This document provides guidance on how to effectively read scientific papers. It discusses the different types of scientific papers and the typical organization of a paper, including sections like the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references. It offers tips for reading papers, such as skimming first to get the big picture and then carefully reading the methods and results sections. Potential difficulties in reading papers are also outlined, such as poor writing quality, a lack of logical connections, and authors not being objective about their own work. Resources for further reading on the topic are provided.
power point presentation covering all aspects of publishing research papers viz: why to publish a research paper , necessary steps before writing a research paper, parts of a research paper, process of publishing a research paper, identifying a target journal , preparing the manuscript etc.
I hope this power point presentation will be beneficial to all PhD students
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
power point presentation covering all aspects of publishing research papers viz: why to publish a research paper , necessary steps before writing a research paper, parts of a research paper, process of publishing a research paper, identifying a target journal , preparing the manuscript etc.
I hope this power point presentation will be beneficial to all PhD students
These slides are related to our last event at the Sapienza University of Rome for the graduate students. Please follow our website: https://www.facebook.com/psa.sapienza
Effective research paper writing for scientific write-up, Btech+Mtech.pptxMethusharma
Crafting an effective research paper requires a combination of meticulous planning, rigorous analysis, and clear communication. This process begins with thorough research and a deep understanding of the subject matter. Before diving into writing, it's essential to formulate a clear research question or hypothesis and outline the structure of the paper.
A well-written research paper typically follows a standard format, including an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose, guiding the reader through the study's objectives, methodology, findings, and implications.
In the introduction, provide background information on the topic and highlight the significance of the research. Clearly state the research question or hypothesis and outline the paper's structure. The literature review should critically evaluate existing research on the topic, identifying gaps and establishing the context for the study.
The methodology section should detail the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques used. It's crucial to provide enough detail for the study to be reproducible by other researchers. Present the results objectively, using tables, figures, and statistics to support your findings.
In the discussion section, interpret the results in the context of the research question and existing literature. Address any limitations of the study and propose areas for future research. Finally, summarize the key findings and their implications in the conclusion.
Throughout the writing process, maintain clarity, coherence, and precision in your language. Use appropriate citation styles to acknowledge sources and avoid plagiarism. Revision is a critical step in the writing process, so be prepared to revise and edit your paper multiple times to ensure clarity, accuracy, and coherence.
By following these guidelines and paying attention to detail, you can produce a research paper that effectively communicates your findings and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in your field.
the presentation on English research paper writing has shed light on the intricacies of this essential academic and professional endeavor. We've explored the fundamental components of research papers, from the definition and purpose of research papers to the critical stages of selecting a research topic, conducting a literature review, choosing research methods, and structuring the paper. The pitfalls and best practices associated with research paper writing have been highlighted, emphasizing the need to steer clear of common mistakes like plagiarism, poor structure, and unclear language.
Furthermore, the presentation delved into the ethical considerations, the importance of responsible data citation, and the value of revision and editing in refining the quality of research papers. Through a real-life case study, we witnessed the tangible impact that well-crafted research papers can have on the advancement of knowledge and practical solutions in various fields. The significance of the abstract as a concise gateway to research papers was also explored, stressing its role in assisting readers and reviewers in quickly grasping the essence of a study. We discussed the key attributes of an effective abstract, from conciseness to clarity and audience-tailoring, recognizing its pivotal role in shaping the perception of one's research.
In the realm of English research paper writing, the mastery of these principles and practices is not only a testament to one's research skills but also an avenue to contribute meaningfully to academic and professional discourse. As researchers, students, and professionals, the knowledge and insights gained from this presentation empower us to navigate the complex terrain of research paper writing with precision, impact, and integrity, thereby making valuable contributions to our respective fields and the broader world of academia and practice. English research paper is not merely a formality but a crucial entry point for readers into the depth and significance of your study. Crafting a clear, concise, and audience-focused abstract can significantly impact the visibility and accessibility of your research, making it a valuable skill for researchers in both academic and professional contexts. A well-written abstract can make a substantial difference in the visibility and accessibility of your research. Whether it's an academic paper, a conference presentation, or a professional report, the abstract is often the first thing readers or reviewers encounter. Its quality can determine whether your work is explored further.
