Paper # 2 Relationship Analysis Paper
This paper must focus on a specific relationship. You have two choices:
A. Choose a significant relationship in your life, such as your relationship with your spouse/boyfriend/girlfriend, your relationship with your parent/guardian/sibling, your relationship with a longtime friend or your relationship with a supervisor/co-worker.
B. If you don’t want to write about yourself, choose a couple (romantic or friendship) you know that has been together several years, such as your grandmother and grandfather, your best friend and her husband, etc. Interview the members of the couple separately. You will listen to their stories of their relationship and analyze it.
In either case, feel free to change the names of the people you are writing about to protect their privacy.
Writing the Paper:
Write a two page paper that analyzes the relationship you have chosen based on information presented in class lectures and in chapters 10, 11 and 12 of the textbook. Give specific examples and details about the relationship that show me you understand the material we have covered. You should also incorporate references to the textbook and/or class lectures in your paper. When you make a point or discuss a communication theory, use support material such as examples and quotes or paraphrases from the text or lectures to back up what you are saying. When using support material, ALWAYS cite your sources. If you incorporate writing from the text or lectures without giving the source credit, you are committing plagiarism! Also, your support material should be brief. Do not include long passages from the textbook just to make your essays look longer! When citing your textbook, using the author’s name and page number will be sufficient. When citing lecture notes, using the instructor’s name and lecture dates will be sufficient. For example:
· Paraphrase: As Devito notes in Messages, when managed properly, conflict does not damage relationships (p. #).
· Quote: According to Devito, “ ” (p. #).
When the author you are using is quoting or paraphrasing someone else, your citation might look like this:
Wilmot (DeVito, 2003) goes on to define “a dyadic coalition [as] a two-person relationship formed for achieving a mutually desired benefit or goal” (p.7).
This would tell us that you are quoting from a book written by DeVito and that he is quoting Wilmot.
The paper should be typed and double spaced using 12-point font. Please proofread your paper, run spell-check if you are using a computer and ask a friend to check it over for spelling and grammatical errors.
Recommended Structure for Relationship Analysis Paper
I. Introduction
Tell me what you are going to tell me: identify the interpersonal relationship that will be the topic of the paper and briefly preview what the paper will discuss.
II. Background/History of the Relationship
· What is the nature of this relationship?
· How did it begin?
· How long has this.
Examples Of Introduction Paragraph To An EssayAmie Campbell
Introduction Paragraph: How To Write An Introduction Paragraph (with .... Persuasive Essay: Introduction paragraph examples. How To Write A Essay Introduction Paragraph - HOW TO WRITE A GOOD .... How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Pictures) - wikiHow. Writing an essay introduction - Research & Learning Online - How to .... How to write a introductory paragraph for an essay word Logan - How to ....
Core Values The SLU core values of responsible stewardship, excAlleneMcclendon878
Core Values:
The SLU core values of responsible stewardship, excellence, and integrity will be emphasized in this course.
Responsible Stewardship: Our Creator blesses us with an abundance of resources. We foster a spirit of service to employ our resources to university and community development. We must be resourceful. We must optimize and apply all of the resources of our community to fulfill Saint Leo University's mission and goals.
Excellence: Saint Leo University is an educational enterprise. All of us, individually and collectively, work hard to ensure that our students develop the character, learn the skills, and assimilate the knowledge essential to become morally responsible leaders. The success of our University depends upon a conscientious commitment to our mission, vision, and goals.
Integrity: The commitment of Saint Leo University to excellence demands that its members live its mission and deliver on its promise. The faculty, staff, and students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed.
Link for book
(PDF) Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy 14th Edition | Nhã Nhã - Academia.edu
Week 1 readings During this module, you are required to read Business and Society, Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Chapter 1 covers the complex relationship between business corporations and the many individuals and organizations in society.
Chapter 2 covers the many public issues and matters of concern to business organizations and its stakeholders.
Chapter 3 covers the social responsibility challenges that affect businesses' interaction with its stakeholders while pursuing traditional economic goals.
Hint: Use the “Key Terms” listed at the end of each chapter to help guide your reading. You should be able to define, provide examples, and state the significance of each term.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Food for Thought
You are encouraged to visit the websites of some of your favorite businesses. See what they say about being socially responsible and consider the following:
· Would you be willing to patronize “green” companies, even if it meant lesser-quality goods at higher prices?
· What if you had to drive across town to patronize these companies?
While using different terminology, most companies address corporate social responsibility in some way or another. Here are some varying link titles that can be found by navigating the company websites.
As you were reviewing various websites, you likely found a lot of information about what corporations are doing to be socially responsible—or at least what they say they are doing. Do you believe that in general, corporations are “practicing what they are preaching”? Do their actions follow their words? Is it really possible to know for sure? What terminology does your organization use to address Corporate Social Responsibility, and does it make good on its words?
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate social responsibility is the idea that busines ...
Essay On Importance Of English Language In IndiaAllison Gilbert
Here are a few key issues I see with this real estate investment plan:
1. The promised returns are unrealistically high. 24-45% annual returns cannot be reliably achieved with a diversified stock portfolio, especially over shorter timeframes of 4-6 years. Such high returns suggest an unacceptable level of risk.
2. There are no details provided about the specific stocks or assets that will be invested in. Without transparency into the underlying investments, investors cannot properly assess the risks.
3. Repayment of capital is not guaranteed. The plan description says capital "could be" repaid, not that it is guaranteed. This leaves investors exposed to potential losses of their principal.
