Virtualization is a technology that has greatly benefited businesses around the globe. The technology has a significant impact on the modern IT landscape and today plays a key role in the development and delivery of cloud computing solutions.However, the adoption of this advanced technology has major security implications on businesses
today. The adoption of Virtualization has openeddoors to a broad range of challenges for businesses in the industry. Especially, for organizations
that are PCI regulated and required to comply with PCI DSS Standards, the challenges in this area only seem to grow.
Winston Morton gave a presentation on intrusion prevention in cloud computing. He discussed how the risk model has changed as private cloud deployments virtualize network aggregation points and public cloud providers control critical security elements. Intrusion prevention systems face challenges in the cloud due to reduced visibility without direct access to the cloud provider's network. However, industry trends show virtual intrusion prevention solutions are maturing to integrate with enterprise systems and provide visibility into public cloud environments.
Internal & External Attacks in cloud computing Environment from confidentiali...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
As service providers increasingly provide cloud-based services to enterprises and small businesses in virtual and multi-tenant environments, their security strategies must continually evolve to detect and mitigate emerging threats. In the VMDC reference architecture, physical and virtual infrastructure components such as networks (routers and switches), network-based services (firewalls and load balancers) - and computing and storage resources are shared among multiple tenants, creating shared multi-tenant environments.
Security is especially important in these environments because sharing physical and virtual resources increases the risk of tenants negatively impacting other tenants. Cloud deployment models must include critical regulatory compliance such as Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).
The VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution enables customers to:
• Detect, analyze, and stop advanced malware and advanced persistent threats across the attack continuum.
• Consistently enforce policies across networks and accelerate threat detection and response.
• Access global intelligence using the right context to make informed decisions and take fast,
appropriate action.
• Comply with security requirements for regulatory requisites such as FISMA, HIPAA, and PCI.
• Support secure access controls to prevent business losses.
• Secure data center services using application and content security.
As more enterprises and small and medium (SMB) businesses move critical data and applications over to virtualized, multi-tenant systems in public and private clouds, cyber-criminals will aggressively attack potential security vulnerabilities. Security strategies and best practices must evolve to mitigate rapidly emerging, increasingly dangerous threats. The Cisco VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution protects against such threats, and provides a reference design for effectively and economically securing cloud-based physical and virtualized cloud data center deployments.
This design guide describes how to build security into cloud data center deployments. The VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution integrates additional security capabilities into data center design with minimal deployment risks, addresses governance and regulatory requirements, and provides improved technical controls to reduce security threats.
Providing end-to-end security for multi-tenant cloud data centers is a critical task that challenges service providers (SPs) and enterprises. However, deploying successful cloud data centers depends upon on end-to-end security in both data center infrastructures and the virtualized environments that host application and service loads for cloud consumers.
A SURVEY ON SECURITY CHALLENGES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijcsit
Virtualization has become a widely and attractive employed technology in cloud computing environments. Sharing of a single physical machine between multiple isolated virtual machines leading to a more optimized hardware usage, as well as make the migration and management of a virtual system more efficiently than its physical counterpart. Virtualization is a fundamental technology in a cloud environment. However, the presence of an additional abstraction layer among software and hardware causes new security issues. Security issues related to virtualization technology have become a significant concern for organizations due to arising some new security challenges.
Cyber consequences, operational dependencies, and full scope securityJoe Slowik
Cyber impacts are typically viewed in isolation - yet paired with secondary effects or specific process targeting, they can result in outsized physical or reputational impacts. This talk will examine such attacks, their execution, and how Purple Teaming can incorporate these events in testing.
Cyber events are typically viewed in isolation as information-centric events, perhaps with some secondary effects in terms of victim organization finances or reputation. Yet this perspective ignores both the increasing physical consequences of cyber manipulation, greater inter-organization dependencies leading to expanded attack surface, and the potential for targeting operational or procedural “weak points” to propagate impacts to more secure or sensitive areas. Essentially, just as the idea of network isolation or “airgaps” no longer makes sense for defense, the idea of network defense as being limited only to the defended organization’s “border” no longer applies either.
This talk will examine how critical operational dependencies, perceptions, and third-party relationships can be used to achieve not just initial network access, but potentially network or even physical disruption. Examples to illustrate this concept will include sequenced cyber impacts combined with information operations to create panic or reduce confidence in critical infrastructure; targeting up- or down-stream dependencies as a mechanism to bypass security to achieve outsized impacts; and leveraging proper timing to increase the impact of a cyber intrusion or disruption event.
The above will cover attack scenarios and their impacts, but the talk will conclude with how organizations must expand scope for security testing, evaluation, and auditing to include such scenarios. Essentially, red (and purple) teaming no longer stops at the network border, but instead must include dependencies and external influencing factors to adequately map out true security risk. By designing intrusion scenarios to simulate such conditions, implementing wide-ranging table-top exercises, and incorporating third-parties (from suppliers to vendors to service providers) in testing activity, organizations can prepare for sequenced, dependency-focused attacks increasingly used by advanced adversaries. Failure to recognize and adapt to these trends will leave organizations unaware of and ill prepared for an increasingly expanded attack surface based on modern network and operational inter-dependencies.
Generic Security Framework for Multiple Heterogeneous Virtual InfrastructuresIJRES Journal
Virtualization continues to take center stage at IT industry, yet many organizations are finding it difficult to secure virtualized environments. Security is a critical component in the growing IT system surrounding virtualization. Many organizations find the security challenges associated with virtualization to be a major hurdle, companies of all kinds across all industries are looking towards addressing business and security needs in the virtual infrastructure. There are many research work done before about how to check the compliance status of the cloud platform, not of the virtual machines running on the platform. This paper proposes the security framework for multiple heterogeneous virtual machines which assess the compliance security of the virtual machines. In this paper we make use of REST APIs, using which we create remote session on the virtual machines and fetch the machine values which will be parsed to get the required values for assessment.
Winston Morton gave a presentation on intrusion prevention in cloud computing. He discussed how the risk model has changed as private cloud deployments virtualize network aggregation points and public cloud providers control critical security elements. Intrusion prevention systems face challenges in the cloud due to reduced visibility without direct access to the cloud provider's network. However, industry trends show virtual intrusion prevention solutions are maturing to integrate with enterprise systems and provide visibility into public cloud environments.
Internal & External Attacks in cloud computing Environment from confidentiali...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
As service providers increasingly provide cloud-based services to enterprises and small businesses in virtual and multi-tenant environments, their security strategies must continually evolve to detect and mitigate emerging threats. In the VMDC reference architecture, physical and virtual infrastructure components such as networks (routers and switches), network-based services (firewalls and load balancers) - and computing and storage resources are shared among multiple tenants, creating shared multi-tenant environments.
Security is especially important in these environments because sharing physical and virtual resources increases the risk of tenants negatively impacting other tenants. Cloud deployment models must include critical regulatory compliance such as Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).
The VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution enables customers to:
• Detect, analyze, and stop advanced malware and advanced persistent threats across the attack continuum.
• Consistently enforce policies across networks and accelerate threat detection and response.
• Access global intelligence using the right context to make informed decisions and take fast,
appropriate action.
• Comply with security requirements for regulatory requisites such as FISMA, HIPAA, and PCI.
• Support secure access controls to prevent business losses.
• Secure data center services using application and content security.
As more enterprises and small and medium (SMB) businesses move critical data and applications over to virtualized, multi-tenant systems in public and private clouds, cyber-criminals will aggressively attack potential security vulnerabilities. Security strategies and best practices must evolve to mitigate rapidly emerging, increasingly dangerous threats. The Cisco VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution protects against such threats, and provides a reference design for effectively and economically securing cloud-based physical and virtualized cloud data center deployments.
This design guide describes how to build security into cloud data center deployments. The VMDC Cloud Security 1.0 solution integrates additional security capabilities into data center design with minimal deployment risks, addresses governance and regulatory requirements, and provides improved technical controls to reduce security threats.
Providing end-to-end security for multi-tenant cloud data centers is a critical task that challenges service providers (SPs) and enterprises. However, deploying successful cloud data centers depends upon on end-to-end security in both data center infrastructures and the virtualized environments that host application and service loads for cloud consumers.
A SURVEY ON SECURITY CHALLENGES OF VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY IN CLOUD COMPUTINGijcsit
Virtualization has become a widely and attractive employed technology in cloud computing environments. Sharing of a single physical machine between multiple isolated virtual machines leading to a more optimized hardware usage, as well as make the migration and management of a virtual system more efficiently than its physical counterpart. Virtualization is a fundamental technology in a cloud environment. However, the presence of an additional abstraction layer among software and hardware causes new security issues. Security issues related to virtualization technology have become a significant concern for organizations due to arising some new security challenges.
Cyber consequences, operational dependencies, and full scope securityJoe Slowik
Cyber impacts are typically viewed in isolation - yet paired with secondary effects or specific process targeting, they can result in outsized physical or reputational impacts. This talk will examine such attacks, their execution, and how Purple Teaming can incorporate these events in testing.
