Biomechanical modeling as a practical tool for predicting injury risk related to repetitive muscle lengthening during learning and training of human complex motor skills

1. Research Seminar – IS 4004
Paper Review Presentation
T.R.K. Hiranthi
13020218

2. Biomechanical modeling as a practical
tool for predicting injury risk related to
repetitive muscle lengthening during
learning and training of human complex
motor skills
Research Title
2

3. ➢Identify muscles at risk using 3D motion tracking
sensor
➢Mention standard length and rotation degrees
of angles
Relevancy for our research
3

4. ➢Musculoskeletal system – Human skeletal system
➢Upper – Limb – Upper part of the skeletal
➢Repetitive stress injury - pain felt in muscles, nerves
and tendons caused by repetitive movement and
overuse
➢Range of Motion - The full movement potential of a
joint, usually its range of flexion and extension
Key Words
4

5. ➢3D motion capture – A way to digitally record human
movements
➢Over- lengthening – Muscle fiber get extend than
normal
Key Words
5

6. Aim of study
6
Reveal the Range
Of Motion
characteristics and
the dynamic
muscles
lengthening of the
selected complex
motor skills
Identify muscles at
risk for the selected
complex motor
skills
Compare
kinematics
between fan kick
and axe kick in
order to provide
insight into risk
assessment and
muscle injury
prevention

7. ➢ Animal experiments showed that a repetitive motion with 20 %
more muscle lengthening than its rest length (i.e. 120 % of its rest
length) would most likely cause muscle injuries
➢ Muscle Strength and Balance in Elderly People With Down
Syndrome - Strength measure using Biodex dynamometer to
determine imbalance
Related works
7

8. ➢ Biomechanical Validation of Upper-body and Lower-body Joint
Movements of Kinect Motion Capture Data for Rehabilitation
Treatments
➢ 3D localization of human based on kinetic human movement
capture - multiple wearable inertial sensors to determine the
orientation of the body segments, lower limb joint motions and
position accuracy
➢ Shape-from-silhouette of articulated objects and its use for human
body kinematics estimation and motion capture - a study to
estimate the joint positions of a person using object silhouttes
Related works
8

9. ➢ Motion tracking sensors in the market
Mayo Armband – Track human body movements
MVN BIOMECH system (Inertial) - Track human body movements
Notch wearable sensor - Track and capture specific body
movements
Wearable 3D body motion tracking system - MEMS sensors
iSen uses STT motion capture sensor
Simi Shape 3D
Organic motion’s open stage 2
Related works
9

10. Selected four Motor skills
Research Approach
10
Instep kicking
Over head throwing/
Rapid stop
Kicking/ Stretching

11. Research Approach
How they have
Selected
these four
motions
for the
experiment?
11

12. Research Approach
Capture 3D
movements of
motor skills
Build
Biomechanical
models
Identify Risk
factors
12

13. ➢A nine-camera, 3D motion-capture system
➢42 Reflective markers – Freedom of movement
Research methodology
13

14. Soccer kicking experiment - Reveal the ROM characteristics and
the dynamic lengthening of leg muscles during soccer kicking via 3D motion
capture and biomechanical modeling - Maximal instep kick
Aim of the study
➢To what degree the biomechanical modeling could
identify muscles at risk
➢Whether it is possible to use the identification to develop
prevention strategies for motor learning and training in
youth sports
Research methodology
14

15. Research methodology
15

16. Research methodology
Baseball pitching - To investigate the possible injury
mechanism of latissimus dorsi via biomechanical modeling
16

17. Research methodology
Fan kick and axe kick - Draw possible prevention
strategies from the comparison of kinematically similar motor
skills with significantly different injury rates
17

18. Research methodology
18

19. Research methodology – Sample
22 subjects
Men and
Women
Aging - 19 to 26
9 Male players
Aging – 20-25
7 dancers
13 taekwondo
athletes
19

20. ➢Supplied information, such as distances, velocities, and
accelerations of the 42 markers
➢Biomechanical modeling - Simple positional data that is
translated into skeletal movement
➢Full body – 15 biomechanical segments
Data collection & Analysis
20

21. Subject
performs
warm -ups
Subject
performs
skill for
three times
Filter
raw 3D
data
15 Segment
model
Biomechanical
Calculation
Data collection & Analysis
21