4. The short investment
This document provides guidance on writing persuasive messages and includes tips on organizing direct requests and problem-solving messages, determining the best subject lines, building credibility, and using techniques like emotional appeal to make messages more persuasive. It discusses organizing persuasive messages by starting direct requests with the request and problem-solving messages by describing the shared problem. The document also recommends starting problem-solving messages with any solution the reader may favor before proposing your own solution.
Titles For Essays About Life Goals. Online assignment writing service.Lori Flasch
The document summarizes the key requirements to become a pharmacy technician in Texas. An individual must be at least 18 years old, have a high school diploma or GED, pass a criminal background check with no disqualifying offenses, and obtain certification by passing an exam. The process involves meeting education and training prerequisites before taking the certification exam.
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This document provides guidance on writing persuasive messages. It discusses what types of documents are persuasive, including requests, proposals, letters, and reports recommending action. The primary purpose of persuasive messages is to have the reader act by providing enough information for them to know what to do and overcome any objections. Additional purposes include building a good image and relationship with the reader. The document recommends starting direct requests with the request and problem-solving messages with the shared problem. It also provides tips on organizing, tone, credibility, and motivating the reader to act promptly.
Counterargument PaperThis paper assignment expands upon your Wee.docxvanesaburnand
Counterargument Paper
This paper assignment expands upon your Week One Assignment and prepares you for the Final Paper. The expansion is to learn to improve one’s argument after investigating and fairly representing the opposite point of view. The main new tasks are to revise your previous argument created in Week One, to present a counterargument (an argument for a contrary conclusion), and to develop an objection to your original argument.
Here are the steps to prepare to write the counterargument paper:
· Begin reviewing your previous paper paying particular attention to suggestions for improvement made by your instructor.
· Revise your argument, improving it as much as possible, accounting for any suggestions and in light of further material you have learned in the course. If your argument is inductive, make sure that it is strong. If your argument is deductive, make sure that it is valid.
· Construct what you take to be the strongest possible argument for a conclusion contrary to the one you argued for in your Week One paper. This is your counterargument. This should be based on careful thought and appropriate research.
· Consider the primary points of disagreement between the point of view of your original argument and that of the counterargument.
· Think about what you take to be the strongest objection to your original argument and how you might answer the objection while being fair to both sides In your paper,
· Present a revised argument in standard form, with each premise and the conclusion on a separate line.
· Present a counterargument in standard form, with each premise and the conclusion on a separate line.
· Provide support for each premise of your counterargument. Clarify the meaning of the premise and supporting evidence for the premise.
· Pay special attention to those premises that could be seen as controversial. Evidence may include academic research sources, supporting arguments, or other ways of demonstrating the truth of the premise (for more ideas about how to support the truth of premises take a look at the instructor guidance for this week). This section should include at least one scholarly research source
· Explain how the conclusion of the counterargument follows from its premises. [One paragraph]
· Discuss the primary points of disagreement between sincere and intelligent proponents of both sides. [One to two paragraphs]
· For example, you might list any premises or background assumptions on which you think such proponents would disagree and briefly state what you see as the source of the disagreement, you could give a brief explanation of any reasoning that you think each side would find objectionable, or you could do a combination of these.
· Present the best objectionto your original argument. Clearly indicate what part of the argument your objection is aimed at, and provide a paragraph of supporting evidence for the objection. Reference at least one scholarly research source. [One to two paragraphs].
Examples Of Introduction Paragraph To An EssayAmie Campbell
Introduction Paragraph: How To Write An Introduction Paragraph (with .... Persuasive Essay: Introduction paragraph examples. How To Write A Essay Introduction Paragraph - HOW TO WRITE A GOOD .... How to Write an Essay Introduction (with Pictures) - wikiHow. Writing an essay introduction - Research & Learning Online - How to .... How to write a introductory paragraph for an essay word Logan - How to ....
Core Values The SLU core values of responsible stewardship, excAlleneMcclendon878
Core Values:
The SLU core values of responsible stewardship, excellence, and integrity will be emphasized in this course.
Responsible Stewardship: Our Creator blesses us with an abundance of resources. We foster a spirit of service to employ our resources to university and community development. We must be resourceful. We must optimize and apply all of the resources of our community to fulfill Saint Leo University's mission and goals.
Excellence: Saint Leo University is an educational enterprise. All of us, individually and collectively, work hard to ensure that our students develop the character, learn the skills, and assimilate the knowledge essential to become morally responsible leaders. The success of our University depends upon a conscientious commitment to our mission, vision, and goals.
Integrity: The commitment of Saint Leo University to excellence demands that its members live its mission and deliver on its promise. The faculty, staff, and students pledge to be honest, just, and consistent in word and deed.
Link for book
(PDF) Business and Society: Stakeholders, Ethics, Public Policy 14th Edition | Nhã Nhã - Academia.edu
Week 1 readings During this module, you are required to read Business and Society, Chapters 1, 2, and 3.
Chapter 1 covers the complex relationship between business corporations and the many individuals and organizations in society.
Chapter 2 covers the many public issues and matters of concern to business organizations and its stakeholders.
Chapter 3 covers the social responsibility challenges that affect businesses' interaction with its stakeholders while pursuing traditional economic goals.
Hint: Use the “Key Terms” listed at the end of each chapter to help guide your reading. You should be able to define, provide examples, and state the significance of each term.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Food for Thought
You are encouraged to visit the websites of some of your favorite businesses. See what they say about being socially responsible and consider the following:
· Would you be willing to patronize “green” companies, even if it meant lesser-quality goods at higher prices?
· What if you had to drive across town to patronize these companies?
While using different terminology, most companies address corporate social responsibility in some way or another. Here are some varying link titles that can be found by navigating the company websites.