Cyber events are typically viewed in isolation as information-centric events, perhaps with some secondary effects in terms of victim organization finances or reputation. Yet this perspective ignores both the increasing physical consequences of cyber manipulation, greater inter-organization dependencies leading to expanded attack surface, and the potential for targeting operational or procedural “weak points” to propagate impacts to more secure or sensitive areas. Essentially, just as the idea of network isolation or “airgaps” no longer makes sense for defense, the idea of network defense as being limited only to the defended organization’s “border” no longer applies either.
This talk will examine how critical operational dependencies, perceptions, and third-party relationships can be used to achieve not just initial network access, but potentially network or even physical disruption. Examples to illustrate this concept will include sequenced cyber impacts combined with information operations to create panic or reduce confidence in critical infrastructure; targeting up- or down-stream dependencies as a mechanism to bypass security to achieve outsized impacts; and leveraging proper timing to increase the impact of a cyber intrusion or disruption event.
The above will cover attack scenarios and their impacts, but the talk will conclude with how organizations must expand scope for security testing, evaluation, and auditing to include such scenarios. Essentially, red (and purple) teaming no longer stops at the network border, but instead must include dependencies and external influencing factors to adequately map out true security risk. By designing intrusion scenarios to simulate such conditions, implementing wide-ranging table-top exercises, and incorporating third-parties (from suppliers to vendors to service providers) in testing activity, organizations can prepare for sequenced, dependency-focused attacks increasingly used by advanced adversaries. Failure to recognize and adapt to these trends will leave organizations unaware of and ill prepared for an increasingly expanded attack surface based on modern network and operational inter-dependencies.
Generic Security Framework for Multiple Heterogeneous Virtual InfrastructuresIJRES Journal
Virtualization continues to take center stage at IT industry, yet many organizations are finding it difficult to secure virtualized environments. Security is a critical component in the growing IT system surrounding virtualization. Many organizations find the security challenges associated with virtualization to be a major hurdle, companies of all kinds across all industries are looking towards addressing business and security needs in the virtual infrastructure. There are many research work done before about how to check the compliance status of the cloud platform, not of the virtual machines running on the platform. This paper proposes the security framework for multiple heterogeneous virtual machines which assess the compliance security of the virtual machines. In this paper we make use of REST APIs, using which we create remote session on the virtual machines and fetch the machine values which will be parsed to get the required values for assessment.
1. Virtualization introduces new security challenges as it adds layers of technology and complexity to server infrastructure.
2. The Payment Card Industry (PCI) has issued new guidelines for securing virtual environments to address risks introduced by virtualization and ensure compliance with PCI data security standards.
3. Adaptive security solutions are needed to enforce policies across dynamic virtual environments and accommodate different virtual infrastructure configurations over time.
HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT SECURITY INCIDENTS IN A CLOUD ENVIRONMENT?EC-Council
Though cloud technology allows for quicker access to virtual systems and reduced costs, switching to the cloud presents issues that must be addressed, such as misconfiguring infrastructure that can affect the whole system, sensitivity to minor configuration changes in platform services, transparency increasing difficulties in software service customizations, and increased risk from complications in microservices architectures. These issues can be overcome by learning the stages of incident management including planning, triage, containment, evidence gathering, and recovery.
This presentation provides an overview of the NIST SP 500-299 NIST Cloud Computing Security Reference Architecture. It includes a brief description of the Cloud Computing Architecture, its services along with the required Risk Management activities.
Past and future of integrity based attacks in ics environmentsJoe Slowik
The document discusses several past and potential future ICS attacks:
- Stuxnet successfully disrupted Iranian nuclear centrifuges but had limited direct impact.
- CRASHOVERRIDE largely failed to impact the Ukrainian power grid as intended.
- TRISIS that targeted a safety instrumented system failed to cause damage.
Future attacks may seek to directly manipulate industrial processes, undermine electric utilities, or compromise safety systems to cause physical disruption or damage. Defenders need ICS-focused security strategies including process monitoring to detect and respond to these evolving threats.
Darktrace's Industrial Immune System provides continuous threat monitoring for critical infrastructure organizations like oil and gas, energy, and manufacturing plants. It uses advanced machine learning and behavioral analytics to establish a baseline of normal activity on industrial control systems (ICS) networks. This allows it to detect abnormal and potentially malicious behavior in real-time, even from unknown threats, and flag them for investigation before they can cause major issues. As ICS networks increasingly connect to corporate IT networks and the internet, they become more vulnerable to cyber attacks but existing defenses like firewalls have proven inadequate, making a solution like Darktrace's important for enhanced protection.
The document discusses lessons learned from conducting vulnerability assessments. It provides examples of common security issues found like unpatched systems, default credentials, password sharing across platforms, and insecure management interfaces. The key lessons are that even insignificant devices can be exploited, default configurations should be changed, separate management networks need protection, and one compromised system can expose other connected networks and data.
Cloud technology to ensure the protection of fundamental methods and use of i...SubmissionResearchpa
A comparative analysis of attacks carried out in cloud technologies, the main methods and methods of information protection, the possibilities of using hardware and software, and methods to combat threats when eliminating them, ensuring data protection were carried out by Mamarajabov Odil Elmurzayevich 2020. Cloud technology to ensure the protection of fundamental methods and use of information. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 10 (Oct. 2020), 313-315. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.780 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/780/750 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/780
1) The document discusses security issues in cloud computing, with a focus on vulnerabilities in the virtualization layer.
2) It proposes a secure model (SVM) using intrusion detection systems to monitor virtual machines and detect attacks. This would help virtual machines resist attacks more efficiently in cloud environments.
3) Some key virtualization vulnerabilities discussed include attacks on hypervisors, compromised isolation between virtual machines, and packet sniffing/spoofing in virtual networks. The proposed SVM model aims to address these issues and secure the virtualization layer in cloud infrastructure.
ISACA Journal Publication - Does your Cloud have a Secure Lining? Shah SheikhShah Sheikh
This document discusses cloud computing and security considerations for organizations adopting cloud services. It makes three key points:
1. Cloud computing provides on-demand delivery of computing resources but also poses new security risks and challenges for organizations related to loss of control of data and infrastructure. A holistic risk management approach is needed.
2. Key security considerations for organizations adopting cloud services include understanding compliance requirements, performing risk assessments of cloud assets, validating information lifecycles, ensuring data security, and establishing security agreements with cloud providers.
3. As organizations lose control of their data and infrastructure in the cloud, new strategies are needed to ensure data portability between cloud providers, availability of audit controls, and proper management of data
Securing IT Against Modern Threats with Microsoft Cloud Security Tools - M365...Michael Noel
Organizations today are facing unprecedented and sophisticated attacks to their internal Information Technology infrastructure. These evolving attacks include spear phishing, ransomware, credential hijacking, and more and can result in significant data loss and/or theft of confidential and valuable intellectual property. In response to these threats, Microsoft has released an array of tools such as Azure Sentinel, Cloud App Security, Microsoft Defender for Identity, and more which can help to secure and protect against these threats. These tools work with both on-premises and cloud-based infrastructure to provide for comprehensive protection of hybrid environments.
This session breaks down each of these Microsoft tools and provides for an understanding of their value for specific security scenarios. A simple, no-marketing approach is taken to evaluating each individual tool, and a simple breakdown of what is provided with each Microsoft licensing model is outlined. Attendees will gain a better appreciation to which tools to utilize and how to better protect their Information Technology investments from the type of career-ending attacks which are unfortunately common today.
• Understand how modern threats such as spear phishing, ransomware, credential hijacking, and more are commonly faced in today’s IT environments and what tools and techniques can be used to mitigate the risk faced by these modern threats
• Examine Microsoft security tools such as Azure Sentinel, Microsoft Defender for Identity, Azure Security Center, Cloud App Security, Azure AD Privileged Identity Management, Azure AD Identity Protection, Azure Information Protection, and more
• Understand which tools are available for each licensing model in the Microsoft world and when it may make sense to ‘upgrade’ existing licenses to support specific toolsets as opposed to investment in third-party tools
IT Security Risk Mitigation Report: Virtualization SecurityBooz Allen Hamilton
Security is a major area of concern for any organization deploying a virtual environment. The introduction of VMs has created security considerations unheard of just a few years ago. This report provides insight into managing these new risks, and shows how Booz Allen’s expertise helps organizations develop comprehensive and secure virtualization solutions that comply with federal security standards.
