫ﺗبﻌﺎ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫و�ﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮض‬ ‫�ﺼﺤﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫�ﻌ�ﺶ‬
2
-
‫اﻷﺳبﺎب‬ ‫بﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴبﺐ‬ ‫وﻫﺬا‬ :‫ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻓ�ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤبﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪح‬
‫اﺛ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎل‬ ‫ﻓ�ﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤبﺎﻟﻎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻳﺢ‬ ‫ي‬
� ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫بﻌﺾ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﺎن‬ ‫وﻫﻨﺎك‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔ�ﺪ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺪح‬
‫واﻟﻀﺎر‬
‫ﺟﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫ن‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗ��ﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ت‬
‫اﻟئ‬ ‫اﻷﺳبﺎب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ي‬
� ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒيﺌﺔ‬ ‫ان‬ �‫ﻧن‬ ‫وﻻ‬
،
‫ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻟ�ﻦ‬
.‫اﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫بﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗبﺪا‬
:‫ﻧﻔﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫أﺳبﺎب‬
1
-
‫اﻟﺤ�ﺎة‬ ‫وﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﻌﺼي‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
2
-
‫اﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اب‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻻﺿﻄ‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺣ�ﺚ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫واﻟﻤﺨﺪ‬ ‫اﻷدو�ﺔ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﺗﻌﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘﺎر‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ادﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫وﻣﺪى‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ‬

4. ‫اﻟﻌﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮن‬ ‫اب‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﺿﻄ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
:
-
‫ب‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬
3
:‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬
1
-
‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
‫ﻃي‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫�ﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫وﻟ�ﻨﻪ‬ ‫ي‬
�‫اﻟﻨﻔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻼج‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺠﺎبﺔ‬ �
��‫أ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ��ﺾ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ب‬
‫اﻟﻄي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬ ‫و�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ *
‫ﻣﺤﻠﻪ‬
2
-
�‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ‬ ‫وﺗﺠﺪ�ﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔ�ﻒ‬ ‫�ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫و‬ ‫ي‬
�‫ﻧﻔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼج‬
‫اﻵﺧ��ﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺗﺼﺎل‬
3
-
‫ي‬
�‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼج‬