paper#1 brian The use of restorative justice in this day in age seems too good to be true. The main issue is that people are naturally selfish and will not budge from their ways. In order to completely have restorative justice there needs to be a drastic change in what people think is right, wrong, and knowing that the human life is not worthless. This type of justice is a systematic response to wrongdoing that emphasizes healing the wounds of victims, offenders, and communities caused or revealed by crime (Schmalleger, F. 2020). In few instances all parties involved in the criminal justice process can meet eye to eye and come to terms with what was done. The healing that can take place when there is admitting of wrongdoing and forgiveness is given can help spread restorative justice throughout the justice system.  In the case of Amber Guyger, a former police officer, she stood trial for entering the wrong apartment and fatally shooting Botham Jean thinking he was an intruder. She was untimely found guilty and the final day of the murder trial included a stunning moment in which Jean's younger brother, Brandt, told Guyger during his victim impact statement that he forgave her, and gave her a long hug before she was taken to prison. Just after that, District Judge Tammy Kemp apparently gave Guyger a Bible and also hugged her (McLaughlin, E. 2019). In this case the younger brother realized that holding hate in his heart after she was found guilty of the murder weighed on him and forgave Amber Guyger References:  Schmalleger, F. (2020). Corrections in the 21st Century. [Savant Learning Systems]. Retrieved from https://savantlearningsystems.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260805321/  Eliott C. McLaughlin and Steve Almasy. (2019, October 3). Amber Guyger gets 10-year murder sentence for fatally shooting Botham Jean. Cnn. https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/02/us/amber-guyger-trial-sentencing/index.html  paper#2 Jeffery When looking at the concept of restorative justice you have two parts that must come together. First the criminal but be truly ready to take responsibility and the second part is the victim or the family must be ready to forgive. With this concept, some criminals will never receive restorative justice due to the victim or family never being willing to forgive. This also puts a larger burden on a victim or family when restorative justice comes into question." A restorative justice perspective allows judges and juries to consider victim-impact statements in their sentencing decisions." (Schmalleger and Smykla, n.d., 44) When looking into the trial of Amber Guyger you can find examples of restorative justice. The brother of the victim was asked if he would like to speak at the victim impact statement and he thing to do so. Instead of using this time to tell the judge to throw the book at the shooter he forgave her and spoke to her about how he forgave her. This should fall into victim-offender reconciliation because the victim in this case.

1. paper#1 brian
The use of restorative justice in this day in age seems too good
to be true. The main issue is that people are naturally
selfish and will not budge from their ways. In order
to completely have restorative justice there needs to be a drastic
change in what people think is right, wrong, and knowing that
the human life is not worthless. This type of justice is
a systematic response to wrongdoing that emphasizes healing
the wounds of victims, offenders, and communities caused or
revealed by crime (Schmalleger, F. 2020). In few instances all
parties involved in the criminal justice process can meet eye to
eye and come to terms with what was done. The healing that can
take place when there is admitting of wrongdoing
and forgiveness is given can help spread restorative justice
throughout the justice system.
In the case of Amber Guyger, a former police officer, she stood
trial for entering the wrong apartment and fatally shooting
Botham Jean thinking he was an intruder. She was untimely
found guilty and the final day of the murder trial included a
stunning moment in which Jean's younger brother, Brandt, told
Guyger during his victim impact statement that he forgave her,
and gave her a long hug before she was taken to prison. Just
after that, District Judge Tammy Kemp apparently gave Guyger
a Bible and also hugged her (McLaughlin, E. 2019). In this case
the younger brother realized that holding hate in his heart after
she was found guilty of the murder weighed on him and forgave
Amber Guyger
References:
Schmalleger, F. (2020). Corrections in the 21st Century.
[Savant Learning Systems]. Retrieved
from https://savantlearningsystems.vitalsource.com/#/books/978