As you were reviewing various websites, you likely found a lot of information about what corporations are doing to be socially responsible—or at least what they say they are doing. Do you believe that in general, corporations are “practicing what they are preaching”? Do their actions follow their words? Is it really possible to know for sure? What terminology does your organization use to address Corporate Social Responsibility, and does it make good on its words?
Corporate Social Responsibility
Corporate social responsibility is the idea that busines ...
Essay On Importance Of English Language In IndiaAllison Gilbert
Here are a few key issues I see with this real estate investment plan:
1. The promised returns are unrealistically high. 24-45% annual returns cannot be reliably achieved with a diversified stock portfolio, especially over shorter timeframes of 4-6 years. Such high returns suggest an unacceptable level of risk.
2. There are no details provided about the specific stocks or assets that will be invested in. Without transparency into the underlying investments, investors cannot properly assess the risks.
3. Repayment of capital is not guaranteed. The plan description says capital "could be" repaid, not that it is guaranteed. This leaves investors exposed to potential losses of their principal.
4. The short investment
This document provides guidance on writing persuasive messages and includes tips on organizing direct requests and problem-solving messages, determining the best subject lines, building credibility, and using techniques like emotional appeal to make messages more persuasive. It discusses organizing persuasive messages by starting direct requests with the request and problem-solving messages by describing the shared problem. The document also recommends starting problem-solving messages with any solution the reader may favor before proposing your own solution.
Titles For Essays About Life Goals. Online assignment writing service.Lori Flasch
The document summarizes the key requirements to become a pharmacy technician in Texas. An individual must be at least 18 years old, have a high school diploma or GED, pass a criminal background check with no disqualifying offenses, and obtain certification by passing an exam. The process involves meeting education and training prerequisites before taking the certification exam.
Descriptive Essay Examples - 27+ Samples in PDF | DOC | Examples. Sample Short Descriptive Essay | Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. College essay: Descriptive composition pdf. Good Descriptive Essay Examples for All Students. 100+ Essay Writing Examples | MS Word, PDF | Examples. Descriptive Essay About A Place Using The Five Sens – More On Sensory .... 004 Essay Example Examples Of Descriptive Essays An About Person .... Descriptive Essay. FREE 9+ Descriptive Essay Examples in PDF | Examples. Descriptive Essay Final Draft - Week 9 Descriptive essay final draft. Become a better writer by reading this descriptive essay sample. If you .... College essay: Descriptive paper outline. Descriptive essay writing examples for college students. Guidelines for Writing Descriptive Essays by Rina harrison - Issuu. Descriptive Essay Examples: A Guide to Vivid Writing | by Nick .... 001 Sample Descriptive Essay ~ Thatsnotus. How to Write a Descriptive Essay: 14 Steps (with Pictures). Example Of A Good Descriptive Essay – Telegraph. How To Write Descriptive Essay Example – Telegraph. School Essay: Descriptive essays on a person. Essay websites: Write a descriptive essay. You can now write a descriptive essay with these tips. FREE 6+ Descriptive Essay Samples in PDF. How to write a descriptive essay on a person - How to Write a .... how to write a descriptive essay | Visual.ly. How to write a descriptive essay about my mother - How to write a .... Descriptive Essay: Definition, Examples & Tips for Writing a .... Descriptive Essay Structure Pdf | Sitedoct.org. Pictures To Help With Descriptive Writing - How to Write a Descriptive .... Wondrous Example Of Descriptive Essay ~ Thatsnotus. College essay: Descriptive writing describing a place. Descriptive Essay Examples College Write A Descriptive Essay
This document provides guidance on writing persuasive messages. It discusses what types of documents are persuasive, including requests, proposals, letters, and reports recommending action. The primary purpose of persuasive messages is to have the reader act by providing enough information for them to know what to do and overcome any objections. Additional purposes include building a good image and relationship with the reader. The document recommends starting direct requests with the request and problem-solving messages with the shared problem. It also provides tips on organizing, tone, credibility, and motivating the reader to act promptly.
Counterargument PaperThis paper assignment expands upon your Wee.docxvanesaburnand
Counterargument Paper
This paper assignment expands upon your Week One Assignment and prepares you for the Final Paper. The expansion is to learn to improve one’s argument after investigating and fairly representing the opposite point of view. The main new tasks are to revise your previous argument created in Week One, to present a counterargument (an argument for a contrary conclusion), and to develop an objection to your original argument.
Here are the steps to prepare to write the counterargument paper:
· Begin reviewing your previous paper paying particular attention to suggestions for improvement made by your instructor.
· Revise your argument, improving it as much as possible, accounting for any suggestions and in light of further material you have learned in the course. If your argument is inductive, make sure that it is strong. If your argument is deductive, make sure that it is valid.
· Construct what you take to be the strongest possible argument for a conclusion contrary to the one you argued for in your Week One paper. This is your counterargument. This should be based on careful thought and appropriate research.
· Consider the primary points of disagreement between the point of view of your original argument and that of the counterargument.
· Think about what you take to be the strongest objection to your original argument and how you might answer the objection while being fair to both sides In your paper,
· Present a revised argument in standard form, with each premise and the conclusion on a separate line.
· Present a counterargument in standard form, with each premise and the conclusion on a separate line.
· Provide support for each premise of your counterargument. Clarify the meaning of the premise and supporting evidence for the premise.
