The document discusses bacterial taxonomy, outlining its three main components: classification, identification, and nomenclature. It details various taxonomic levels and approaches, including both traditional and molecular classification methods, as well as intraspecies classification for diagnostic purposes. Additionally, the document highlights phenotypic and genotypic methods for molecular epidemiology.

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Part I
General Microbiology
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TAXONOMY
Bacterial taxonomy or systematics - three
components:
•Classification – taxon (plural taxa)
•Identification – unit
•Nomenclature – naming of unit

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TAXONOMY
• Division – Protophyta
• Class – Schizomycetes
• Order – Eubacteriales
• Family – Enterobacteriaceae
• Tribe – Salmonellae
• Genus – Salmonella
• Species – Typhi

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TAXONOMY
• Clone - population derived by binary fission
from a single cell
• Single bacterial colony - clone
• Strain - population of bacteria derived from a
source patient

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TAXONOMY
• Adansonian classification
• Michael Adanson - 18th
century characters
expressed - study

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• Molecular - genetic classification
• Based on degree of genetic relatedness of
organisms
• DNA relatedness - sequences of DNA
• DNA hybridisation
• Bergey’s manual - most widely adopted
TAXONOMY

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INTRASPECIES CLASSIFICATION
• Diagnostic or epidemiological purpose
• Biotypes - biochemical properties
• Serotypes - antigenic features
• Phage types - bacteriophage
susceptibility
• Colicin types - bacteriocin production

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MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Two types: phenotypic - expressed character;
genotypic - analysis of gene, DNA
• Phenotypic methods - electrophoretic
typing of bacterial proteins, immunoblotting
• Genotypic methods - plasmid profile
analysis, restriction endonuclease analysis by
Southern blotting, PCR and nucleotide
sequence analysis