In the world of English research paper writing, mastering the art of creating a compelling abstract is a skill that can enhance your academic and professional impact.
Use this description to introduce the concept and significance of the abstract section of your presentation on English research paper writing. This sets the stage for a more detailed discussion of abstracts in the subsequent slides. Thank you
This presentation will cover:
Report purpose and planning
Report format and organization
Headings and language
Visual design
Source documentation
Finishing touches
A presentation prepared by my friend's friend. I have done no editing at all, I'm just uploading the presentation as it is.
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
The continuing increase of wind energy penetration in power systems, in
combination with the retirement of conventional generation, raises new challenges for the
maintenance of power system stability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of wind
power plant capabilities to provide frequency support and the corresponding methods available
in the published literature are thoroughly analysed and compared. The topic is covered from
different perspectives giving a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this field. In
addition, the integration of energy storage technologies and dispatching of wind farms during
frequency deviations are investigated
Effective research paper writing for scientific write-up, Btech+Mtech.pptxMethusharma
Crafting an effective research paper requires a combination of meticulous planning, rigorous analysis, and clear communication. This process begins with thorough research and a deep understanding of the subject matter. Before diving into writing, it's essential to formulate a clear research question or hypothesis and outline the structure of the paper.
A well-written research paper typically follows a standard format, including an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose, guiding the reader through the study's objectives, methodology, findings, and implications.
In the introduction, provide background information on the topic and highlight the significance of the research. Clearly state the research question or hypothesis and outline the paper's structure. The literature review should critically evaluate existing research on the topic, identifying gaps and establishing the context for the study.
The methodology section should detail the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques used. It's crucial to provide enough detail for the study to be reproducible by other researchers. Present the results objectively, using tables, figures, and statistics to support your findings.
In the discussion section, interpret the results in the context of the research question and existing literature. Address any limitations of the study and propose areas for future research. Finally, summarize the key findings and their implications in the conclusion.
Throughout the writing process, maintain clarity, coherence, and precision in your language. Use appropriate citation styles to acknowledge sources and avoid plagiarism. Revision is a critical step in the writing process, so be prepared to revise and edit your paper multiple times to ensure clarity, accuracy, and coherence.
By following these guidelines and paying attention to detail, you can produce a research paper that effectively communicates your findings and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in your field.
the presentation on English research paper writing has shed light on the intricacies of this essential academic and professional endeavor. We've explored the fundamental components of research papers, from the definition and purpose of research papers to the critical stages of selecting a research topic, conducting a literature review, choosing research methods, and structuring the paper. The pitfalls and best practices associated with research paper writing have been highlighted, emphasizing the need to steer clear of common mistakes like plagiarism, poor structure, and unclear language.
Furthermore, the presentation delved into the ethical considerations, the importance of responsible data citation, and the value of revision and editing in refining the quality of research papers. Through a real-life case study, we witnessed the tangible impact that well-crafted research papers can have on the advancement of knowledge and practical solutions in various fields. The significance of the abstract as a concise gateway to research papers was also explored, stressing its role in assisting readers and reviewers in quickly grasping the essence of a study. We discussed the key attributes of an effective abstract, from conciseness to clarity and audience-tailoring, recognizing its pivotal role in shaping the perception of one's research.
In the realm of English research paper writing, the mastery of these principles and practices is not only a testament to one's research skills but also an avenue to contribute meaningfully to academic and professional discourse. As researchers, students, and professionals, the knowledge and insights gained from this presentation empower us to navigate the complex terrain of research paper writing with precision, impact, and integrity, thereby making valuable contributions to our respective fields and the broader world of academia and practice. English research paper is not merely a formality but a crucial entry point for readers into the depth and significance of your study. Crafting a clear, concise, and audience-focused abstract can significantly impact the visibility and accessibility of your research, making it a valuable skill for researchers in both academic and professional contexts. A well-written abstract can make a substantial difference in the visibility and accessibility of your research. Whether it's an academic paper, a conference presentation, or a professional report, the abstract is often the first thing readers or reviewers encounter. Its quality can determine whether your work is explored further.