· Pay special attention to those premises that could be seen as controversial. Evidence may include academic research sources, supporting arguments, or other ways of demonstrating the truth of the premise (for more ideas about how to support the truth of premises take a look at the instructor guidance for this week). This section should include at least one scholarly research source
· Explain how the conclusion of the counterargument follows from its premises. [One paragraph]
· Discuss the primary points of disagreement between sincere and intelligent proponents of both sides. [One to two paragraphs]
· For example, you might list any premises or background assumptions on which you think such proponents would disagree and briefly state what you see as the source of the disagreement, you could give a brief explanation of any reasoning that you think each side would find objectionable, or you could do a combination of these.
· Present the best objectionto your original argument. Clearly indicate what part of the argument your objection is aimed at, and provide a paragraph of supporting evidence for the objection. Reference at least one scholarly research source. [One to two paragraphs].
Better Business WritingFocus on These Thre.docxtangyechloe
Better Business Writing
Focus on These Three Parts of Communication- The Rhetorical Triangle
1. Purpose
2. Audience
3. Context
Purpose
Know why you are writing
What are you trying to accomplish?
What reaction are your trying to get?
What results are you after?
With every sentence ask if you are advancing the cause.
Search for the best words to get your point across
What do you want the reader to:
Think?
Feel?
Do?
Understand Your Readers
What are their goals and priorities
What pressures do they face?
What motivates them?
Respect Your Reader’s Time
If you don’t get to your point pretty quickly, they'll ignore you
At the slightest need to struggle to understand you, they’ll stop trying – and think less of you
Prove quickly that you have something valuable to say
Why should they read what you wrote? What’s in it for them?
Words Have Consequences
Words have consequences and should elicit sincere meaning.
Your communication should be respectful of the audience, be clear about the purpose and relate to the context of the situation.
What Have You Told Them?
Consider this - what do they know that they did not know before they read your message?
What do they need to know?
Were you specific?
Did you give a timeline?
Did you reduce their anxiety?
Did you write in a way that assumes they are intelligent?
What Conversation Are You Having With Yourself?
When writing ask yourself: What do you want people to think after they read this message? What do you want them to do? How do you expect them to react it? Have you been as clear as possible?
Are you talking to fellow employees or to shareholders and customers?
Tailor Your Message To Your Audience
Avoid cliché’s
Eliminate jargon
Simplify your message
Have a sincere desire to inform
Divide Your Writing Into Four Parts
The Madman – who gathers the material and generate ideas
The Architect – who organizes information and draws up an outline
The Carpenter – who puts your thought into words – layout sentences and paragraphs
The Judge – who polishes the expression, checks for tone and misinterpretation, corrects grammar and punctuation
Organizing Paragraphs
A paragraph is a unit of thought, not of length.
It makes a point, a point different from what the previous paragraph made and different from what the next one will make.
A bad paragraph is one where the reader has no idea until the end what the point is.
Good Paragraph Construction
1. Say it
2. Explain it
3. Detail it
4. Say it again
Say It
The condition of the Baker Company is poor in every respect.
Explain It
Stock price, debt, and sales.
Detail It
1. Forbes magazine singled Baker out recently as an example of overpriced stock.
2. Debt has mounted to the point where it is eight times equity.
3. And sales have declined from $1.1 million to $725,000 in only a few years.
Say It Again
Nothing favorable can be said about the company’s fin.
127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay – Simple Guides on .... Compare and contrast essay examples college vs high school - Compare ....
127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay – Simple Guides on .... Compare and contrast essay examples college vs high school - Compare ....
The document discusses improving communication clarity. It provides tips for selecting words carefully, placing words and phrases in a logical order, limiting vague words like "it" and "there", and writing in short, clear sentences. Examples show how minor word or phrasing changes can significantly improve clarity and understanding. The overall message is that taking time to rewrite and refine communications can help ensure the intended meaning is conveyed precisely.
Persuasive Speech Outline Template
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Attention Getter:
B. Your Credibility: (What is your interest/experience with this topic? Why should we listen to you?
C. Audience Relevance: (Why should your audience care about this topic?)
D. Preview Main Points:
Transition: (Connect your introduction to your 1st main point.)
II. SPEECH BODY
A. The Problem:
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
3. Supporting Material
(You may have more or less support based on your information.)
Transition: (Connect your 1st main point to your 2nd main point.)
B. The
Solution
:
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
3. Supporting Material
(You may have more or less support based on your information.)
Transition: (Connect your 2nd main point to your conclusion.)
III.CONCLUSION
A. Summarize Your Main Points:
B. Memorable Final Statement:
Remember that you must cite your sources (in-text) in your outline, where you used a source. This speech requires you to use at least 3 sources that will be cited orally during the delivery of your speech. You should use APA format to cite your sources in-text. For example, you can cite a source at the end of the information given − (Otto, 2016). Or you can cite it at the beginning, for example: According to Professor Otto (2016) you may also need to include page number(s) if using a direct quotation. Please be mindful of your formatting and consult the APA links given to you through the FSCJ Library about APA formatting.
Targeting Incentives Scoring Guide
CRITERIA
NON-PERFORMANCE
BASIC
PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Identifies a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate for a particular situation.
Describe a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Identifies a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual team plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate for a particular situation.
Describe a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual long-term plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected long-term incentive pla ...
Essay Prompt For Nc State. Online assignment writing service.Karen Knowles
The document discusses how scholars aim to bring readers/viewers closer to experiencing historical events through their analysis, similar to how sports broadcasters use new technologies to give viewers different camera angles and perspectives to feel like they are part of the game. It notes how a class on religion and civil rights has helped draw the author in to get a feel for what it was like during that time period. The summary captures the key idea that both scholars and broadcasters try to make their audiences feel like they are experiencing an event firsthand through the use of different perspectives and technologies.