The document discusses cloud computing security. It outlines 12 major threats to cloud security according to the Cloud Security Alliance, including data breaches, compromised credentials, and denial of service attacks. It also describes security responsibilities for both cloud providers and customers. Effective security requires strong authentication, encryption, logging, vulnerability management, and defining security architectures tailored to the specific cloud platform. With proper precautions, customers can benefit from cloud computing while maintaining adequate security.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new framework called Cloud Information Accountability (CIA) to improve accountability and security in cloud computing systems. The CIA framework uses identity-based encryption, logging of user access in "push" and "pull" modes, and accountability controls to allow data owners to monitor how their data is used in the cloud. This is an improvement over existing systems where data handling is opaque and users lack control. The framework aims to prevent "zombies" or unauthorized access by verifying user identities and logging all access for auditing purposes. It establishes accountability while avoiding interruptions to cloud services and applications.
Ivanti's own healthcare vertical expert will interview an IT leader from William Osler Health System about the unique service management challenges facing healthcare providers today and share the latest on Ivanti Neurons for Healthcare.
The Role of Government in Identity ManagementDon Lovett
Explore the intersection of identity management, government roles and responsibility, and personal control of digital identity. Introduces some of the Linux Foundation work in the Hyperledger Aries Project
9 Things You Need to Know Before Moving to the Cloudkairostech
Cloud computing has emerged and paved its way forward at an unprecedented pace. It has managed to simultaneously transform business and government giving rise to new security challenges. The emergence of the cloud service model provides business supporting technology with an increased efficiency than ever before. The paradigm shift from server to service has revolutionized the way IT departments think, design, and provide computing solutions and applications. Yet, these revolutions have given birth to new security challenges – the full impact of which is yet to be determined.
This document discusses network security solutions from Siemens for industrial environments. It introduces the concepts of industrial security, defense in depth with plant security, system integrity and network security. Network security is a central component and focuses on protecting automation networks through firewalls, secure network segmentation, encryption and authentication. The document provides an overview of the security threats to industrial control systems and recommends implementing network segmentation through protected automation cells using Security Integrated components from Siemens. These components allow secure communication within cells and between cells connected by VPN and firewall protections.
WHITE PAPER: Threats to Virtual Environments - Symantec Security Response TeamSymantec
Virtualization in enterprises has been a growing trend for years, offering attractive opportunities for scaling, efficiency, and flexibility. According to Forrester Research1, over 70 percent of organizations are planning to use server virtualization by the end of 2015.
Often, companies delay implementing virtualization due to security concerns or adopt virtualization before deploying advanced security measures. However, virtual machines and their hosting servers are not immune to attack. Introducing virtualization technology to a business creates new attack vectors that need to be addressed, such as monitoring the virtual networks between virtual machines. We have seen malware specifically designed to compromise virtual machines and have observed attackers directly targeting hosting servers. Around 18 percent of malware detects virtual machines and stops executing if it arrives on one.
Virtual systems are increasingly being used to automatically analyze and detect malware. Symantec has noticed that attackers are creating new methods to avoid this analysis. For example, some Trojans will wait for multiple left mouse clicks to occur before they decrypt themselves and start their payload. This can make it difficult or impossible for an automated system to come to an accurate conclusion about the malware in a short timeframe. Attackers are clearly not ignoring virtual environments in their plans, so these systems need to be protected as well.
This document discusses information security in the datacenter and whether it is an internal affair. It summarizes key findings from 2010-2012 regarding security in virtualized datacenters. The main risks of virtualization in the datacenter are discussed, including loss of separation of duties, vulnerabilities in privileged software layers, incorrect virtual network configuration exposing isolation, and increased impact of denial of service attacks. The document concludes that just because an organization can consolidate servers virtually does not mean it should without understanding additional security risks and mitigations. It also discusses three styles of securing applications in public and private datacenters: relying on infrastructure security, running own controls inside the datacenter, or requiring all controls separate from the datacenter/cloud.
1. Cloud computing provides flexibility and economies of scale but introduces new security risks as sensitive data and infrastructure are placed outside traditional secure perimeters.
2. Traditional security measures like firewalls and intrusion detection become more difficult in cloud environments where virtual machines are dynamically allocated across shared physical servers.
3. Ensuring data integrity, updating security software, complying with regulations, and monitoring administrator access require new solutions to prove security and respond to vulnerabilities in cloud infrastructure and virtual environments.
1. Virtualization introduces new security challenges as it adds layers of technology and complexity to server infrastructure.
2. The Payment Card Industry (PCI) has issued new guidelines for securing virtual environments to address risks introduced by virtualization and ensure compliance with PCI data security standards.
3. Adaptive security solutions are needed to enforce policies across dynamic virtual environments and accommodate different virtual infrastructure configurations over time.
HOW TO TROUBLESHOOT SECURITY INCIDENTS IN A CLOUD ENVIRONMENT?EC-Council
Though cloud technology allows for quicker access to virtual systems and reduced costs, switching to the cloud presents issues that must be addressed, such as misconfiguring infrastructure that can affect the whole system, sensitivity to minor configuration changes in platform services, transparency increasing difficulties in software service customizations, and increased risk from complications in microservices architectures. These issues can be overcome by learning the stages of incident management including planning, triage, containment, evidence gathering, and recovery.
This presentation provides an overview of the NIST SP 500-299 NIST Cloud Computing Security Reference Architecture. It includes a brief description of the Cloud Computing Architecture, its services along with the required Risk Management activities.
Past and future of integrity based attacks in ics environmentsJoe Slowik
The document discusses several past and potential future ICS attacks:
- Stuxnet successfully disrupted Iranian nuclear centrifuges but had limited direct impact.
- CRASHOVERRIDE largely failed to impact the Ukrainian power grid as intended.
- TRISIS that targeted a safety instrumented system failed to cause damage.
Future attacks may seek to directly manipulate industrial processes, undermine electric utilities, or compromise safety systems to cause physical disruption or damage. Defenders need ICS-focused security strategies including process monitoring to detect and respond to these evolving threats.
Darktrace's Industrial Immune System provides continuous threat monitoring for critical infrastructure organizations like oil and gas, energy, and manufacturing plants. It uses advanced machine learning and behavioral analytics to establish a baseline of normal activity on industrial control systems (ICS) networks. This allows it to detect abnormal and potentially malicious behavior in real-time, even from unknown threats, and flag them for investigation before they can cause major issues. As ICS networks increasingly connect to corporate IT networks and the internet, they become more vulnerable to cyber attacks but existing defenses like firewalls have proven inadequate, making a solution like Darktrace's important for enhanced protection.
The document discusses lessons learned from conducting vulnerability assessments. It provides examples of common security issues found like unpatched systems, default credentials, password sharing across platforms, and insecure management interfaces. The key lessons are that even insignificant devices can be exploited, default configurations should be changed, separate management networks need protection, and one compromised system can expose other connected networks and data.
Cloud technology to ensure the protection of fundamental methods and use of i...SubmissionResearchpa
A comparative analysis of attacks carried out in cloud technologies, the main methods and methods of information protection, the possibilities of using hardware and software, and methods to combat threats when eliminating them, ensuring data protection were carried out by Mamarajabov Odil Elmurzayevich 2020. Cloud technology to ensure the protection of fundamental methods and use of information. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 10 (Oct. 2020), 313-315. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i10.780 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/780/750 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/780
1) The document discusses security issues in cloud computing, with a focus on vulnerabilities in the virtualization layer.
2) It proposes a secure model (SVM) using intrusion detection systems to monitor virtual machines and detect attacks. This would help virtual machines resist attacks more efficiently in cloud environments.
3) Some key virtualization vulnerabilities discussed include attacks on hypervisors, compromised isolation between virtual machines, and packet sniffing/spoofing in virtual networks. The proposed SVM model aims to address these issues and secure the virtualization layer in cloud infrastructure.
ISACA Journal Publication - Does your Cloud have a Secure Lining? Shah SheikhShah Sheikh
This document discusses cloud computing and security considerations for organizations adopting cloud services. It makes three key points:
1. Cloud computing provides on-demand delivery of computing resources but also poses new security risks and challenges for organizations related to loss of control of data and infrastructure. A holistic risk management approach is needed.
2. Key security considerations for organizations adopting cloud services include understanding compliance requirements, performing risk assessments of cloud assets, validating information lifecycles, ensuring data security, and establishing security agreements with cloud providers.
3. As organizations lose control of their data and infrastructure in the cloud, new strategies are needed to ensure data portability between cloud providers, availability of audit controls, and proper management of data
Securing IT Against Modern Threats with Microsoft Cloud Security Tools - M365...Michael Noel
Organizations today are facing unprecedented and sophisticated attacks to their internal Information Technology infrastructure. These evolving attacks include spear phishing, ransomware, credential hijacking, and more and can result in significant data loss and/or theft of confidential and valuable intellectual property. In response to these threats, Microsoft has released an array of tools such as Azure Sentinel, Cloud App Security, Microsoft Defender for Identity, and more which can help to secure and protect against these threats. These tools work with both on-premises and cloud-based infrastructure to provide for comprehensive protection of hybrid environments.
