The document profiles several individuals from colonial Latin America, including: - Enrico Martinez, a European man born in Spain who moved to Mexico in his early 30s, where he attained status as a scientist and public official by the 1590s. - Miguel Hernandez, a 16th century Mexican mulatto man who built a successful freight business in Querétaro and accumulated wealth, challenging racial boundaries of the time. - Francisca, an Indian woman living as a slave in Brazil in the early 1700s who petitioned for her freedom and her case went to appeal, in an exceptional legal case for the time.

1. Struggle & Survival in Colonial America Part 2 Edited by David G. Sweet and Gary B. Nash Presentation by: Rachelle Alcantara History 140

3. He was born in Hambury, but moved to Sevil, he spent most of his life in Spain.

4. When he landed in Veracruz, when he was in his early 30’s.

5. He was a European, male.

6. His non- Spanish origins, European travel, and scientific knowledge helped him become established in Mexico city.

7. He attained a gihg reputation as a scientist and a public official.

8. He had to find a way to make a living without sacrificing his intellectual interest.

9. As a person of special training, it made him valuable to the government.

10. Enrico had to determine his personal objectives.

11. He wanted to find the truth about the natural phenomena that interested him, he felt a sense of public responsibility.

13. He was a Mexican man.

14. He’s known for his literacy, did some work as a mulato.

15. Became more familiar with the complexity of trade, and developing personal and financial associations with the people of wealth.

16. Built his own freighting business.

17. He became of leading mulatto citizens.

18. Miguel Hernandez carefully sidestepped many of the traps that ensnared other mulattoes and blacks in this society.

19. He was able to overcome the stigma of his color.

20. Miguel earned most of his income from hauling wool to the southern markets of Mexico city, Texcoc, and Tlaxca.

21. Miguel was an aggressive and enterprising man, not afraid of taking risks.

22. Miguel Hernandez never reached the top, but he did learn enough to buy valuable property in the town.

23. He used his wealth to buy a black slave, many of Miguel’s relationships crossed racial and social boundaries.

24. He worked the cultural bridge without anxiety or doubt.

26. Catarina de Monte Sinay: Nun and Entrepreneur Catarina had a long life in the convent, but she also had immense wealth. She gave all of her wealth’s credit to God’s will. She dedicated her life to being a “bride of Christ.” She had been raised to become a nun. Life in the nunnery held few mysteries for Catarina, but she enjoyed the convent lifestyle. It was where she felt most comfortable. Bahia-where she lived- had maintained a high position as the world’s leading sugar producer. Catarina’s childhood coincided with the beginnings of Bahia’s depression in 16670’s Catarina didn’t feel the need to preoccupy herself with concerns of money or business affairs. She looked up to Madre Victoria daEncarnacao, and found her example awesome and inspiring. She maintained a simple and unaffected stly of life, considering the wealth she has accumulated. Catarina did not indulge herself in vanities such as possessions. She had a talent for making money, and her fortune grew over the years because of different enterprises. What kept Catarina most occupied through the years was her business of preparing and selling sweets. She spent an insane amount of money on charity and donations, and took pride in the fact that her contributions were both functional and decorative. Her life question that would only be answered once she saw God himself, was : “ Could a nun who had been a businesswoman and a moneylender expect to be rewarded with salvation?” She died on August 1758.

27. Damiana de cunha: Catechist and Sertanista Damiana de Cunha was an Indian heroine of Goiasentered the historical record in 1780 when she was baptized and given the Christian name of Damiana de Cunha in honor of her godfather. She was a hostage in the governor’s household in a new village in Maria Primera. She served as s symbol of the good intentions for the Caiapo. Caiapo-those who fought the invaders of Goias. There were originally troublemakers and attacked travelers and hampered communications. They refused to make peace, or settle alongside any other nations. It wasn’t until the arrival of Governor Luis de Cunha Menezesin 1778 that the Caiapo allowed themselves to be pacified and a friendly relationship between the people of Vila Boa and the Caiapo was confirmed by the baptism of 113 Caiapo children. There is not a lot known about Damiana, but what is know is that she received remarkable training for a non white woman on the Colonial Brazilian frontier. - in the 1820’s she impressed foreign travelers with her intelligence and piety. She married twice, was once left a widower. Her second marriage, she married a poor mulatto peasant named Manuel Pereira da Cruz. She lived in the late colonial aldeiaand it was there that she distinguished herself as a leader. She was a loyal supporter of the church and interpreter of its teachings Died in 1831.