This document summarizes a short story called "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" by Mark Twain. It discusses how a traveling man meets Simon Wheeler and asks him about his friend's friend, Leonidas W. Smiley. However, instead of answering directly, Simon tells a story about a man named Jim Smiley who liked to gamble by betting on a jumping frog he owned. The story highlights the theme that gambling should not be relied on to achieve one's dreams or fulfill requests, and that hard work is preferable.
Chris Roush presents "Resources and Keeping Students Interested" during the annual 2012 Reynolds Business Journalism Seminars, hosted by the Donald W. Reynolds National Center for Business Journalism. For more information about free training for business journalists, please visit businessjournalism.org.
Chris Roush on 'Keeping students interested' at Reynolds Business Journalism Week, Feb. 4-7, 2011, Business Journalism Professors Seminar.
Reynolds Center for Business Journalism, BusinessJournalism.org, Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism.
Short Essay On Power Of Positive ThinkingAmanda Dahya
This document discusses relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like data, information, input data, output data, and data processing. It describes the main components of an RDBMS including the database, database management system software, end users, and system analysts. It also covers different data models used in databases, specifically mentioning the network data model, hierarchical data model, and relational data model. The document provides a brief overview of these concepts at a high level.
Essay On War Against Terrori. Online assignment writing service.Laura Olson
The document discusses conditions in 15th century Europe that led to exploration. It began with plague, a smaller population, and lack of knowledge. The Renaissance then brought economic prosperity, enlightenment, and centralized power. As the Renaissance spread classical thinking, it motivated Europeans to learn more about lands beyond Europe. New monarchs also consolidated power over divided regions, allowing them to sponsor voyages of exploration.
The novel "How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents" by Julia Alvarez follows four Dominican sisters who immigrate to New York City in the 1960s after their father's involvement in an attempt to overthrow the Dominican dictator Trujillo. The novel explores their struggles to adapt to their new home in America while maintaining aspects of their Dominican identity and culture. It examines the difficulties of straddling two cultures and losing parts of the culture they grew up with as they assimilate in the US.
Essay On New Technology Creates New ProblemsTakyra Roberts
Trinidadian Carnival has a long history and is renowned worldwide. It began as celebrations in the three days before Ash Wednesday by the masses. Over time, the upper class criticized aspects of Carnival, seeing it as degrading and disrespecting the Sabbath. As a result, street Carnival was restricted to Monday and Tuesday in 1943. Similarly, Belize celebrates in September, which attracts national and international attention.
Letter of AdviceFor this assignment, you will write a letter of ad.docxcroysierkathey
Letter of Advice
For this assignment, you will write a letter of advice to either a newly engaged couple or a group of coworkers. Imagine that either the engaged couple or coworkers hear that you are taking a course in interpersonal communication and want advice regarding how to communicate in their personal or professional relationships. Based on what you have learned in this course, your personal experience, and the five learning objectives we have covered, what advice would you give them regarding how to communicate effectively? How can you use what you have learned in this class to offer a couple or group of co-workers advice to have more positive relationships? Write your paper in the form of a letter. Please review the Sample Final Paper.
Instructions
Use the list of learning outcomes to write your letter. The course learning outcomes you will need to cover are listed below:
· Explain the principles of and barriers to effective interpersonal communications.
· Analyze the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem.
· Differentiate appropriate levels of self-disclosure and emotional intelligence in various relationships.
· Describe strategies for using communication techniques to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
· Analyze the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications.
For each of the five learning outcomes, create a separate heading that states the learning outcome that you are addressing. Then, address the following for each segment:
· Explain the principles of and barriers to effective, competent interpersonal communications. Why do the principles matter? How can your couple or group of co-workers overcome the barriers you have listed?
· Analyze the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem. Begin by defining each term and then explain how these three notions of the self potentially impact the relationships of your couple or group of co-workers. What advice can you offer to help them develop a positive self-concept or build each other’s self-esteem?
· Illustrate the importance of self-disclosure and emotional intelligence in various relationships. What role does self-disclosure play in the relationships of your couple or co-workers? How can their relationships be improved by them becoming more emotionally intelligent? What connections can be made between emotional intelligence and self-disclosure?
· Evaluate strategies for using communication techniques to resolve interpersonal conflicts. Explain one or two potential conflicts and then present at least two strategies for addressing the dispute(s).
· Analyze the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications. First, define these two key terms. Then, explain the importance of gender and culture in relationships generally and for your couple or group of co-workers specifically. What advice can you give to become a better communicator based on t ...
Feel free to use this as a starting point for your project proposa.docxlmelaine
Feel free to use this as a starting point for your project proposal. Remove the first page with instructions and submit the rest filled out.
1. Select a business/corporation or industry that you are interested in or would potentially like to have a career in one day.
2. Identify a specific variable of interest (the one dependent variable – Must be Numeric!) for the business/corporation/industry of your choice. Think about what other variables (independent variables…at least 9 more) you believe would affect, predict or have a relationship with your chosen variable. Select a minimum of 10 total variables to examine: 2 to 4 must be categorical and at least 2 must be continuous (numeric).
3. Develop a point of view and articulate it…”I am working with a group of investors that want to invest in corn farms, so we will do some data analysis to find out what state would be the best state to start farming for corn.”
4. Find a resource(s) where you can gather data points about your variables for your chosen business/corporation/industry. These data points cannot be time points or over time - they must be the same year (or close) for all the variables you are using for your project.