This session breaks down each of these Microsoft tools and provides for an understanding of their value for specific security scenarios. A simple, no-marketing approach is taken to evaluating each individual tool, and a simple breakdown of what is provided with each Microsoft licensing model is outlined. Attendees will gain a better appreciation to which tools to utilize and how to better protect their Information Technology investments from the type of career-ending attacks which are unfortunately common today.
• Understand how modern threats such as spear phishing, ransomware, credential hijacking, and more are commonly faced in today’s IT environments and what tools and techniques can be used to mitigate the risk faced by these modern threats
• Examine Microsoft security tools such as Azure Sentinel, Microsoft Defender for Identity, Azure Security Center, Cloud App Security, Azure AD Privileged Identity Management, Azure AD Identity Protection, Azure Information Protection, and more
• Understand which tools are available for each licensing model in the Microsoft world and when it may make sense to ‘upgrade’ existing licenses to support specific toolsets as opposed to investment in third-party tools
IT Security Risk Mitigation Report: Virtualization SecurityBooz Allen Hamilton
Security is a major area of concern for any organization deploying a virtual environment. The introduction of VMs has created security considerations unheard of just a few years ago. This report provides insight into managing these new risks, and shows how Booz Allen’s expertise helps organizations develop comprehensive and secure virtualization solutions that comply with federal security standards.
The document discusses cloud computing security. It outlines 12 major threats to cloud security according to the Cloud Security Alliance, including data breaches, compromised credentials, and denial of service attacks. It also describes security responsibilities for both cloud providers and customers. Effective security requires strong authentication, encryption, logging, vulnerability management, and defining security architectures tailored to the specific cloud platform. With proper precautions, customers can benefit from cloud computing while maintaining adequate security.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new framework called Cloud Information Accountability (CIA) to improve accountability and security in cloud computing systems. The CIA framework uses identity-based encryption, logging of user access in "push" and "pull" modes, and accountability controls to allow data owners to monitor how their data is used in the cloud. This is an improvement over existing systems where data handling is opaque and users lack control. The framework aims to prevent "zombies" or unauthorized access by verifying user identities and logging all access for auditing purposes. It establishes accountability while avoiding interruptions to cloud services and applications.
Ivanti's own healthcare vertical expert will interview an IT leader from William Osler Health System about the unique service management challenges facing healthcare providers today and share the latest on Ivanti Neurons for Healthcare.
The Role of Government in Identity ManagementDon Lovett
Explore the intersection of identity management, government roles and responsibility, and personal control of digital identity. Introduces some of the Linux Foundation work in the Hyperledger Aries Project
9 Things You Need to Know Before Moving to the Cloudkairostech
Cloud computing has emerged and paved its way forward at an unprecedented pace. It has managed to simultaneously transform business and government giving rise to new security challenges. The emergence of the cloud service model provides business supporting technology with an increased efficiency than ever before. The paradigm shift from server to service has revolutionized the way IT departments think, design, and provide computing solutions and applications. Yet, these revolutions have given birth to new security challenges – the full impact of which is yet to be determined.
This document discusses network security solutions from Siemens for industrial environments. It introduces the concepts of industrial security, defense in depth with plant security, system integrity and network security. Network security is a central component and focuses on protecting automation networks through firewalls, secure network segmentation, encryption and authentication. The document provides an overview of the security threats to industrial control systems and recommends implementing network segmentation through protected automation cells using Security Integrated components from Siemens. These components allow secure communication within cells and between cells connected by VPN and firewall protections.
WHITE PAPER: Threats to Virtual Environments - Symantec Security Response TeamSymantec
Virtualization in enterprises has been a growing trend for years, offering attractive opportunities for scaling, efficiency, and flexibility. According to Forrester Research1, over 70 percent of organizations are planning to use server virtualization by the end of 2015.
Often, companies delay implementing virtualization due to security concerns or adopt virtualization before deploying advanced security measures. However, virtual machines and their hosting servers are not immune to attack. Introducing virtualization technology to a business creates new attack vectors that need to be addressed, such as monitoring the virtual networks between virtual machines. We have seen malware specifically designed to compromise virtual machines and have observed attackers directly targeting hosting servers. Around 18 percent of malware detects virtual machines and stops executing if it arrives on one.
Virtual systems are increasingly being used to automatically analyze and detect malware. Symantec has noticed that attackers are creating new methods to avoid this analysis. For example, some Trojans will wait for multiple left mouse clicks to occur before they decrypt themselves and start their payload. This can make it difficult or impossible for an automated system to come to an accurate conclusion about the malware in a short timeframe. Attackers are clearly not ignoring virtual environments in their plans, so these systems need to be protected as well.
This document discusses information security in the datacenter and whether it is an internal affair. It summarizes key findings from 2010-2012 regarding security in virtualized datacenters. The main risks of virtualization in the datacenter are discussed, including loss of separation of duties, vulnerabilities in privileged software layers, incorrect virtual network configuration exposing isolation, and increased impact of denial of service attacks. The document concludes that just because an organization can consolidate servers virtually does not mean it should without understanding additional security risks and mitigations. It also discusses three styles of securing applications in public and private datacenters: relying on infrastructure security, running own controls inside the datacenter, or requiring all controls separate from the datacenter/cloud.
1. Cloud computing provides flexibility and economies of scale but introduces new security risks as sensitive data and infrastructure are placed outside traditional secure perimeters.
2. Traditional security measures like firewalls and intrusion detection become more difficult in cloud environments where virtual machines are dynamically allocated across shared physical servers.
3. Ensuring data integrity, updating security software, complying with regulations, and monitoring administrator access require new solutions to prove security and respond to vulnerabilities in cloud infrastructure and virtual environments.
The benefits of employing virtualization in the corporate data center are compelling – lower operating
costs, better resource utilization, increased availability of critical infrastructure to name just a few. It is an
apparent “no brainer” which explains why so many organizations are jumping on the bandwagon. Industry
analysts estimate that between 60 and 80 percent of IT departments are actively working on server
consolidation projects using virtualization. But what are the challenges for operations and security staff
when it comes to management and ensuring the security of the new virtual enterprise? With new
technology, complexity and invariably new management challenges generally follow.
Over the last 18 months, Prism Microsystems, a leading security information and event management
(SIEM) vendor, working closely with a set of early adopter customers and prospects, has been working on
extending the capability of EventTracker to provide deep support for virtualization, enabling our customers
to get the same level of security for the virtualized enterprise as they have for their non-virtualized
enterprise. This White Paper examines the technology and management challenges that result from
virtualization, and how EventTracker addresses them.
Organizations moving to virtualized platforms need to carefully examine the impact on overall security policy. While virtualization can provide cost savings, it also brings new security risks that must be mitigated. When servers and applications are consolidated onto fewer physical hosts, there is a risk that a single vulnerability or failure could impact multiple systems. Implementing proper access controls, monitoring, and security best practices throughout the virtual infrastructure is important to reduce risks. CIOs must develop strategies to extend existing security policies and controls to the new virtual environment.
This document discusses security challenges and opportunities in virtualized computing environments like cloud computing. It begins by defining key concepts like hypervisors, virtual machines, and security layers. It then explores how traditional network security approaches need to be adapted to the virtual environment. Specifically, it examines how firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention, anti-virus, encryption, and patch management can be implemented as shared security services across virtual machines. The document also discusses challenges around data privacy, incident response, compliance, and service management in virtual environments and how "Security as a Service" approaches could help address some of these issues. In the end, it argues that many security problems posed by virtualization can be solved through adapted traditional methods and emerging standards
IRJET- SAAS Attacks Defense Mechanisms and Digital ForensicIRJET Journal
This document discusses security challenges and digital forensic techniques for Software as a Service (SaaS) applications in cloud computing environments. It first describes SaaS and its benefits and outlines common security issues like data security, application security, and deployment security. It then reviews related work on securing cloud data storage and integrity. Various digital forensic challenges of investigating crimes in cloud environments are discussed, like lack of transparency and complex virtualized systems. A proposed cloud forensic strategy is described to help investigators collect and analyze evidence from cloud systems in an effective manner. Key security attacks on SaaS like SQL injection and cross-site scripting are also mentioned.
- Financial institutions and digital security providers are increasingly taking a military approach to defending against cyber attacks through layered defenses. This involves implementing multiple defensive layers throughout the network like firewalls, routers, intrusion detection, and antivirus software.
- In virtualized and cloud environments, security managers can filter and police traffic at each virtual server to separate and isolate traffic by customer and type. This prevents attacks from impacting host systems and improves efficiency.
- The use of threat intelligence databases that identify dangers on the internet in real-time combined with defensive filtering and blocking at the server level provides an additional layer of security against cyber attacks.
The ultimate guide to cloud computing security-Hire cloud expertChapter247 Infotech
Cloud Computing Security is imperative for the smooth operation of businesses today. According to the latest statistics revealed by International Data Group, almost 70 percent of the businesses today resort to Cloud Computing for handling their crucial business data and manage their business processes. Today, vulnerabilities like data security and network security issues lead to grave business losses if not managed correctly through timely intervention. This is where cloud computing security plays an important role in safeguarding the business information and mitigating the major security risks like cyber-attacks, DDoS attacks, and other enterprise bugs.