2. 1260805321/
Eliott C. McLaughlin and Steve Almasy. (2019, October 3).
Amber Guyger gets 10-year murder sentence for fatally shooting
Botham Jean. Cnn. https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/02/us/amber-
guyger-trial-sentencing/index.html
paper#2 Jeffery
When looking at the concept of restorative justice you have two
parts that must come together. First the criminal but be truly
ready to take responsibility and the second part is the victim or
the family must be ready to forgive. With this concept, some
criminals will never receive restorative justice due to the victim
or family never being willing to forgive. This also puts a larger
burden on a victim or family when restorative justice comes
into question." A restorative justice perspective allows judges
and juries to consider victim-impact statements in their
sentencing decisions." (Schmalleger and Smykla, n.d., 44)
When looking into the trial of Amber Guyger you can find
examples of restorative justice. The brother of the victim was
asked if he would like to speak at the victim impact statement
and he thing to do so. Instead of using this time to tell the judge
to throw the book at the shooter he forgave her and spoke to her
about how he forgave her. This should fall into victim-offender
reconciliation because the victim in this case his brother
forgave his offender. "Brandt Jean shocked many when he told
Amber Guyger he forgave her and said he didn't want her to go
to prison after she received a 10-year sentence" (Simon,
2019)this shows that the family of the victim truly forgave
Guyger in the shooting that had happened this happened after
the trial at the sentencing when the family speaks out to the
judge. "Restorative justice seeks to restore the health of the
community, repair the harm done by the crime" (Schmalleger
and Smykla, n.d., p. 45) the forgiveness from the brother would

3. be considered the restoring of the health of the community and
the harm done.
References
Schmalleger, F., Smykla, J. (n.D.).
Corrections in the 21st century
(9th ed.). McGraw Hill Education.
Simon, D. (2019, December 6).
His hug of forgiveness shocked the country. yet he still won't
watch the video from that moment - cnn.
Cnn. Retrieved March 15, 2021, from
https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/06/us/brandt-jean-botham-jean-
forgiveness/index.html
paper#3 chris
Description of CODIS (Option 6)
Ge et al. (2012) report that DNA databases are now a
fundamental tool in a criminal investigation. The purpose of
these databases is to maintain a store of DNA profiles collected
from offenders, crime scenes, or missing persons. Because there
is such a high re rep rate among offenders, the collection of a
convicted criminal's DNA helps solve future crimes. Saferstein
(2015) reports that one of the early problems with using these
databases was that the DNA specimens were collected in many
different jurisdictions from many different sources. To allow
easier access to the databases, Saferstein (2015) states that the
FBI created the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) to allow
federal, state, and local laboratories to exchange information
and compare DNA samples against other samples in the

4. database.
Saferstein (2016) says that the CODIS system has three separate
indexes. They are:
Forensic - This index contains, at the time of Saferstein's
writing, over 900,000 DNA profiles collected from unsolved
crime scenes.
Offender - Contains over 13 million profiles of individuals
convicted of crimes.
Arrestee - Many states and the FBI collect DNA from those
awaiting trial and from detained immigrants. This database
contains over three million profiles.
Saferstein (2016) reports that as of June 2011, searches on
CODIS have resulted in 147,200 hits that assisted in more than
141,300 investigations.
The Federal Bureau of Investigation reports that personal
information is protected in CODIS in several ways. Searches of
CODIS do not show any names, and no single identifiers are
used in the CODIS software, although for missing persons, there
can be some metadata included such as date of birth, etc. The
information stored in the database is the DNA profile, the name
of the agency submitting the profile, the specimen identification
number, and the DNA lab staff associated with the profile
analysis.
Ge et al. (2012) report that the FBI is working closely with
laboratories in the U.S. and foreign countries to expand the
database. It is believed that working with foreign governments
and making a more international database could be a help in this

5. countries fight against terrorism.
References
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Frequently Asked
Questions on CODIS and NDIS. Criminal Justice Information
Services.
https://www.fbi.gov/services/laboratory/biometric-
analysis/codis/codis-and-ndis-fact-sheet
Ge, J., Eisenberg, A., Budowle, B. (2012). Developing criteria
and data to determine best options for expanding the core
CODIS loci.
Investigative Genetics, 3
(1), 1-14.
https://doi-org.bethelu.idm.oclc.org/10.1186/2041-2223-3-1
Saferstein, R. (2015).
Criminalistics: An introduction to forensic science
(11th ed.). Pearson
Paper#4 Brandon 1.
Evidence Collection Units
Evidence collection units are experts in their field. These units
are trained to collect and preserve evidence taken from crime
scenes. Many advantages can come from having evidence
collection units process a crime scene. One of the advantages
deals with the specialized training of these units. Many forensic
techniques still leave ample room for improvement (Service,
2000). Evidence collection units undergo training that is
specific to evidence collection, which allows them to be more