5. Write up your Project Phase I paper.
a. The paper should be a ONE PAGE paper and written for a decision-maker of the business/corporation/industry you selected (Dear corn farmers association…)
b. Include a description of the business/corporation/industry you chose for your project.
c. Include a brief description of all your independent variables (minimum of 9, this would be great as a chart) and your dependent variable (the most important one you care about).
d. Please make sure to use proper grammar and punctuation
e. List your resources (where you found information and that will be used for data collection – use correct APA style). There must be at least 3.
In each place, remove the instructions/examples and put in your own work.
Project Proposal
Subject: In this section write a bit about what you see as the subject of your project.
Audience: Who is receiving the results of your analysis.
Point of view: Why are you producing your analysis? Why would the audience above care?
Proposed Variables:
Name
Dependent or
Independent
One dependent at least 9 independent
Type
Numerical or
Categorical or
Binary
Description
Define what this variable is and what it measures.
Observations: What will each row represent. Think states or companies or countries or some something of the like. You will need 50 of them. They should not be 50 points in time.
Sources: (one place where you can get data and at least 2 places you used to learn more about your topic) List in APA style for web sites/data sources. Here is a cool web site for web citations.
Project Proposal (Filled in Example)
Subject: Poultry farming by state in the US
Audience: This report will be for the Poultry Farmers Association (I made this up).
Point of view: By ...
T e a c h i n g C a s e R e s o u r c e s f r o m t h e MikeEly930
T e a c h i n g C a s e R e s o u r c e s f r o m t h e E v a n s S c h o o l o f P u b l i c A f f a i r s
T h e
E l e c t r o n i c H a l l w a y ®
Box 353060 · University of Washington · S e a t t l e W A 9 8 195-3060 www.hallway.org
This teaching resource was written by J. Patrick Dobel, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington;
Richard Elmore, Harvard University Graduate School of Education; and Laurie Werner, Daniel J. Evans School of Public
Affairs, University of Washington.
The Electronic Hallway is administered by the University of Washington's Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs. This
material may not be altered or copied without written permission from The Electronic Hallway. For permission, email
[email protected], or phone (206) 616-8777. Electronic Hallway members are granted copy permission for
educational purposes per the Member’s Agreement (www.hallway.org).
Copyright 2003 The Electronic Hallway
MEMO WRITING
This note introduces memo writing to students training for careers in public service.
It focuses on memos rather than research papers or essays, because memos pervade the
daily life of any public servant.
A memo is a relatively short, written document. Memos address specific people or
groups for the purpose of recording an agreement, transmitting information, making a
case, or enabling action. Brevity is essential; most decision makers have little time and
must assimilate memo contents quickly. Long memos don’t get read.
Think of a memo as a precision tool. Tools may be beautiful things in themselves, but we
measure their value by how well they perform a task. In practical terms, every aspect of a
memo – its prose style, organization, appearance on the page and content – should have a
direct relationship to its purpose. Long flowery introductions, technical jargon, casual
chit-chat, and showy vocabulary all distract from a memo's essential purpose: to inform
or to enable action.
This note deals with four topics: identifying your audience or principal; getting yourself
engaged in writing; using language; and organizing the final product. Added to these are
notes on e-mail communications.
Know Your Audience or Principal
Specific people read memos. The more vaguely defined the target audience, the more
difficult for the writer to decide what to say. Knowing your audience is of primary
importance in memo writing. Ask yourself three questions about your audience: who are
they, what do they need to know, and how should you present it to them?
• Who is the audience of your memo? Memos are directed at decision makers.
Usually you write a memo for an individual or group to help them make a
decision. To influence decision makers, you must give considerable thought to
who they are. You have a duty to provide them with timely, accurate, and
comprehensive analysis.
2
• Wh ...
The document discusses the pros and cons of eliminating federal funding for public broadcasting by exploring the costs of funding, the services provided and audiences served by public broadcasting, and the government's role in media and education. It provides background on the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 which established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and initiated federal funding for public radio and television. The purpose is to have an informed discussion on this issue from different perspectives.
Running head FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF XYZ”1FINANCIAL .docxwlynn1
Running head: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF “XYZ”
1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF “XYZ”
3
Financial Statements of Chosen Company by the Student
Student’s Full Legal Name
Westcliff University
BUS 710: Finance for Managers
Professor: Dr. Alex Sherm
May 15, 2019
Financial Statements of Chosen Company by the Student
Introduce material here… Remember, each case study must have the heading listed below and must be answered according to instructions; each heading is worth a percentage of each case grade. This is how I want your paper turned in. Your audience is someone like your roommate – intelligent, educated, but has NO IDEA what the case study is about (Bealey, 2016)
This is generally one paragraph. The easiest way to explain this section is to think of it like an abstract or introduction. This section, if written properly, can actually act as the abstract for this paper. It will, in a sense, set up the rest of the paper, which is the review of the case, analysis, recommendations, and the summary and conclusions sections. Remember that when you get information from the textbook, you should cite Beasley, Myers, and Allen (2016). You should NOT write “According to the textbook,” as your reader has NO IDEA who or what is that.
If there is a second paragraph, it will look like this. The paper should be written in third person narrative. I do not want to see you writing in the first person (or use the second person). Note: I have bolded suggested headings that you can use for the paper. Please, keep bolded. One other note: a business is an “it,” not a “they.” Remember that when you use pronouns describing a business.
Review/Analysis of the Case
In this section, you will briefly describe what you will cover. It should only take a few sentences.
Working Capital, and WC of Company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the first question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question “Explain what is working capital, and what is WC of your company?”
Value a stock, and Stock Value of company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the second question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question: “How do you value a stock, and what is Stock Value of chosen your company?”