Understand what it means to develop a cloud security strategy as a cybersecurity specialist. Gain mastery in core skills via the best cybersecurity certification programs. Becoming a Cloud security professional is made easy with USCSI®.
Read more: https://shorturl.at/lDGL7
Understand what it means to develop a cloud security strategy as a cybersecurity specialist. Gain mastery in core skills via the best cybersecurity certification programs. Becoming a Cloud security professional is made easy with USCSI®.
Read more: https://shorturl.at/lDGL7
Risk Analysis and Mitigation in Virtualized EnvironmentsSiddharth Coontoor
As companies move towards hybrid cloud solution there are still many private cloud solutions still out there. Traditional risk assessment techniques cannot be applied to such virtual servers. This paper is an attempt to identify key assets and assess risks related to these critical assets.
This document discusses practical steps organizations can take to mitigate security risks introduced by virtualization. It outlines seven steps, including securing virtual machine managers, establishing a known and trusted state, and gaining visibility and control over changes. The author argues that configuration control is important for virtual environments, and that Tripwire Enterprise can help implement the seven steps by integrating with systems to maintain visibility and control over the data center.
This document discusses the importance of security for virtual environments. While virtualization can reduce costs, many organizations fail to properly manage and monitor their virtual infrastructures, jeopardizing performance and availability. The document outlines four key factors for securing virtual environments: 1) Treat virtual machines like physical servers and conduct regular security audits, 2) Isolate network traffic between virtual machines, 3) Control access to virtual servers carefully, and 4) Provide training to staff on virtualization security. Proper security practices are needed to avoid breaches and downtime and realize the full benefits of virtualization.
Many organizations fear migrating their applications to the cloud because it can
be an extremely challenging and complex task. This process will require proper
planning, effort, and time in order for it to be successful.
The security measures as well as practices that organizations have built for their
on-premise infrastructure do not coincide with what they require in the cloud,
where everything is deeply integrated.
Before streamlining your workflow with cloud computing, you must be aware of
the most challenging security risks and how to avoid them. Let's explore how
organizations should approach the security aspects of cloud migration, from API
integration to access control and continuous monitoring.
This article will highlight some of the most common fears organizations have
while moving from an on-premise infrastructure to a cloud environment.
Discuss the challenges of maintaining information security at a remo.docxstandfordabbot
Discuss the challenges of maintaining information security at a remote recovery location.
DQ requirement:
Note that the requirement is to post your initial response no later than Sunday and you must post one additional post during the week. I recommend your initial posting to be between 200-to-300 words. The replies to fellow students and to the professor should range between 100-to-150 words. All initial posts must contain a properly formatted in-text citation and scholarly reference.
Reply 1:
Information security at a remote recovery location
Recovery is the act or preparation to overcome the man made or natural disaster.Information Security plays a vital role to overcome the disaster. Even though Information security is important there are lots of challenges in maintaining information security at remote recovery location. In case if information security is not maintained properly then there may chance of vulnerabilities like harmful instruction will delivered. Some other challenges include observing insights, implementing procedures, controlling remote site and making the site aware about the risk. It is difficult to monitor the entire resources towards the center of information security. And also gaining control and implementing process took some time at the remote recovery location. Some of the Major Challenges of maintaining information security are
1) Although remote locations often operate as independent small businesses, there is a constant requirement for sensitive information such as corporate resources, customerrecords, and payment data to be shared between the corporate headquarters and each site. Dangers of sending sensitive communication over the open web present significant security risks. Distributed enterprise organizations need a way to secure all communications between their corporate HQ and remote employee and business locations.
The Possible solution to this challenge is :
Establishing an encrypted network connection, known as a Virtual Private Network (VPN), between the HQ and the remote location, or between two remote locations willensure that all communications are secure.
2) Credit cards have been a convenience to businesses and consumers alike for over 50 years. These small pieces of plastic make transacting easy, but securing those transactions in our connected world is a different story entirely. Purpose-built malware is popping up every day, designed specifically to compromise point of sale (POS) systems.For the Distributed Enterprise, cash-only is simply not an option. Organizations must accept and transmit customer payment information, which creates a unique set of security challenges for both the remote site and the corporate HQ.
The possible solution to this challenge is :
Remote locations that process credit card transactions must utilize best-in-class network security technologies to not only protect and monitor their payment systems, but toalso se.
This document discusses how distributed healthcare networks have become more complex over time as they add security technologies and expand access to comply with standards like PCI DSS and HIPAA. However, breaches still occur, so networks remain vulnerable. It describes challenges like managing many point products across locations. The PCI DSS 3.0 standard is summarized, including new requirements. Finally, it proposes that a unified security platform from MyDigitalShield can help simplify networks and accelerate compliance by consolidating firewall, VPN, and other functions into a single appliance managed centrally.
Cloud Security - Types, Common Threats & Tips To Mitigate.pdfDataSpace Academy
With businesses increasingly relying on the cloud, hackers are fast targeting cloud computing networks. There is an urgent need for robust cloud security measures to keep your network and data safe from prying eyes. The blog begins with a discussion on the significance of cloud security and types of cloud security. It also talks about the common threats faced by a cloud network. The blog further wraps up with a detailed list of the best security practices to follow to ensure a powerful security infrastructure for cloud networks.
Unveiling the Advantages of Agile Software Development.pdfbrainerhub1
Learn about Agile Software Development's advantages. Simplify your workflow to spur quicker innovation. Jump right in! We have also discussed the advantages.
Hand Rolled Applicative User ValidationCode KataPhilip Schwarz
Could you use a simple piece of Scala validation code (granted, a very simplistic one too!) that you can rewrite, now and again, to refresh your basic understanding of Applicative operators <*>, <*, *>?
The goal is not to write perfect code showcasing validation, but rather, to provide a small, rough-and ready exercise to reinforce your muscle-memory.
Despite its grandiose-sounding title, this deck consists of just three slides showing the Scala 3 code to be rewritten whenever the details of the operators begin to fade away.
The code is my rough and ready translation of a Haskell user-validation program found in a book called Finding Success (and Failure) in Haskell - Fall in love with applicative functors.
E-commerce Development Services- Hornet DynamicsHornet Dynamics
For any business hoping to succeed in the digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. We offer Ecommerce Development Services that are customized according to your business requirements and client preferences, enabling you to create a dynamic, safe, and user-friendly online store.
Introducing Crescat - Event Management Software for Venues, Festivals and Eve...Crescat
Crescat is industry-trusted event management software, built by event professionals for event professionals. Founded in 2017, we have three key products tailored for the live event industry.
Crescat Event for concert promoters and event agencies. Crescat Venue for music venues, conference centers, wedding venues, concert halls and more. And Crescat Festival for festivals, conferences and complex events.
With a wide range of popular features such as event scheduling, shift management, volunteer and crew coordination, artist booking and much more, Crescat is designed for customisation and ease-of-use.
Over 125,000 events have been planned in Crescat and with hundreds of customers of all shapes and sizes, from boutique event agencies through to international concert promoters, Crescat is rigged for success. What's more, we highly value feedback from our users and we are constantly improving our software with updates, new features and improvements.
If you plan events, run a venue or produce festivals and you're looking for ways to make your life easier, then we have a solution for you. Try our software for free or schedule a no-obligation demo with one of our product specialists today at crescat.io
Need for Speed: Removing speed bumps from your Symfony projects ⚡️Łukasz Chruściel
No one wants their application to drag like a car stuck in the slow lane! Yet it’s all too common to encounter bumpy, pothole-filled solutions that slow the speed of any application. Symfony apps are not an exception.
In this talk, I will take you for a spin around the performance racetrack. We’ll explore common pitfalls - those hidden potholes on your application that can cause unexpected slowdowns. Learn how to spot these performance bumps early, and more importantly, how to navigate around them to keep your application running at top speed.
We will focus in particular on tuning your engine at the application level, making the right adjustments to ensure that your system responds like a well-oiled, high-performance race car.
Using Query Store in Azure PostgreSQL to Understand Query PerformanceGrant Fritchey
Microsoft has added an excellent new extension in PostgreSQL on their Azure Platform. This session, presented at Posette 2024, covers what Query Store is and the types of information you can get out of it.
Measures in SQL (SIGMOD 2024, Santiago, Chile)Julian Hyde
SQL has attained widespread adoption, but Business Intelligence tools still use their own higher level languages based upon a multidimensional paradigm. Composable calculations are what is missing from SQL, and we propose a new kind of column, called a measure, that attaches a calculation to a table. Like regular tables, tables with measures are composable and closed when used in queries.
SQL-with-measures has the power, conciseness and reusability of multidimensional languages but retains SQL semantics. Measure invocations can be expanded in place to simple, clear SQL.
