Learning is the acquisition and development of knowledge and behaviors through experience or education. It results in relatively permanent changes in behavior. Classical conditioning is a form of learning where a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a reflexive response, resulting in the neutral stimulus also producing the response. The process involves an unconditioned stimulus that triggers an unconditioned response, and through repeated pairing, a previously neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus that elicits the conditioned response.

1. Definition of learning- is the acquisition and development of
memories and behaviors, including skills, knowledge,
understanding, values and wisdom. It is the goal of education,
and the product of experience. It is therefore a relatively
permanent change in behavior.
HOW DO WE LEARN?
Classical Conditioning

2. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Russian Physiologist

3. Operates on the principle of “ Stimulus- Response.”
In psychology, a stimulus is any object or event that
elicits a sensory or behavioral response in an
organism. In perceptual psychology, a stimulus is an
energy change (e.g., light or sound) which is
registered by the senses (e.g., vision, hearing, taste,
etc.) and constitutes the basis for perception.

4. Operates on the principle of “ Stimulus- Response.”
The term response in psychology refers to
a behavior that was the result of a
stimulus.

5. Fear of something that was caused by
painful experience in the past is an
example of Classical Conditioning.

6. Operates on the principle of “ Stimulus- Response.”

7. This theory implies that learner respond
to environmental stimuli
Individual Learns to behave through conditioning.

8. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
A type of conditioned learning which occurs because
of the subject’s instinctive responses, as opposed to
operant conditioning, which is contingent on the
willful actions of the subject. It was developed by
the Russian Physiologist Ivan Pavlov
It involves forming an association between two stimuli
resulting in a learned response.

9. Classical Conditioning is a type of learning, that
generalizes association between two stimuli, i.e.
one signifies the occurrence of another. ... In
classical conditioning, the responses of the
organism, are under the control of the stimulus,
whereas in operant conditioning, the responses
are controlled by the organism.

10. Pavlov presented food to dogs
Dog’s mouth water
Pavlov rang the bell
Dog’s mouth did not water
Pavlov presented the food and
rang the bell to dog-
Dog’s mouth water
Pavlov rang the bell without food to present-
Dog’s mouth water
Conditioned response

11. Conditioned stimulus – previously neutral stimulus after
becoming associated with unconditioned stimulus, and
eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Suppose that when you smelled your favorite food,
you also heard the sound of a whistle.
While whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food,
if the sound whistle was paired multiple times with the smell,
the sound eventually trigger the conditioned response.
In this case, the sound of a whistle is the conditioned stimulus.
 Neutral Stimuli – does not elicit response

12. Conditioned Response- the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus.
In our own example, the conditioned response would be feeling hungry when
you heard the sound of whistle.

13. Unconditioned Stimulus- one that unconditionally,
naturally, and automatically triggers a response.
For example:
When you smell one of your favourite
foods, you may immediately feel hungry.
In this example, the smell of the food is
the unconditioned Stimulus.

14. Unconditioned Response- on the unlearned response
that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned
Stimulus.
In our example
The feeling hunger in response to
the smell of the food is the
Unconditioned Response

15. Key Principles of Classical Conditioning
ACQUISITION
EXTINCTION
SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY
STIMULUS GENERALIZATION
DISCRIMINATION
First stage of learning. Period when stimulus comes to evoke response
Occurrence or decreases response/ Conditioned stimulus is no longer paired.
Reappearance of the conditioned response after a
rest period or lessened response
Tendency for conditioned stimulus to evoke
Similar response after the response has been conditioned.
Ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus
and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

16. This theory implies that learner respond
to environmental stimuli
Individual Learns to behave through conditioning.

17. Stimulus – Generalization – a process by which the conditioned response
transfers to other stimuli that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus.
Ex. stern teacher • A child should be convinced that not all teachers in school
are bad or anything that associates to school matters are bad.
Discrimination – a process by which one learns not to respond to similar
stimuli in an identical manner because of previous experiences. • Help the child
to distinguish the difference between two or three identical stimuli or to
discriminate their distinct differences.
Extinction – a process by which a conditioned response is lost.
Ex. anxiousness • Fear of anxiety towards a terror teacher gradually vanishes if
in the succeeding days you experience pleasant treatment with the teacher.
Prof. UY

18. Learning is the changing of behavior in
response to experience and comes in a number
of forms, each of which operates according to
distinct principles.
Classical conditioning is the process of
repeatedly pairing an original (unconditioned)
stimulus, which naturally produces a reflexive
(unconditioned) response, with a new (neutral)
stimulus, such that the new stimulus produces
the same response.
Reflections
FACILITATING OF LEARNING

19. 1. Mr. Uy claps his hands and his students immediately become silent. What is
the clap?
 Conditioned stimulus
 Unconditioned stimulus
 Generalized stimulus
 Conditioned response

20. 2 Macey was walking by the road to buy vinegar. Suddenly, a green
snake bit her right foot and left her very terrified for the rest of the
day. Since that incident, she has held immense fear towards all
snakes. What concept is best illustrated in this scenario?
stimulus generalization
associative learning
stimulus discrimination
stimulating stimulus

21. 3 A group of ranchers attempts to discourage coyotes from attacking
their sheep by placing a substance on the wool of the sheep that makes
coyotes violently ill if they eat it. Very quickly, the coyotes avoid the
sheep entirely. In this scenario, what are the UCS, CS, and CR,
respectively?
 The substance, the sheep’s wool, aversion to the sheep
 The sheep’s wool, the substance, aversion to sheep
 Aversion to sheep, the substance, the sheep’s wool

22. 4 which of the following is true of classical conditioning?
 UCS produces UCR
 CR produces the CS
 UCR produces the CS
 CS produces the UCS

23. 5 Dylan’s mother buys him a sailor’s cap before they go on
a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated
and vomits. The next day he gets nauseated just from
looking at the sailor’s cap. The sailor’s cap has become:
 The unconditioned stimulus
 The conditioned stimulus
 The conditioned response
 The unconditioned response

24. 6 Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a whistle, the
whistle was a(n)
 unconditioned stimulus
 neutral stimulus
 conditioned stimulus
 unconditioned response

25. 7 The conditioned stimulus (CS):
is the response to the US.
is originally the neutral stimulus that gains the power to cause the CR.
triggers an unconditioned response reflexively or automatically when the CR
happens.
is what triggers the US to occur.
1.A
2. B
3. A
4.A
5. B
6. B

26. 8 The conditioned response (CR) is the usually
the same as the
CS
 US
 UR
CR
9 After Classical conditioning, the Neutral Stimulus (NS) becomes
the:
Unconditioned response
Unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus
Conditioned response

28. BF.Skinner