This document discusses various hazards faced by healthcare workers and methods to control risks. It addresses bloodborne pathogens, chemical exposures, musculoskeletal disorders, and infectious diseases. For each hazard, it lists elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment as approaches to risk control. Examples are provided such as proper sharps disposal, infection control training, patient lifting devices, negative pressure isolation rooms, and PPE like gloves and gowns. The overall purpose is to outline major occupational health and safety issues in healthcare and approaches to mitigate risks.

1. GROUP HAZARD
HAZARDS IN
WORKPLACE AND
HIERARCHY OF RISK
CONTROL

2. BLOODBORNE
01
CHEMICAL
02
MUSCLE
DISEASE
03
HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
INFECTIONS
DISEASE
04

3. HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS (BIOLOGICAL HAZARD)
HEALTHCARE WORKERS ARE AT RISK OF EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS THROUGH
ACCIDENTAL NEEDLESTICKS, SPLASHES OF BLOOD OR OTHER BODILY FLUIDS, OR OTHER MEANS
OF EXPOSURE. • EXAMPLE HIV. HIV CAN SURVIVE IN A USED SYRINGE FOR UP TO 42 DAYS, DEPENDING ON
TEMPERATURE AND OTHER FACTORS.
 RISK CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION: ONE WAY TO ELIMINATE THE RISK OF EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
IS TO ENSURE THAT SHARPS AND OTHER CONTAMINATED MATERIALS ARE PROPERLY
DISPOSED OF IN PUNCTURE-RESISTANT CONTAINERS ( SHARP BIN) (DISPOSE ¾)
2. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: HEALTHCARE WORKERS CAN RECEIVE TRAINING ON THE USE
OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE), SAFE WORK PRACTICES, AND THE PROPER
HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF SHARPS. • (INFECTION CONTROL TRAINING BY INSTRUCTOR 2
TIMES A YEAR)
3. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): GLOVES, GOWNS, MASKS, AND EYE PROTECTION
CAN HELP PREVENT EXPOSURE TO BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS. (SOP)
HAZARD

4. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS HAZARD AND
RISK CONTROL
POSTER

5. HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
CHEMICAL EXPOSURES(CHEMICAL HAZARDS)
HEALTHCARE WORKERS MAY BE EXPOSED TO A VARIETY OF CHEMICALS, INCLUDING CLEANING AGENTS, DISINFECTANTS, AND
DRUGS. EXPOSURE CAN OCCUR THROUGH INHALATION, SKIN CONTACT, OR INGESTION.
 RISK CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION: ONE WAY TO ELIMINATE CHEMICAL EXPOSURES IS TO USE LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS OR ALTERNATIVE
METHODS OF CLEANING AND DISINFECTION.
2. SUBSTITUTION: SWITCHING TO LESS HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS OR ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS CAN HELP REDUCE EXPOSURE.
3. ENGINEERING CONTROLS: EXAMPLES OF ENGINEERING CONTROLS INCLUDE USING LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEMS OR
ENCLOSING THE AREA WHERE HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS ARE USED TO REDUCE THE RISK OF EXPOSURE.
4. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: PROVIDING TRAINING ON THE SAFE USE AND HANDLING OF CHEMICALS, IMPLEMENTING PROPER
LABELING AND STORAGE, AND ENSURING PROPER VENTILATION ARE ALL ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS THAT CAN HELP REDUCE
EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS.
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): GLOVES, GOWNS, MASKS, AND EYE PROTECTION CAN HELP PREVENT EXPOSURE TO
HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS
HAZARD

6. CHEMICAL EXPOSURES AND RISK CONTROL

7. HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (ERGONOMIC HAZARD)
HEALTHCARE WORKERS MAY BE AT RISK OF DEVELOPING MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSDS) DUE TO THE
PHYSICAL DEMANDS OF THEIR WORK, INCLUDING LIFTING AND TRANSFERRING PATIENTS, AWKWARD POSTURES, AND
REPETITIVE MOTIONS.
 RISK CONTROL
1. ELIMINATION: ONE WAY TO ELIMINATE THE RISK OF MSDS IS TO USE PATIENT LIFTS OR OTHER ASSISTIVE DEVICES TO
REDUCE MANUAL LIFTING AND TRANSFER. ( LIFTING DEVICES)
2. SUBSTITUTION: USING LIGHTER-WEIGHT EQUIPMENT OR ADJUSTABLE EQUIPMENT THAT FITS THE USER CAN HELP
REDUCE THE RISK OF MSDS. ( HYDRAULIC PATIENT TRANSFER STRETCHER)
3. ENGINEERING CONTROLS: EXAMPLES OF ENGINEERING CONTROLS INCLUDE ADJUSTING THE HEIGHT OF WORK
SURFACES OR USING ERGONOMIC EQUIPMENT TO REDUCE THE RISK OF MSDS. (DEVICES)
4. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: PROPER TRAINING ON SAFE LIFTING TECHNIQUES, IMPLEMENTING SAFE PATIENT
HANDLING POLICIES, AND ENCOURAGING REST BREAKS CAN HELP REDUCE THE RISK OF MSDS.
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE): BACK BELTS OR OTHER SUPPORTIVE EQUIPMENT CAN HELP REDUCE THE
RISK OF MSDS. ( BACKBONE PROTECTION)
HAZARD

8. MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND RISK
CONTROL
manual Patient lifting devices Hydraulic stretcher

9. HAZARD AND RISK CONTROL
INFECTIOUS DISEASES (BIOLOGICAL)
HEALTHCARE WORKERS MAY BE EXPOSED TO A VARIETY OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INCLUDING
AIRBORNE DISEASES SUCH AS TUBERCULOSIS, AS WELL AS OTHER COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
SUCH AS INFLUENZA.
 RISK FACTOR
1. ELIMINATION: ISOLATING PATIENTS WITH HIGHLY INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN SPECIALIZED
ROOMS OR UNITS CAN HELP ELIMINATE THE SPREAD OF DISEASE. (REDUCE CONTACT AND
SPREADING DISEASE)
2. SUBSTITUTION: USING ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS OR DIAGNOSTIC TESTS THAT ARE LESS
LIKELY TO SPREAD DISEASE CAN HELP REDUCE THE RISK OF EXPOSURE. (ISOLATION WITH
SELF CARE TREATMENT)
3. ENGINEERING CONTROLS: USING AIR FILTRATION SYSTEMS CAN HELP REDUCE THE SPREAD
OF AIRBORNE DISEASES. (NEGATIVE PRESSURE)
4. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS: PROVIDING TRAINING ON INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES,
SUCH AS HAND HYGIENE AND RESPIRATORY ETIQUETTE, AND IMPLEMENTING POLICIES FOR
SICK LEAVE AND ISOLATION CAN HELP REDUCE THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
5. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
HAZARD

10. INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND RISK CONTROL

11. THANK YOU