To define the evaluation semantics for measures, we introduce context-sensitive expressions (a way to evaluate multidimensional expressions that is consistent with existing SQL semantics), a concept called evaluation context, and several operations for setting and modifying the evaluation context.
A talk at SIGMOD, June 9–15, 2024, Santiago, Chile
Authors: Julian Hyde (Google) and John Fremlin (Google)
https://doi.org/10.1145/3626246.3653374
Neo4j - Product Vision and Knowledge Graphs - GraphSummit ParisNeo4j
Dr. Jesús Barrasa, Head of Solutions Architecture for EMEA, Neo4j
Découvrez les dernières innovations de Neo4j, et notamment les dernières intégrations cloud et les améliorations produits qui font de Neo4j un choix essentiel pour les développeurs qui créent des applications avec des données interconnectées et de l’IA générative.
Graspan: A Big Data System for Big Code AnalysisAftab Hussain
We built a disk-based parallel graph system, Graspan, that uses a novel edge-pair centric computation model to compute dynamic transitive closures on very large program graphs.
We implement context-sensitive pointer/alias and dataflow analyses on Graspan. An evaluation of these analyses on large codebases such as Linux shows that their Graspan implementations scale to millions of lines of code and are much simpler than their original implementations.
These analyses were used to augment the existing checkers; these augmented checkers found 132 new NULL pointer bugs and 1308 unnecessary NULL tests in Linux 4.4.0-rc5, PostgreSQL 8.3.9, and Apache httpd 2.2.18.
- Accepted in ASPLOS ‘17, Xi’an, China.
- Featured in the tutorial, Systemized Program Analyses: A Big Data Perspective on Static Analysis Scalability, ASPLOS ‘17.
- Invited for presentation at SoCal PLS ‘16.
- Invited for poster presentation at PLDI SRC ‘16.
Software Engineering, Software Consulting, Tech Lead, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Spring Core, Spring JDBC, Spring Transaction, Spring MVC, OpenShift Cloud Platform, Kafka, REST, SOAP, LLD & HLD.
UI5con 2024 - Keynote: Latest News about UI5 and it’s EcosystemPeter Muessig
Learn about the latest innovations in and around OpenUI5/SAPUI5: UI5 Tooling, UI5 linter, UI5 Web Components, Web Components Integration, UI5 2.x, UI5 GenAI.
Recording:
https://www.youtube.com/live/MSdGLG2zLy8?si=INxBHTqkwHhxV5Ta&t=0
Atelier - Innover avec l’IA Générative et les graphes de connaissancesNeo4j
Atelier - Innover avec l’IA Générative et les graphes de connaissances
Allez au-delà du battage médiatique autour de l’IA et découvrez des techniques pratiques pour utiliser l’IA de manière responsable à travers les données de votre organisation. Explorez comment utiliser les graphes de connaissances pour augmenter la précision, la transparence et la capacité d’explication dans les systèmes d’IA générative. Vous partirez avec une expérience pratique combinant les relations entre les données et les LLM pour apporter du contexte spécifique à votre domaine et améliorer votre raisonnement.
Amenez votre ordinateur portable et nous vous guiderons sur la mise en place de votre propre pile d’IA générative, en vous fournissant des exemples pratiques et codés pour démarrer en quelques minutes.
When it is all about ERP solutions, companies typically meet their needs with common ERP solutions like SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft Dynamics. These big players have demonstrated that ERP systems can be either simple or highly comprehensive. This remains true today, but there are new factors to consider, including a promising new contender in the market that’s Odoo. This blog compares Odoo ERP with traditional ERP systems and explains why many companies now see Odoo ERP as the best choice.
What are ERP Systems?
An ERP, or Enterprise Resource Planning, system provides your company with valuable information to help you make better decisions and boost your ROI. You should choose an ERP system based on your company’s specific needs. For instance, if you run a manufacturing or retail business, you will need an ERP system that efficiently manages inventory. A consulting firm, on the other hand, would benefit from an ERP system that enhances daily operations. Similarly, eCommerce stores would select an ERP system tailored to their needs.
Because different businesses have different requirements, ERP system functionalities can vary. Among the various ERP systems available, Odoo ERP is considered one of the best in the ERp market with more than 12 million global users today.
Odoo is an open-source ERP system initially designed for small to medium-sized businesses but now suitable for a wide range of companies. Odoo offers a scalable and configurable point-of-sale management solution and allows you to create customised modules for specific industries. Odoo is gaining more popularity because it is built in a way that allows easy customisation, has a user-friendly interface, and is affordable. Here, you will cover the main differences and get to know why Odoo is gaining attention despite the many other ERP systems available in the market.
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Mobile App Development Company In Noida | Drona InfotechDrona Infotech
Drona Infotech is a premier mobile app development company in Noida, providing cutting-edge solutions for businesses.
Visit Us For : https://www.dronainfotech.com/mobile-application-development/
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PCI DSS & Virtualization
1. PCI DSS
&
Virtualization
PCI DSS
&
Virtualization
Top Risks
and
Mitigation Strategies
you should be knowing W: www.vistainfosec.com | E:info@vistainfosec.com
US Tel: +1-415-513-5261 | SG Tel: +65-3129-0397 |
IN Tel: +91 73045 57744
An ISO27001 Certified Company, CERT-IN Empanelled, PCI QSA, PCI QPA
USA. SINGAPORE. INDIA. UK. MIDDLE EAST. CANADA.
2. Introduction
PCI DSS & Virtualization
Virtualization is a technology that has greatly ben-
efited businesses around the globe. The technolo-
gy has a significant impact on the modern IT land-
scape and today plays a key role in the develop-
ment and delivery of cloud computing solutions.
However, the adoption of this advanced technolo-
gy has major security implications on businesses
today. The adoption of Virtualization has opened
doors to a broad range of challenges for business-
es in the industry. Especially, for organizations
that are PCI regulated and required to comply
with PCI DSS Standards, the challenges in this
area only seem to grow.
Virtualization is the most trending and highly discussed topic in the area of
digital payments. The technology offers many benefits in terms of reliabili-
ty, cost-efficiency, management, and scalability. However, these benefits
come along with their share of challenges. Virtualized environments pose
a huge security challenge for businesses. Addressing this issue the Pay-
ment Card Industry Security Standards Council released PCI Data Security
Standard Guidelines for Virtualization of System Components. With this,
adapting virtualization for the Cardholder Data Environment (CDE) without
appropriate evaluation and implementation of relevant measures may
result in non-compliance.
The PCI DSS Virtualization guidelines are designed to help merchants
understand and mitigate the security risks in a virtual environment. With
an increasing number of businesses adopting virtualization, it is essential
that such system components comply with PCI DSS. The PCI DSS Virtualiza-
tion Guideline focuses on the different classes of virtualization, and also
suggests how virtual environment should be deployed to comply with PCI
DSS. A cardholder data environment that relies on virtualization can be
effectively secured by implementing operational and process-level securi-
ty controls. That said, businesses must implement necessary information
security controls during the planning, deployment, and maintenance
phase to ensure compliance.
For most businesses, security is clearly the top
priority. More so, for PCI-regulated businesses,
their security teams are expected to tackle sophis-
ticated cyber-attacks and deal with the rapidly
evolving IT infrastructure. So, clearly, with the
increasing adoption of virtualization the funda-
mental implications of security and sustaining
compliance with PCI DSS is a major concern. Cover-
ing top risks of virtualization and mitigation strate-
gies, the article explains various PCI Compliance
challenges and ways to tackle them.
www.vistainfosec.com
3. The PCI DSS Virtualization Guidelines focuses on four principles
for virtualization to meet PCI Standards:
• If virtualization technologies are used in a cardholder data
envi ronment, PCI DSS requirements must be applied.
• Virtualization technologies introduce new risks that may not
be relevant to other technologies.
• Businesses must perform thorough due diligence to identify
and document their virtualized implementations, including all
interactions with payment transaction processes.
• Depending upon how virtualization is used and implemented,
specific controls and procedures will vary for each environment.
Organizations should consult experts before adopting the technology for
their digital payment environment. Understanding the implications and
risk involved is critical for achieving compliance. That said, given below
are some of the security and
compliance challenges of implementing
Virtualization.
Security and Compliance Challenges
of Virtualized Environment
Virtualization offers a range of benefits to
businesses, enabling a great level of flexibili
ty, efficiency, and scalability in their IT infrastructure. However, for organiza-
tions that are required to manage and secure sensitive data, virtualized
environments pose a host of challenges as mentioned below.
1. Vulnerabilities in the Physical Environment Apply in a Virtual
Environment
Physical threats and vulnerabilities also apply to virtual implementations.
Similar to the attacks and vulnerabilities that exist in physical infrastructure,
virtual systems and networks are also subject to the same vulnerabilities.