In the world of English research paper writing, mastering the art of creating a compelling abstract is a skill that can enhance your academic and professional impact.
Use this description to introduce the concept and significance of the abstract section of your presentation on English research paper writing. This sets the stage for a more detailed discussion of abstracts in the subsequent slides. Thank you
This presentation will cover:
Report purpose and planning
Report format and organization
Headings and language
Visual design
Source documentation
Finishing touches
A presentation prepared by my friend's friend. I have done no editing at all, I'm just uploading the presentation as it is.
An attempt to highlight the most common needs for writing a research article, this include the structure of research articles and the highly important parts needed to publish in a high level indexed journals (Clarivate ISI & Scopus).
The continuing increase of wind energy penetration in power systems, in
combination with the retirement of conventional generation, raises new challenges for the
maintenance of power system stability. This paper presents a comprehensive review of wind
power plant capabilities to provide frequency support and the corresponding methods available
in the published literature are thoroughly analysed and compared. The topic is covered from
different perspectives giving a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this field. In
addition, the integration of energy storage technologies and dispatching of wind farms during
frequency deviations are investigated
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
2. Key Topics
• Types of scientific papers
• Organization of a paper
• Actions to take – to properly read a paper
• Difficulties in reading scientific papers
3. Types of Scientific Papers
• Original article – information based on original research
• Case reports – usually of a single case
• Technical notes - describe a specific technique or procedure
• Pictorial essay – teaching article with images
• Review – detailed analysis of recent research on a specific
topic
• Commentary – short article with author’s personal opinions
• Editorial – often short review or critique of original articles
• Letter to the Editor – short & on subject of interest to readers
Effective Medical Writing. Peh WCG &, NG K H Singapore Medical Journal
2008 49(7) 522 smj.sma.org.sg/4907/4907emw1.pdf (accessed 05
November 2013)
4. Organization of a Paper
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion/Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
Note: most scientific journals follow the format of the
Structured Abstract. Occasionally, the Results and
Discussion are combined – when the data need
extensive discussion to allow the reader to follow the
train of logic of the research.
5. Or the IMRAD Format
• Introduction: What was the question?
• Methods: How did the research(s) try to
answer it?
• Results: What did the researchers find?
• And
• Discussion: What do the results mean?
6. • Title – describes paper’s content clearly using
keywords (for databases and search engines)
• Abstract - a summary (~ 150-200 words) of the
problem, the method, the results and the
conclusions; the reader can decide whether or
not to read the whole article
• Introduction - clearly states the problem being
investigated & reasons for the research;
summarizes relevant research to provide
context; identifies the questions being answered;
briefly describes the experiment, hypothesis(es),
research question(s) & general experimental
design or method
7. • Methods - provides the reader enough details
so they can understand and replicate the
research; explains how the problem was
studied; identifies the procedures followed;
explains new methodology in detail; includes the
frequency of observations, what types of data
were recorded, etc.
• Results - presents the findings, and explains
what was found; shows how the new results are
contributing to the body of scientific knowledge;
follows a logical sequence based on the tables
and figures presenting the findings to answer the
question or hypothesis(es)
8. • Discussion/Conclusions - describes what the
results mean regarding what was already known
about the subject; indicates how the results
relate to expectations and to the literature
previously cited; explains how the research has
moved the body of scientific knowledge forward;
outlines the next steps for further study
• Acknowledgements – recognize various
contributions of other workers
• References - the sources of previously
published work; includes information not from
the experiment and not ‘common knowledge’
9. Actions to Take
• Skim the article without taking notes:
– Read the abstract; it will tell you the major
findings of the article and why they matter
– Read first for the ‘big picture’
– Note any terms or techniques you need to define
– Jot down any questions or parts you don’t
understand
– If you are unfamiliar with any of the key concepts
in the article, look them up in a textbook
10. • Re-read the article more carefully especially the
‘methods’ and ‘results/conclusions’ sections:
– Carefully examine the graphs, tables, and
diagrams
– Try to interpret the data first before reading the
captions and details
– Make sure you understand the article fully
• Ask yourself questions about the study, such as:
– What problems does the study address? Why is
it important? Is the method good? Are the
findings supported by evidence? Are they unique
and supported by other work in the field?
