2. Paraphrasing :
paraphrasing is when you express someone else’s ideas or
words in your own words.
❑It usually involves rewriting a passage or sentence while maintaining
the original structure but using different words and phrasing.
❑Paraphrasing is often used to clarify or simplify complex concepts, to
avoid plagiarism, or to express the same information in a more
understandable way.
❑It can be as long as the original text or shorter, depending on the level
of detail retained.
3. Importance of Paraphrasing in communication
paraphrasing plays a crucial role in effective communication.
It helps us rephrase and restate information in our own words, ensuring that
we understand and convey the message accurately. By paraphrasing, we can
confirm our comprehension of what others are saying and show active
listening.
• Effective paraphrasing involves actively listening to the speaker,
understanding their message, and then restating it in our own words.
• It also helps to avoid misinterpretations and misunderstandings.
• Paraphrasing foster better communication by promoting clarity, empathy,
mutual understanding.
4. Importance of Paraphrasing in Academic writing
Paraphrasing is equally important in academic writing.
▪ It allows us to incorporate information from various sources while
maintaining our own voice and style. By paraphrasing, we can present
complex ideas in a more understandable and concise manner.
▪ It also helps to avoid plagiarism by acknowledging the original source
while using our own words.
▪ Effective paraphrasing demonstrates our comprehension of the material
and enhances the flow and coherence of our writing.
5. Importance of paraphrasing in avoiding plagiarism
Demonstrating Understanding: Paraphrasing requires you to comprehend the original text and
rephrase it in your own words. This process demonstrates your grasp of the material and shows
that you can articulate the information in a new way, reflecting your understanding.
Respecting Intellectual Property: Paraphrasing allows you to use others' ideas ethically by
giving credit to the original authors. It acknowledges their contributions while also allowing
you to integrate their insights into your own work.
Avoiding Direct Copying: Directly copying someone else's words without proper attribution is a
form of plagiarism. Paraphrasing helps you avoid this by presenting the information in a new
form while still maintaining the core message and meaning.
Enhancing Clarity and Flow: Paraphrasing enables you to tailor the language and structure of
the original text to better fit your own writing style and the context of your work. This can
improve the clarity and flow of your writing, making it easier for readers to understand.
Maintaining Academic Integrity: Plagiarism is a serious offense in academic settings and can
have severe consequences, including academic penalties and damage to your reputation. By
paraphrasing appropriately and citing your sources correctly, you uphold academic integrity and
ensure that your work is credible and trustworthy.
6. Steps for paraphrasing
Read and understand the original text: Take the time to thoroughly comprehend the
main ideas and key points presented in the source material.
➢Put the original text aside: Once you have a clear understanding of the content, set
aside the original text to avoid unintentional copying.
➢ Use your own words and sentence structure: Start rephrasing the information
using your own language and sentence structure. Focus on conveying the same
meaning but in a unique way.
➢ Maintain the original idea: Ensure that the main idea or concept from the original
text is preserved in your paraphrased version. This helps to maintain the integrity
of the information.
➢ Check for accuracy: Double-check that your paraphrased version accurately
represents the original meaning. Make sure you haven't altered the intended
message or distorted any facts.
➢Cite the original source: Even though you've put the information into your own
words, it's important to give credit to the original source through proper citation.
7. Summarizing
▪ Summarizing is the process of condensing a larger piece of
information, such as a text, article, or speech, into a shorter version
that captures the main points and key ideas.
▪ It involves extracting the most important details while omitting
unnecessary details and examples.
▪ The goal of summarizing is to provide a concise and coherent
overview of the original content, allowing readers or listeners to grasp
the main concepts without having to go through the entire source
material.
8. How to summarize?
• Read or listen to the source material carefully, making sure you understand the
main ideas and key points.
• Identify the most important information and main arguments presented in the
source material.
• Remove any unnecessary details, examples, or repetitive information that doesn't
contribute to the main message.
• Use your own words and sentence structure to express the main points, ensuring
that you capture the essence of the original content.
• Be concise and keep the summary brief, focusing on the key ideas while omitting
less important information.
• Check that your summary maintains the original meaning and accurately
represents the main message of the source material.
9. Steps for Summarizing
• Identify the main points: Read or listen to the source material carefully and identify the most
important ideas or arguments presented.
• Remove unnecessary details: Focus on the essential information and omit any irrelevant or
repetitive details that don't contributeto the main message.
• Use your own words: Express the main points in your own language and sentence structure.Avoid
copying phrases or sentencesdirectly from the original text.
• Maintain the original meaning: Ensurethat your summary accuratelyreflects the intended message
of the source material. Be careful not to distort or misrepresent the original content.
• Be concise: Summaries are meant to be brief and to the point. Strive to capturethe essence of the
information in a concise manner, using as few words as possible.
• Check for coherence:Make sure that your summary flows smoothly and maintains logical
coherence. The main points should be presented in a logical orderthat makes sense to the
reader or listener.