So, for instance, applications that have configuration flaws or vulnerabilities
will also have those in the virtual implementation when installed. Another
good example of this would be a poorly configured virtual firewall that can
expose systems to a range of internet-based attacks which is similar to
the possible threats resulting due to the misconfiguration on a physi-
cal firewall. So, the even most securely configured virtual systems and
networks will still need implementation of physical security controls
for the protection of hardware. For these reasons, hardware systems
cannot be completely off guard when it comes to securing systems
and infrastructure.
2. Hypervisor creates a new attack surface
The hypervisor also known as Virtual Machine Monitor provides a
single point of access into the virtual environment. So, misconfigura-
tion of the hypervisor can result in security failure of all virtual ma-
chines hosted on it. So, no matter how secure the individual virtual ma-
chines or components may be configured, a compromised hypervisor
can expose systems to risk and also unauthorized access to the sensi-
tive virtual system. Further, the hypervisor may also create a new
attack surface and open doors to direct attacks.
Any vulnerabilities in hypervisor isolation technology, access controls,
security hardening, and patching can result in attackers exploiting and
gaining access to VMs. So, unless appropriately configured and access
is restricted to least privilege, even a secure hypervisor can potentially
be exploited.
3. Increased Complexity of Virtualized Systems and Networks
Virtualization can encompass both systems and networks which may
involve the transmission of data through the hypervisor, or even over
virtual network connections or through virtual network security like
virtual firewalls. While such configurations provide operational bene-
fits, but it also increases the complexity of system/network
www.vistainfosec.com
4. functioning. That said, it will accordingly require additional security con-
trols and complex policy management to ensure appropriate imple-
mentation of security at each level. Increased complexity and added
potential vulnerabilities in virtual operating systems and applications,
may result in misconfiguration or creating new threat surface unfore-
seen by the system designers. Such vulnerabilities could result in signifi-
cant compromise across the entire virtual and physical environment as
well.
4. More Than One Function per Physical System
In the virtual environment compromise in even one virtual system func-
tion could result in compromise of other functions on the same physi-
cal system. Compromised Virtual Machines may use virtualization-layer
communication mechanisms to launch attacks on other Virtual Ma-
chines on the same host or even the hypervisor. So, these multiple func-
tions hosted on one system increase the possible scope of compromise
should an attacker gain physical access to the host system. While the
Virtualization technology may mitigate the risk by segregation of differ-
ent functions, yet one must consider the risk associated with locating
multiple functions or components on a single physical system.
The lower level security control can be easily com-
promised resulting in opening doors to the high-
er-risk and exposure to even sensitive Virtual Ma-
chines on the same system. So technically hosting
Virtual Machines of different security levels on the same hypervisor or
host reduces the overall security for all components. With increased risks
and configuration challenges, the security and risk level associated with
each Virtual Machine function should be considered when designing the
virtualized system. Further systems that store cardholder data require a
higher security level than the ones having non-sensitive data stored.
6. Lack of Separation of Duties-
In a virtualized environment having access to the hypervisor would mean
gaining access to a broad range of systems, networks, and key infrastruc-
ture components. This may include access to switches, firewalls, payment
applications, log-aggregation servers, databases, etc. Such increased
access to multiple virtual devices and functions from a single logical
5. Mixing VMs of Different Trust Levels
There is always
a huge risk of
hosting multiple
Virtual Machines
with different levels
of security on the
same host. This
needs careful
evaluation because
a Virtual Machine
with a lower level of
security controls can
also impact the
security of Virtual Machines with higher security controls.
location or a user can result in a security collapse. This is why defining
www.vistainfosec.com
5. separate roles/duties is crucial in a virtual environment. But defining
roles and maintaining separate authority for access can be very challeng-
ing. For instance, having a separate role defined for network administra-
tor and server administrator and having different access policies across
the distributed virtualized environment can be very difficult. Here the
risk of failing to appropriately define roles and access policies can result
in a significant security compromise.
7. Dormant Virtual Machines
Virtualized platforms often house dormant Virtual Machines that may
no longer be in use. These dormant machines could however still have
several sensitive data such as authentication credentials, encryption
keys, or critical configuration information stored in them. Since the ma-
chines are not in use they may often be overlooked and inadvertently
left out of scope during the security procedures. Sensitive data captured
in its dormant state results in unintentional storage and only gets discov-
ered in an event of a data breach. Further, Inactive machines get neglect-
ed and likely not be updated with the latest security patches, resulting in
the system being exposed to known vulnerabilities and organizations
unaware of the same. Such machines are also most likely to
have not been included in the updated access policies and may
also be excluded from security and monitoring procedures.
Looking at this, it is clear that inactive Virtual Machines create a
viable security threat. For these reasons it should be identified
and tracked so appropriate security controls can be applied.
8. Virtual Machine Images and Snapshots
Virtual Machine images and snapshots quickly deploy or
restore virtual systems across multiple hosts within a short
period. However, these VM images and snapshots may capture
sensitive data present on the system at the time the image was taken,
including contents of active memory. This could result in the inadvertent
capture, storage, or even deployment of sensitive information through-
out the environment. Moreover, if such images are not appropriately
secured can result in modification, unauthorized access, and insertion of
vulnerabilities or malicious code into the image. This could then further
lead to deployment of vulnerabilities throughout the environment lead-
ing to rapid compromise of multiple hosts.
9. Immaturity of Monitoring Solutions
While virtualization offers benefits in terms of operational efficiency and
management yet it falls short of technology and solutions for monitoring
and logging virtual environment. The tools to monitor the virtual net-
works, virtual firewalls, virtual compliance systems, etc. are not as
mature as their physical counterparts. They do not provide the same
level of insight or monitoring within intra-host communications or traffic
flowing between Virtual Machines on a virtual network. Specialized tools
for monitoring and logging virtual environments are required to capture
the level of detail from multiple systems and network components,
including hypervisors, management interfaces, virtual machines, host
www.vistainfosec.com
6. systems, and virtual appliances.
10. Information Leakage between Virtual Network Segments
The potential risks of information leakage between logical network seg-
ments should be understood when considering network virtualization.
Information leakage at the data plane results in sensitive data existing
outside of known locations, circumventing the data protection controls
that would otherwise apply. Information leakage at the control plane or
management plane can be exploited to enable information leakage at
the data plane or to influence network routes and forwarding behavior
to bypass network-based security controls. Ideally, virtualization capabili-
ties at all three planes of operation in the network infrastructure should
provide controls and features to secure the virtualized infrastructure at
a level equivalent to individual physical devices.
11. Information Leakage between Virtual Components
Information leakage between virtual networks can occur when there are
multiple access granted for components on the same host. One compro-
mised component can result in an attacker gaining access to other com-
ponents in the same host. This can result in gaining access to sensitive
information from multiple components and potentially leading to fur-
ther compromise. Even a misconfigured hypervisor can lead to informa-
tion leakage between hosted virtual components and networks. It is
therefore essential that all physical resources such as memory, CPU, net-
work, are isolated to prevent information leakage between Virtual Ma-
chines and other components or networks on the same host.
With this, the PCI Council has provided recommendations and standards
for best practices to implement for the virtual environment to ensure
PCI DSS Compliance and for risk mitigation. Given below are some of the
recommendations outlined in the official guide.
General Recommendations for Risk Mitigation
1. Evaluate risks associated with virtual technologies-
Entities should first evaluate the risks concerning the implementation of
virtual technology in their environment. The technology should be only
deployed after considering all the pros and cons of virtual solutions and
after defining a set of effective systems, applications, data, and environ-
mental controls for the same. The risk evaluation and management
should be accurately documented as part of this risk assessment pro-
cess to ensure that all risk areas are identified and appropriately mitigat-
ed. Risk Assessment should be an ongoing annual process for Virtual-
ized environments and system components.
2. Understand the Impact of Virtualization to scope of the CDE
Virtualization makes systems and network configurations complicated.
Consolidating the environment into one or more physical hardware plat-
forms makes it difficult to determine the boundaries or scope of the
Cardholder Data Environment. For these reasons, the scope of PCI DSS
across virtual components must be thoroughly evaluated, verified, and
documented. The environment should be evaluated using the guidance
provided in the Scope of Assessment for Compliance with PCI DSS
Requirements. Designing virtualized components need careful attention
and consideration, taking into account even components out of scope to
meet the PCI DSS security requirements. This will provide a secure base-
line for the entire virtual environment and also reduce the overall com-
plexity and risk associated with managing multiple security profiles. It
also lowers the additional effort required to maintain and validate com-
pliance of the in-scope components. So, it is technically recommended
that any part or components on a single hypervisor should be consid-
ered in-scope to ensure tight security measures for the environment.
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7. nel should also be a part of a defense-in-depth approach to secure the
virtual environment. Adopting a defense-in-depth approach that encom-
passes preventive, detective, and responsive controls is the best prac-
tice for securing data and other virtual systems and networks of an orga-
nization.
