This PPT covers the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory bowel disease. It includes Pathophysiology of Crohns disease and Ulcerative Collitis

1. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
PREPARED BY: JEGAN. S. NADAR

2. ❖ IBD is inflammation of GIT that exist in two form
❑ Crohn’s disease
❑ Ulcerative collitis
❖ CD and UC is a relapsing and remitting condition characterized by chronic
inflammation at various site in GIT that results in diarrhea and abdominal
pain
CROHN’S DISEASE
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5. CROHN’S DISEASE

6. ❖ Inflammation of any part of GIT which extends from mucosa, through submucosa,
muscularis and serosa
❖ Different types of CD
➢Crohn’s ileitis (35%)
➢Crohn’s ileocolitis (45%)
➢Crohn’s colitis (20%)
➢Crohn’s jejunolitis
CROHN’S DISEASE
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7. ❖ Inflammation results from cell mediated immune response in GIT
❖ Normal intestinal Flora triggers immune reaction in patients with
malfunctioning genetic predisposition
❖ Immune reaction involves release of
➢ Cytokines
➢ Interleukins
➢ Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
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10. ❖ Granulomas can occur in lymph nodes, peritoneum liver and all layer of
bowel wall.
❖ Segments of diseased bowel are sharply demarcated from adjacent normal
bowel (not infected)
❖ Hence this disease also known as regional enteritis
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12. ❖ Chronic diarrhea
❖ Abdominal pain
❖ Anorexia
❖ Weight loss
❖ Fissures
❖ Fistulas
❖ Arthritis
❖ Pyoderma gangrenosum
❖ uveitis
SYMPTOMS EXTRAINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS
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14. ❖ Abdominal CT Scan
❖ Barium X-Ray
DIAGNOSIS
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15. TREATMENT
Corticosteroid
Metronidazole
Surgery
5-amino
Salicyclic
Acid
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16. ULCERATIVE COLLITIS
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17. ❖ It is the inflammation of mucosa of colon and rectum,usually accompanied by
rectal bleeding.
ULCERATIVE COLLITIS
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18. ➢ Ulcerative Proctitis
➢ Ulcerative Left-side Colitis
➢ Ulcerative Pancolitis
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ULCERATIVE COLLITIS
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20. ❖ The cause of UC remains unknown
❖ A no. of findings in recent years point to an over stimulation or inadequate
regulation of mucosal immune system as major pathophysiological pathway.
❖ There are also various bacteria which are associated with UC
➢ E.coli
➢ Diplostreptococcus
➢ Clostridium difficile
➢ Shigella species
➢ Yersinia Species
CAUSE
Jegan Nadar

21. When disease is active
Lamia propria becomes heavily
infiltrated with mix. of acute and
chronic inflamm. cells.
Increase in mucosal IgG
production, complement
activation,activation of
macrophages and T-cells
Release of various mediators like,
Cytokines, kinins, leukotriens, PAF,
ROS
Inflammation and increased
epithelium permeability which
will lead to ischemia
ULCERATIVE
COLLITIS
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22. Bacterial components
Activation of intestinal
immune and epithelial cell
Release of cytokines, ROS,
NO, Protease, Eicosanoids
Intestinal mucosal damage
ULCERATIVE COLLITIS Jegan Nadar

23. Activates
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24. ❖ The inflammation of UC affects mostly mucosa and submucosa
❖ The mucous membrane become
Friable and loss
of normal
vascular pattern
Erythematous
Finely
granular
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25. SYMPTOMS
BLOODY
DIARRHEA
ABDOMINAL
CRAMP
VOMMITINGNAUSEA
PAIN
Extra intestinal symptoms
➢ Pyoderma Gangrenosum
➢ Uvetis
➢ Arthritis
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26.  Barium X-ray
 CT-Scan
 Colonoscopy
 5-ASA
 Prednisolone
 Sulfasalazine
 Surgery
DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT
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27. Thank You