11. – Is the study repeatable? What was the sample size?
Is this representative of the larger population? What
variables were held constant? Was there a control?
What factors might affect the outcome?
• Write a ‘summary’ of the article
– Describe the article in your own words - to distill the
article down to its ‘scientific essence’
– Note the ‘key points’ - purpose of the study/questions
asked, assumptions, major findings & conclusions,
questions unanswered & any surprises
How to Read and Review a Scientific Journal Article Duke University
Writing Studio
twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/scientificarticlereview.original.pdf
(accessed 05 November 2013)
12. Other Useful Hints
• Draw inferences (a conclusion reached on the basis of
evidence and reasoning):
– not everything in an article is stated explicitly; rely on
your prior knowledge/experience and the background
in the article, to draw inferences from the material
• Distinguish main points:
– Document level: in title, abstract and keywords
– Paragraph level: look for words/phrases like
unexpected, in contrast to previous work,
hypothesize that, propose, introduce, data suggests
13. • Take notes as you read:
– this improves recall and comprehension; you may
think you’ll remember everything but details will
slip away
– develop a template for recording notes on articles
– can use the structured abstract format (abstract,
introduction, methods, results, discussion &
conclusions, references)
How to read a scientific article: Mary Purugganan & Jan Hewitt,
Rice University
www.owlnet.rice.edu/~cainproj/courses/HowToReadSciArticle.pdf
(accessed 05 November 2013)
14. Difficulties in Reading Papers
• Papers can be poorly written:
– some scientists are poor writers & others do not
enjoy writing; author can be so familiar with the
material that he/she cannot see it from the point
of view of a reader not familiar with the topic
• Bad writing has consequences for the reader:
– logical connections are often left out - instead of
saying why an experiment was done, or what
ideas were being tested, the experiment is simply
‘described’; papers often are cluttered with
‘jargon’; authors often do not provide a clear
road-map through the paper
15. • The reader cannot easily understand what the
experiment was:
• the descriptions are not well-written and it is
ambiguous what was done
– authors refer back to previous papers; these refer in
turn to previous papers in a long chain; it is unclear
which methods were used in this experiment
• Authors are uncritical about their experiments:
– if they firmly believe in a particular model, they may
not be open-minded about other possibilities; these
may not be tested experimentally, and may go
unmentioned in the discussion
– authors do not clearly distinguish between fact and
speculation especially in the Discussion/Conclusions
16. • The sociology of science:
– many authors are ambitious and wish to
publish in trendy journals; they overstate the
importance of their findings, or put a
speculation into the title in a way that makes it
sound like a well-established finding
How to read a scientific paper. John W. Little & Roy Parker--University
of Arizona www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc568/papers.htm
(accessed 05 November 2013)
17. Annotated Journal Article Appendix
(Part A How to Read a Scientific Paper Appendix)
• Annotated Journal Article by Michele Yeoman…
analyzes the content of a scientific journal article
• The author notes why this is a well-written article
• Using text boxes and arrows, Yeoman analyzes
each section of this article - title, abstract,
introduction, methods, results, discussion,
acknowledgements, charts and references
18. Additional Resources
• Effective Medical Writing. Peh WCG &, NG K H
Singapore Medical Journal 2008 49(7) 522
smj.sma.org.sg/4907/4907emw1.pdf
• How to read a scientific article. Mary Purugganan & Jan
Hewitt, Rice University
www.owlnet.rice.edu/~cainproj/courses/HowToReadSciAr
ticle.pdf
• How to read a scientific paper. John W. Little & Roy
Parker--University of Arizona
www.biochem.arizona.edu/classes/bioc568/papers.htm
• How to read and review a scientific journal article. Duke
University Writing Studio
twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/scientificarticlereview.
original.pdf
19. Exercise
This module’s exercise is #2 in the following file:
Part B: How to Write & Publish a Scientific
Paper… Workbook Activities
last updated 2014 06