5. Isolate Security Functions
The security features for the virtual machine should be implemented
the same way as for the physical environment. In fact, it is recommend-
ed that the security requirement to be enforced for the virtualized
system should be stringent, especially in a way that it complicates the
efforts required by an attacker to compromise multiple Cardholder
Data Environment system components. There should be multiple layers
of security with the level of isolation between security functions in a way
that they can be considered as being installed on separate machines.
For instance security controls, processes controlling network segmenta-
tion, and the log aggregation function that would detect tampering of
network segmentation controls should not be combined and should
implement each security function in isolation. This strengthens the
defense against unknown threats and makes hacking complicated for
the attacker.
3. Restrict Physical Access
Hosting multiple components on one physical system could greatly
increase the possibility of unauthorized access to that host system.
Therefore physical access controls are essential in virtualized environ-
ments to strengthen the security measures and mitigate the associated
risks. Entities must consider the potential risk and impact of an unautho-
rized or malicious individual gaining simultaneous access to all virtual
machines, networks, security devices, applications, and hypervisors on
a single host. It is also important to ensure all the unused physical inter-
faces are disabled, and physical or console-level access is restricted and
monitored.
4. Implement Defence in Depth
Implementing defense-in-depth for a virtualized environment is crucial.
Appropriate security controls should be identified and implemented in
a virtualized environment that provides the same level and depth of
security as in a physical environment. Entities must consider implement-
ing security controls to each technical layer, including physical device,
hypervisor, host platform, guest operating systems, VMs, perimeter net-
work, intra-host network, application, and data layers. Further, physical
controls, documented policies and procedures, and training of person
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8. 6. Enforce Least Privilege and Separation of Duties
Entities should enforce limited access controls for administrative access
to the hypervisor. This should be implemented depending on the level
of risk exposure evaluated in the environment. Entities should consider
implementing two-factor authentication or establish dual or split-con-
trol of administrative passwords between multiple administrators. Fur-
ther, access controls for both local and remote access to the hypervisor
and management system should be periodically assessed. For every
virtual component appropriate role-based access controls (RBAC) and
separation of duties must be established to prevent unauthorized
access to resources. Administrative privileges should also be appropri-
ately segregated or it may result in undetected tampering and data loss.
As a best practice, administrative access should be restricted based on
specific virtual machine functions, virtual networks, hypervisor, hard-
ware, application, and data storage.
7. Evaluate Hypervisor Technologies
Testing the security of the hypervisor before deployment is highly rec-
ommended. There should also be appropriate patch management and
other security controls in place to respond to threats and exploits. Enti-
ties must identify and implement technologies that facilitate strong secu-
rity practices as not all hypervisors or virtual machine management
have the functionality to support appropriate security controls.
8. Harden the Hypervisor
Hypervisor platforms should be deployed in a secure manner adopting
the industry-d best practices and security guidelines. Careful manage-
ment of virtual system configurations, patching, and change-control pro-
cesses are essential to ensure that all hypervisor changes are moni-
tored, authorized, fully tested, and carefully controlled. Due to the poten-
tial severity of a hypervisor compromise, patches, and other mitigating
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9. • Removal of unnecessary interfaces, ports, devices, and services,
• Ensure secure configuration of all virtual network interfaces and
storage areas.
• Limit the usage on virtual machines, and ensure hardening of
operating systems and applications in a virtual machine.
• Send logs to separate, secured storage as close to real-time
• Validate the integrity of the cryptographic key-management
operations;
• Harden individual virtual hardware and containers;
• Other security controls as applicable.
controls should be deployed as soon as possible whenever new
security vulnerabilities are discovered and include immediate testing
for the vulnerability to confirm the risk has been addressed. Because
the hypervisor represents a single point of failure, an unauthorized or
malicious modification could threaten the integrity of all hosted sys-
tems in the environment. Other additional controls recommended for
the hypervisor and significant management tools include implement-
ing restricted administrative functions, multi-factor authentication for
all administrative functions, separate administrative functions,
monitor audit logs to identify suspicious activities, separate duties
10. Define Appropriate Use of Management Tools
Management tools allow administrators to perform system back-up,
restore, remote connectivity, migration, and configuration changes to
virtual systems. Since Management tools directly impact
the security and functioning of the in-scope compo-
nents they should also be considered in scope. More-
over, entities should enforce limited access to
management tools based on the job requirement.
Segregation of roles and responsibilities is highly
recommended for management tool functions, and
the use of management tools should be regularly
monitored and logged for enhanced security.
11. Recognize the Dynamic Nature of Virtual
Machines
for administrative functions, and verify securi-
ty control solution support virtualization to
minimize the risk of compromise to the hyper-
visor.
9. Harden Virtual Machines & Other
Components
Every virtual machine must be installed and
configured securely in accordance with the
industry best practices and security guide-
lines. The recommendations provided for
hardening the hypervisor are also applicable
to all virtual machines and components. Fur-
ther, every security control implementations
should be evaluated individually to confirm.
Virtual Machines are data that can reside in an active state on
a hypervisor or in a dormant state. Dormant VMs may possi-
bly contain sensitive information and other virtual device con-
figuration details. So implementing measures for access to
dormant VMs should therefore be restricted, monitored, and carefully
controlled. Inactive VMs should be secured equally with the same level
of sensitivity and have the same safeguards as any other cardholder
data store. Further, entities should evaluate migration paths of inactive
VMs, take backups of VMs (active VMs, and inactive VMs) and securely
delete the data when no longer needed. Implementing an effective
change-management, monitoring, and alerting processes is essential
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10. to ensure only authorized VM’s are added to and removed from the envi-
ronment, and all related activities are recorded and monitored.
12. Evaluate Virtualized Network Security Features
Effective security measures at the data plane, control plane, and manage-
ment plane should be implemented for any deployment of virtualized
network infrastructure. This minimizes the possibility of direct and indi-
rect vulnerability impact on all three operational planes and compromise
of the virtual network devices. It is important to ensure that the underly-
ing physical components are adequately isolated and secured leaving no
scope or path between virtual network devices for vulnerabilities to per-
colate. Entities must maintain security isolation between virtualized net-
work devices in a way that virtual systems are treated as separate hard-
ware. Every virtualized device should have independent access-con-
trolled configurations. Further, the audit trails for virtual infrastructures
should be detailed in a way that facilitates the identification of access
and activities performed on every virtual component. Not just that, the
access controls implemented should be the least privilege for each
device and across the entire platform.
13. Clearly define all Hosted Virtual Services
In cases where entities use shared hosting where the service providers
virtualize their offerings, provisioning separate workloads to customers
rather than provisioning separate physical systems, the entities should
ensure there is an enforcement of administrative, process, and technical
segmentation to isolate every hosted entity’s environment. This isolation
should include the implementation of all PCI DSS controls, including but
not limited to segmented authentication, network and access controls,
encryption, and logging. It is also critical to ensure that all responsibilities
for maintaining controls that could affect the security or integrity of sensi-
tive data or that could impact the entity’s PCI DSS compliance should be
well-defined and documented in a formal agreement.
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11. Conclusion
Entities need to understand that there is no specific solution for securing
data in a virtualized environment. However, as outlined in the PCI DSS
standard guidelines, it is a mandate to implement all the 12 require-
ments including the use of firewalls, encryption, prohibition of direct
public access to the Internet, system hardening, deploying antivirus, and
two-factor authentication for remote access, logging, and intrusion-pre-
vention systems in the virtual and cloud environments. Neglecting these
requirements will result in heavy penalties such as fines, increased trans-
action fees, or even losing the right to access a payment card network’s
resources. The process may seem quite complicated for entities to imple-
ment PCI compliance in a virtual environment. So, it is highly recom-
mended that entities obtain professional guidance to make it a has-
sle-free process. An experienced professional can perform a PCI gap
assessment that addresses specific requirements for application, net-
work, physical, and database compliance and accordingly guide entities
in implementing security measures and achieve PCI compliance for virtu-
al and cloud environment.
14. Understand the technology
Virtualized environments are very different from the traditional
physical environment. So entities must understand the virtualiza-
tion technology to effectively evaluate and secure their environ-
ment. Entities must also be aware of the industry best practice
and guidelines for securing virtualized environments. Entities
must take guidance from insightful resources and publication like
The Center for Internet Security (CIS), International Organization
for Standardization (ISO), ISACA (formerly the Information Sys-
tems Audit and Control Association), National Institute of Stan-
dards Technology (NIST), SysAdmin Audit Network Security (SANS)
Institute to name a few for effective implementation of security
controls and standards.
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12. VISTA lnfoSec is a Global Cyber Security
Consulting firm offering exceptional Cyber Security
Consulting & Audit Service, Regulatory & Compliance
Consulting Services and Infrastructure Advisory Solu-
tions. With strong industrial presence since 2004, we
have been serving clients from across the world with our
robust, end-to-end security services and solutions. We
are a 100% vendor neutral company with strict no out-
sourcing policy and built on our core values of strict code
of ethics, transparency and professionalism.
About Us
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