The Four Cause-Related Marketing Consumer Segments’ Responses Angry Birds
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the third question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question:
Calculate of the value, and Value of the company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the fourth question here, but in essay format. . I want you to answer here to this qu.
Essay On My Family | I Love My Family Essay in English. College Essay: My family essay. About my family | My family essay, Academic essay writing, Essay tips. Short Essay About Family : 009 Sample Short Essay Family Essays English ....
Your tasks will be to answer questions based on the indicators that .docxbunyansaturnina
Your tasks will be to answer questions based on the indicators that you have selected. Next, based on your research, (1) describe the current state of the city; (2) evaluate the current state of the city; and (3) prescribe changes for local conditions that are determined to be detrimental to residents of the city.
This assignment will require you to be resourceful in order to gather data to complete the assignment. You may have to gather data (via the Internet) from a variety of sources, including local planning agencies, political and economic institutions, health/medical institutions, financial institutions.
Be sure to use the proper citations and format when documenting your sources.
.
Your taskYou must identify a specific, local problem (eithe.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task:
You must identify a specific,
local
problem (either in Arizona or in your hometown) that you have personally experienced or witnessed. Your argument will take the form of a narrative that highlights how you have in some way been affected by an important societal issue, with further elaboration on the issue to help the audience understand its importance. The problem must be specific enough that your argument is something new and original coming from you, and broad enough that you can eventually research it in more depth and address it in a problem-solution proposal paper.
Some examples of topics:
A local public health issue that has affected members of your family
A problem in city infrastructure (e.g., lack of public transportation, or unsustainable forms of energy production) that has personally affected your life
A personal experience of discrimination that has made you or others close to you feel threatened
.
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Better Business WritingFocus on These Thre.docxtangyechloe
Better Business Writing
Focus on These Three Parts of Communication- The Rhetorical Triangle
1. Purpose
2. Audience
3. Context
Purpose
Know why you are writing
What are you trying to accomplish?
What reaction are your trying to get?
What results are you after?
With every sentence ask if you are advancing the cause.
Search for the best words to get your point across
What do you want the reader to:
Think?
Feel?
Do?
Understand Your Readers
What are their goals and priorities
What pressures do they face?
What motivates them?
Respect Your Reader’s Time
If you don’t get to your point pretty quickly, they'll ignore you
At the slightest need to struggle to understand you, they’ll stop trying – and think less of you
Prove quickly that you have something valuable to say
Why should they read what you wrote? What’s in it for them?
Words Have Consequences
Words have consequences and should elicit sincere meaning.
Your communication should be respectful of the audience, be clear about the purpose and relate to the context of the situation.
What Have You Told Them?
Consider this - what do they know that they did not know before they read your message?
What do they need to know?
Were you specific?
Did you give a timeline?
Did you reduce their anxiety?
Did you write in a way that assumes they are intelligent?
What Conversation Are You Having With Yourself?
When writing ask yourself: What do you want people to think after they read this message? What do you want them to do? How do you expect them to react it? Have you been as clear as possible?
Are you talking to fellow employees or to shareholders and customers?
Tailor Your Message To Your Audience
Avoid cliché’s
Eliminate jargon
Simplify your message
Have a sincere desire to inform
Divide Your Writing Into Four Parts
The Madman – who gathers the material and generate ideas
The Architect – who organizes information and draws up an outline
The Carpenter – who puts your thought into words – layout sentences and paragraphs
The Judge – who polishes the expression, checks for tone and misinterpretation, corrects grammar and punctuation
Organizing Paragraphs
A paragraph is a unit of thought, not of length.
It makes a point, a point different from what the previous paragraph made and different from what the next one will make.
A bad paragraph is one where the reader has no idea until the end what the point is.
Good Paragraph Construction
1. Say it
2. Explain it
3. Detail it
4. Say it again
Say It
The condition of the Baker Company is poor in every respect.
Explain It
Stock price, debt, and sales.
Detail It
1. Forbes magazine singled Baker out recently as an example of overpriced stock.
2. Debt has mounted to the point where it is eight times equity.
3. And sales have declined from $1.1 million to $725,000 in only a few years.
Say It Again
Nothing favorable can be said about the company’s fin.
127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay – Simple Guides on .... Compare and contrast essay examples college vs high school - Compare ....
127 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics | HandMadeWriting.com Blog. How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay – Simple Guides on .... Compare and contrast essay examples college vs high school - Compare ....
The document discusses improving communication clarity. It provides tips for selecting words carefully, placing words and phrases in a logical order, limiting vague words like "it" and "there", and writing in short, clear sentences. Examples show how minor word or phrasing changes can significantly improve clarity and understanding. The overall message is that taking time to rewrite and refine communications can help ensure the intended meaning is conveyed precisely.
Persuasive Speech Outline Template
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Attention Getter:
B. Your Credibility: (What is your interest/experience with this topic? Why should we listen to you?
C. Audience Relevance: (Why should your audience care about this topic?)
D. Preview Main Points:
Transition: (Connect your introduction to your 1st main point.)
II. SPEECH BODY
A. The Problem:
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
3. Supporting Material
(You may have more or less support based on your information.)
Transition: (Connect your 1st main point to your 2nd main point.)
B. The
Solution
:
1. Supporting Material
2. Supporting Material
3. Supporting Material
(You may have more or less support based on your information.)
Transition: (Connect your 2nd main point to your conclusion.)
III.CONCLUSION
A. Summarize Your Main Points:
B. Memorable Final Statement:
Remember that you must cite your sources (in-text) in your outline, where you used a source. This speech requires you to use at least 3 sources that will be cited orally during the delivery of your speech. You should use APA format to cite your sources in-text. For example, you can cite a source at the end of the information given − (Otto, 2016). Or you can cite it at the beginning, for example: According to Professor Otto (2016) you may also need to include page number(s) if using a direct quotation. Please be mindful of your formatting and consult the APA links given to you through the FSCJ Library about APA formatting.
