PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DISEASE CONDITION IN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

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Presented by
saroj kamboj
Dept. CHN
associate professor
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN
DISEASE CONDITION OF
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 THE REPIRATORY SYETEM IS THE NETWORK OF ORGANS
AND TISSUES THAT HELP IN BREATHE. IT INCLUDES
AIRWAYS, LUNGS AND BLOOD VESSELS. THE MUSCLES
THAT POWER TO THE LUNGS ALSO PART OF REPIRATORY
SYSTEM. THESE PART WORK TOGETHER TO MOVE
OXYGEN THROUGHT THE BODY AND CLEAN OUT WASTE
GASES LIKE CARBON DIOXIDE.

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PNEUMONIA
PNEUMONIA IS AN INFECTION
THAT INFLAMES THE AIR SACS IN
ONE OR BOTH LUNGS. THE AIR
SACS MAY FILL FLUID OR PUS,
CAUSING COUGH WITH PHLEGM
OR PUS, FEVRE CHILLS OR
DIFFICULTY IN BREATHING. A
VARIETY OF ORGANISMS,
INCLUDING BACTERIA, VIRUSES
AND FUNGI, CAN CAUSE
PNEUMONIA.

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LUNGS ABSCESS
 LUNGS ABSCESS IS DEFINED AS NECROSIS OF
PULMONARY TISSUE FORMATION OF CAVITIES
CONTAINING NECROTIC DEBRIS OR FLUID CAUSED BY
MICROBIAL INFECTION. LUNGS ABSCESSES ARE MOST
COMMON CAUSED BY ASPIRATION OF ORAL SECRETIONS
BY PATIENTS WHO HAVE IMPAIRED CONSCIOUSNESS.

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PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
 PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IS A CONTAGEIOUS
BACTERIAL INFECTION THAT INVOLVES THE LUNGS. IT
MAY SOREAD TO OTHER ORGANS. PULMONARY TB IS
CAUSED BY THE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.
SYMPTOMS OCCUR BREATHING DIFFCULITY, CHEST PAIN,
COUGH USUALLY WITH MUCUS, COUGHING UP BLOOD,
 EXCESSIVE SWEATING, FATIGUE, FEVER, WEIGHT LOSS.

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CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
 CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IS INFLAMMATION (SWELLING) AND
IRRITATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. THESE TUBES
ARE THE AIRWAYS THAT CARRY AIR TO AND FROM THE
AIR SACS IN YOUR LUNGS. THE IRRITATION OF THE
TUBES CAUSES MUCUS TO BUILD UP. THE MOST
IMPORTANT CAUSE OF CHRONIC BRONCHITIS IS
CIGARETTE SMOKING. AIR POLLUTION AND YOUR WORK
ENVIRONMENT MAY ALSO PLAY A ROLE. THIS CONDITION
CAUSES A COUGH THAT'S OFTEN CALLED SMOKER'S
COUGH.

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EMPHYSEMA
 EMPHYSEMA IS A LUNG CONDITION THAT
CAUSES SHORTNESS OF BREATH. IN
PEOPLE WITH EMPHYSEMA, THE AIR
SACS IN THE LUNGS (ALVEOLI) ARE
DAMAGED. OVER TIME, THE INNER
WALLS OF THE AIR SACS WEAKEN AND
RUPTURE — CREATING LARGER AIR
SPACES INSTEAD OF MANY SMALL ONES.

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BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
 A CONDITION IN WHICH A PERSON'S AIRWAYS BECOME
INFLAMED, NARROW AND SWELL AND PRODUCE EXTRA
MUCUS, WHICH MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO BREATHE.
 ASTHMA CAN BE MINOR OR IT CAN INTERFERE WITH
DAILY ACTIVITIES. IN SOME CASES, IT MAY LEAD TO A
LIFE-THREATENING ATTACK.
 ASTHMA MAY CAUSE DIFFICULTY BREATHING, CHEST
PAIN, COUGH AND WHEEZING. THE SYMPTOMS MAY
SOMETIMES FLARE UP.

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BRONCHIECTASIS
 A CONDITION IN WHICH THE LUNGS' AIRWAYS BECOME
DAMAGED, MAKING IT HARD TO CLEAR MUCUS.
 BRONCHIECTASIS MAY RESULT FROM AN INFECTION OR
MEDICAL CONDITION, SUCH AS PNEUMONIA OR CYSTIC
FIBROSIS. MUCUS BUILDS UP AND BREEDS BACTERIA,
CAUSING FREQUENT INFECTIONS.
 SYMPTOMS INCLUDE A DAILY COUGH THAT OCCURS
OVER MONTHS OR YEARS AND DAILY PRODUCTION OF
LARGE AMOUNTS OF PHLEGM.