6. current with new techniques and procedures to process a crime
scene. Some police officers and detectives are also trained on
evidence collection, but they have a wide range of other
responsibilities that may cause divided attention. Having a unit
designated primarily for evidence collection allows that unit to
have a primary goal and focus, which allows for more
attentiveness and an expert approach to evidence collection. The
second advantage deals with having a unit dedicated to evidence
collection it allows a professional and unbiased approach to
inspecting the crime scene. The unbiased approach is important
as it allows the members of the team to conduct their business
without any emotional attachment to the crime scene. Police
officers and detectives could potentially have an emotional
attachment to a crime scene, which could potentially invoke the
possibility of mistakes being made due to the emotional stress
of certain crime scenes. The third reason would be the fact that
the evidence collection units maintain custody of evidence
collected at a crime scene. Evidence Collection Unites follow
strict evidence storage procedures to safeguard that evidence is
preserved in the same state in that it was recovered from the
crime scene and not contaminated (Ahluwalia and Srinivasan,
2004). The safeguards allow the proper handling of all evidence
collected. Some police officers and detectives may not have the
specific training to properly handle and preserve certain crime
scene evidence.
References
Ahluwalia, R.S., and Srinivasan, A. (2004, April). Forensic
information management system.
Forensic Science Communications
,
6
(2).
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A137921497/AONE?u=tel_a_bet
helc&sid=AONE&xid=d5ef8de9

7. Service, R. F. (2000). Where Dead Men Really Do Tell Tales.
Science
,
289
(5481), 855.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A64975255/AONE?u=tel_a_beth
elc&sid=AONE&xid=8304530d
Paper#5 Brandon 2nd
Biometrics to Counter-Terrorism
Since September 11, 2001, the United States government has
been seeking many unique ways to protect American citizens
The Patriot Act, in all of its different incarnations, has been
essential to combat terrorism. The United States government has
also made vast advancements in technology to combat terrorism,
and one of these advancements has been in the biometric
recognition field. The government uses the fingerprints and
facials of known terrorists to help discover and capture the
terrorists. Large central databases such as SIS, VIS, and
Eurodac are used to store personal and biometric data to manage
borders but have also been used to counter terroristic threats
(Sadik and Kaya, 2020). These databases allow a government to
collect and store the fingerprints and facial images of suspected
or known terrorists. Terrorists will typically use disguises and
false identities to conceal themselves and blend into the local
population, biometric programs allow the military and
government agencies to in a way see through those disguises
and capture those terrorists. The military has used drones that
are equipped with facial recognition devices to better detect
potential threats. The US Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator
Technology (US-VISIT) Program is a biometric program
designed to control and monitor the movement of foreign

8. nationals throughout the United States to enhance the security
of US citizens and visitors (Mitsilegas, 2012). The US-Visit is
used to better protect our borders, both from potential illegal
immigrants and from possible terroristic threats. The collection
of biometric data and the advancements in biometric data
collection is extremely important to further protect American
citizens.
References
Mitsilegas, V. (2012). Immigration control in an era of
globalization: deflecting foreigners, weakening citizens,
strengthening the state.
Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies
,
19
(1), 3.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A296952444/AONE?u=tel_a_bet
helc&sid=AONE&xid=7fb87e4f
Sadik, G., Kaya, C. (2020). The Role of Surveillance
Technologies in the Securitization of EU Migration Policies and
Border Management/AB Goc Politikalarinin ve Sinir
Yonetiminin Guvenliklestirilmesinde Gozetim Teknolojilerinin
Rolu.
Uluslararasi Iliskiler / International Relations
,
17
(68), 145.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A653757275/AONE?u=tel_a_bet
helc&sid=AONE&xid=8808652e