This document discusses potato early blight, caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. It causes lesions on potato stems, leaves, and tubers, which can lead to defoliation and yield losses of 20-30%. The fungus overwinters in plant debris and spreads via wind-borne spores. Integrated management includes cultural practices like avoiding overhead irrigation, using resistant varieties, and applying protectant fungicides every 7-10 days.
Plant Rust disease, disease cycle, its types, prevention.
INTRODUCTION
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales).
An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus Puccinia, are currently accepted.[1] Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture.
A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction.[2] Each spore type is very host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant.
Pat 201 - Mango anthracnose - colletotrichum mangiferaeKrishnamoorthiM2
Symptoms, Taxonomic classification and life cycle of
Colletotrichum mangiferae
Anthracnose is presently recognized as the most important field and post-harvest disease of mango worldwide (Ploetz and Prakash, 1997). It is the major disease limiting fruit production in all countries where mangoes are grown, especially where high humidity prevails during the cropping season. The post-harvest phase is the most damaging and economically significant phase of the disease worldwide. It directly affects the marketable fruit rendering it worthless.
This phase is directly linked to the field phase where initial infection usually starts on young twigs and leaves and spreads to the flowers, causing blossom blight and destroying the inflorescences and even preventing fruit set.
Mango anthracnose is caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. and H. Schrenk (anamorph: Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Penz. var. minor J.H. Simmonds (Fitzel and Peak, 1984) and C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds (Freeman et al., 1998).
The pathogen also causes blossom blight, leaf blight and in some severe cases, tree dieback (Ploetz, 1994; Ploetz et al., 1996). In Australia and India, C. acutatum (teleomorph: Glomerella acutata) has been reported to also play a minor role in causing the disease (Fitzell, 1979; Prakash, 1990).
Plant Rust disease, disease cycle, its types, prevention.
INTRODUCTION
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales (previously known as Uredinales).
An estimated 168 rust genera and approximately 7,000 species, more than half of which belong to the genus Puccinia, are currently accepted.[1] Rust fungi are highly specialized plant pathogens with several unique features. Taken as a group, rust fungi are diverse and affect many kinds of plants. However, each species has a very narrow range of hosts and cannot be transmitted to non-host plants. In addition, most rust fungi cannot be grown easily in pure culture.
A single species of rust fungi may be able to infect two different plant hosts in different stages of its life cycle, and may produce up to five morphologically and cytologically distinct spore-producing structures viz., spermogonia, aecia, uredinia, telia, and basidia in successive stages of reproduction.[2] Each spore type is very host specific, and can typically infect only one kind of plant.
Pat 201 - Mango anthracnose - colletotrichum mangiferaeKrishnamoorthiM2
Symptoms, Taxonomic classification and life cycle of
Colletotrichum mangiferae
Anthracnose is presently recognized as the most important field and post-harvest disease of mango worldwide (Ploetz and Prakash, 1997). It is the major disease limiting fruit production in all countries where mangoes are grown, especially where high humidity prevails during the cropping season. The post-harvest phase is the most damaging and economically significant phase of the disease worldwide. It directly affects the marketable fruit rendering it worthless.
This phase is directly linked to the field phase where initial infection usually starts on young twigs and leaves and spreads to the flowers, causing blossom blight and destroying the inflorescences and even preventing fruit set.
Mango anthracnose is caused by Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. and H. Schrenk (anamorph: Colletotrichum gloeosporoides (Penz.) Penz. var. minor J.H. Simmonds (Fitzel and Peak, 1984) and C. acutatum J.H. Simmonds (Freeman et al., 1998).
The pathogen also causes blossom blight, leaf blight and in some severe cases, tree dieback (Ploetz, 1994; Ploetz et al., 1996). In Australia and India, C. acutatum (teleomorph: Glomerella acutata) has been reported to also play a minor role in causing the disease (Fitzell, 1979; Prakash, 1990).
Odoiporus longicollis, is one of the severe pest of Banana, which cause severe damage to rhizome and pseudostem. Generally both grubs and adults infect the plant and decline the production.
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Odoiporus longicollis, is one of the severe pest of Banana, which cause severe damage to rhizome and pseudostem. Generally both grubs and adults infect the plant and decline the production.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-3)
Kullapuram (Po),ViaVaigai Dam, Theni-625 562
POTATO EARLY BLIGHT
Course teacher: Submitted by:
Dr.Parthasarathy.S, R.M. Sahanasree,
Asst. Professor, 2015021110.
(Plant Pathology)
3. Economic significance:
• Alternaria solani is also one of the most important foliar pathogens of
potato.
• In the U.S., yield loss estimates attributed to foliar damage, which
results in decreased tuber quality and yield reduction, can reach upto
20-30%.
• In storage, A. solani can cause dry rot of tubers and may also reduce
storage length, which both of which diminish the quantity and quality
of marketable tubers.
5. Symptoms:
• The symptoms of early blight occurs on stem, foliage and
tubers of potatoes.
• Small 1-2 mm black or brown lesions under conducive
environmental conditions, the lesions will enlarge and are
often surrounded by a yellow halo.
• Lesions greater than 10 mm in diameter have dark pigmented
concentric rings and there is formation of shot holes on tubers.
6. • As lesions expand, entire leaves may turn chlorotic
and dehisce, leading to significant defoliation.
• Lesions occurring on stem are often sunken and lens
shaped with a light center and have the typical
concentric rings.
• In tubers sunken irregular lesions which are often
surrounded by a raised purple border.
9. Systematic position
Kingdom : Fungi
Phyllum : Ascomycota
Class : Dothidiomycetes
Order : Pleosporales
Family : Pleosporaceae
Genus : Alternaria
Species : A. solani
10. Mode of spread:
• Primary spread : Infected plant debris.
• Secondary spread : Wind borne conidia.
Host:
• Tomato, Brinjal, and other members of Solanum family
11. Characters of Fungi:
• The fungi often overwinter as anamorphic stage and
sexual reproduction is rare.
• Mycelium is light brown, slender, profusely branched,
septate which are intercellular later become intracellular.
• The conidiophores are short, dark coloured and usually
undifferentiated.
12. • The type of conidia having transverse and
longitudinal septa is called as Muriform conidia.
• The tip cell of the conidium shows budding and
forms conidia in acropetal succession.
15. Favourable conditions:
• Warm, humid environmental conditions are
conducive to infections.
• The temperature favourable for its growth ranges
from 24-29º C.
16. Integrated Disease Management
Cultural Method:
• Avoid overhead irrigation.
• Late maturing varieties are more resistant than the
earlier maturing varieties.
17. • Do not dig tubers until they are fully mature in order to
prevent damage.
• Use adequate nitrogen levels and low phosphorus levels
to reduce disease severity.
• The variety Kufri Sindhuri possesses a fair degree of
resistance.
18. Chemical control
• The Protectant fungicides such as Mancozeb and
Chlorothalonil are the foundation of most early blight
management programs.
• These fungicides must be reapplied every 7-10 days to
provide protection of new growth.
• Very early spraying with Zineb or Captan 0.2% and
repeating it for every 15 – 20 days gives effective control.