22. Results & Findings
• Formation of the tension arc dramatically increases
the ROM for hip and knee flexion/extension also
would induce a risk of RSIs
• Flexibility training before the kick practice can help
reduce the risk of RSIs
• Strain and the imbalance between agonists and
antagonists can happen during improper repetitive
over-lengthening of muscle
Soccer
22

23. Results & Findings
23

24. Results & Findings
• Successfully unveiled relationship between lengthening
characteristics of two major trunk muscles and seven
events and six phrases
• The arm-cocking, arm acceleration, and arm deceleration -
when the fastest muscles lengthening, as such high
magnitudes of forces and moments are experienced
• Over-lengthening of pectoralis - During the arm-cocking,
reaching in average 129.3 % of its rest length
• Pre lengthening of pectoralis - Rotate the pitching arm
inwards, horizontally across the body, and outwards in
front of the body.
• During arm-cocking, arm acceleration and arm
deceleration pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi
coordinate as an agonist and an antagonist
Baseball
24

25. Results & Findings
25

26. Results & Findings
• The relative leg-positions of the fan kick and the axe
kick are quite similar.
• ROM of hip flexion/extension of the kick-leg during
an axe kick is significantly larger than that of the fan
kick
• ROM of hip abduction/adduction - Lateral swing of
the kick leg during the fan kick is smaller than axe kick
• Intensity of muscle loading would be considerably
higher during the axe kick than that during the fan
kick.
• Axe kick biceps femoris, adductor magnus, gracilis and
semi membranosus are over the critical RSI value
Fan kick
&
axe kick
26

27. Results & Findings
27

28. Overall Comment
Topic
➢Giving major understanding to the research
➢Better to include the technique 3D motion
capturing
Related works
➢Have given fair description of related works
28

29. Overall Comment
Methodology - Positive
➢Have given reasonable facts to select the two
kicking styles fan kick and axe kick
➢Conducted the research in a decent and ethical
manner
➢Have given reasons for why they have selected
the mentioned sports - Have done a previous
study
➢Clearly defined what is the technology used for
3D motion tracking 29

30. Overall Comment
Methodology - Positive
➢3D motion tracking device and the technique
was described clearly
30

31. Overall Comment
Methodology - Negative
➢Have not stated the place where they have
done the experiment
➢Sample size is very low - Not given reason for
the small sample size
➢Why used 3D motion tracking device as
technique was not stated
➢What is biomechanical modeling and 3D motion
tracking was in the bottom of the paper
31

32. Overall Comment
Results – Positive
➢The results of the study has been shown
quantitatively which gives though
understanding
➢All the related images of the angels and body
positions are added
➢The gray scale of the images are attached in the
paper and given results clearly
➢Graph for each kick and motion were included
with related picture 32

33. Overall Comment
Conclusion
➢Giving brief description for the aim of the
research and findings
Limitations and future direction - Negative
➢Limitations are not enough - Better to give
example for limitation
➢Have not given described future direction
clearly
33

34. Overall Comment
➢Have not given the research problem – Only
stated the three aim of study
34

35. Recommendation
➢Increase the sample size
➢Have a balance sample with subjects who are
performing different sports
➢Enhance the research to non sporty people as
well
➢Establish data bank
35

36. References
1. Andrews J, Fleisig G (1998) Preventing throwing injuries. J Orthop Sport Phys27:187–188
2. Bejjani F (1987) Occupational biomechanics of athletes and dancers: a comparative
approach. Clin Podiatr Med Surg 4:671–711
3. Fritz V, Stauber W (1988) Characterization of muscles injured by forced lengthening.II.
Proteoglycans. Med Sci Sport Exer 20:354–361
4. E. Carmeli, S. Kessel, R. Coleman and M. Ayalon, "Effects of a Treadmill Walking Program
on Muscle Strength and Balance in Elderly People With Down Syndrome", 2002. Web. 23
Mar. 2017
5. Biomechanical Validation Of Upper-Body And Lower-Body Joint Movements Of Kinect
Motion Capture Data For Rehabilitation Treatments. 1st ed. Adso Fernandez-Baena,
2012. Print.
6. Yuan, Qilong, and Shang Ping Lee. "SLAC: 3D Localization Of Human Based On Kinetic
Human Movement Capture". N.p., 2011. Web. 23 Mar. 2017.
7. K. Cheung, S. Baker and T. Kanade, "Shape-from-silhouette of articulated objects and its
use for human body kinematics estimation and motion capture", 2003. . Web. 23 Mar.
2017
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37. Thank you
37

38. Q & A
38