Targeting Incentives Scoring Guide
CRITERIA
NON-PERFORMANCE
BASIC
PROFICIENT
DISTINGUISHED
Describe a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Identifies a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected individual incentive plan would be most appropriate for a particular situation.
Describe a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Identifies a situation in which a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual team plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected team incentive plan would be most appropriate for a particular situation.
Describe a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Does not identify a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected long-term incentive plan would be most appropriate.
Describes a situation in which a selected individual long-term plan would be most appropriate.
Justifies why a selected long-term incentive pla ...
Essay Prompt For Nc State. Online assignment writing service.Karen Knowles
The document discusses how scholars aim to bring readers/viewers closer to experiencing historical events through their analysis, similar to how sports broadcasters use new technologies to give viewers different camera angles and perspectives to feel like they are part of the game. It notes how a class on religion and civil rights has helped draw the author in to get a feel for what it was like during that time period. The summary captures the key idea that both scholars and broadcasters try to make their audiences feel like they are experiencing an event firsthand through the use of different perspectives and technologies.
This document summarizes a short story called "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" by Mark Twain. It discusses how a traveling man meets Simon Wheeler and asks him about his friend's friend, Leonidas W. Smiley. However, instead of answering directly, Simon tells a story about a man named Jim Smiley who liked to gamble by betting on a jumping frog he owned. The story highlights the theme that gambling should not be relied on to achieve one's dreams or fulfill requests, and that hard work is preferable.
Chris Roush presents "Resources and Keeping Students Interested" during the annual 2012 Reynolds Business Journalism Seminars, hosted by the Donald W. Reynolds National Center for Business Journalism. For more information about free training for business journalists, please visit businessjournalism.org.
Chris Roush on 'Keeping students interested' at Reynolds Business Journalism Week, Feb. 4-7, 2011, Business Journalism Professors Seminar.
Reynolds Center for Business Journalism, BusinessJournalism.org, Arizona State University's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism.
Short Essay On Power Of Positive ThinkingAmanda Dahya
This document discusses relational database management systems (RDBMS). It defines key terms like data, information, input data, output data, and data processing. It describes the main components of an RDBMS including the database, database management system software, end users, and system analysts. It also covers different data models used in databases, specifically mentioning the network data model, hierarchical data model, and relational data model. The document provides a brief overview of these concepts at a high level.
Essay On War Against Terrori. Online assignment writing service.Laura Olson
The document discusses conditions in 15th century Europe that led to exploration. It began with plague, a smaller population, and lack of knowledge. The Renaissance then brought economic prosperity, enlightenment, and centralized power. As the Renaissance spread classical thinking, it motivated Europeans to learn more about lands beyond Europe. New monarchs also consolidated power over divided regions, allowing them to sponsor voyages of exploration.
The novel "How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accents" by Julia Alvarez follows four Dominican sisters who immigrate to New York City in the 1960s after their father's involvement in an attempt to overthrow the Dominican dictator Trujillo. The novel explores their struggles to adapt to their new home in America while maintaining aspects of their Dominican identity and culture. It examines the difficulties of straddling two cultures and losing parts of the culture they grew up with as they assimilate in the US.
Essay On New Technology Creates New ProblemsTakyra Roberts
Trinidadian Carnival has a long history and is renowned worldwide. It began as celebrations in the three days before Ash Wednesday by the masses. Over time, the upper class criticized aspects of Carnival, seeing it as degrading and disrespecting the Sabbath. As a result, street Carnival was restricted to Monday and Tuesday in 1943. Similarly, Belize celebrates in September, which attracts national and international attention.
Letter of AdviceFor this assignment, you will write a letter of ad.docxcroysierkathey
Letter of Advice
For this assignment, you will write a letter of advice to either a newly engaged couple or a group of coworkers. Imagine that either the engaged couple or coworkers hear that you are taking a course in interpersonal communication and want advice regarding how to communicate in their personal or professional relationships. Based on what you have learned in this course, your personal experience, and the five learning objectives we have covered, what advice would you give them regarding how to communicate effectively? How can you use what you have learned in this class to offer a couple or group of co-workers advice to have more positive relationships? Write your paper in the form of a letter. Please review the Sample Final Paper.
Instructions
Use the list of learning outcomes to write your letter. The course learning outcomes you will need to cover are listed below:
· Explain the principles of and barriers to effective interpersonal communications.
· Analyze the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem.
· Differentiate appropriate levels of self-disclosure and emotional intelligence in various relationships.
· Describe strategies for using communication techniques to resolve interpersonal conflicts.
· Analyze the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications.
For each of the five learning outcomes, create a separate heading that states the learning outcome that you are addressing. Then, address the following for each segment:
· Explain the principles of and barriers to effective, competent interpersonal communications. Why do the principles matter? How can your couple or group of co-workers overcome the barriers you have listed?
· Analyze the role of communication in developing and maintaining one’s self-concept, self-image, and self-esteem. Begin by defining each term and then explain how these three notions of the self potentially impact the relationships of your couple or group of co-workers. What advice can you offer to help them develop a positive self-concept or build each other’s self-esteem?
· Illustrate the importance of self-disclosure and emotional intelligence in various relationships. What role does self-disclosure play in the relationships of your couple or co-workers? How can their relationships be improved by them becoming more emotionally intelligent? What connections can be made between emotional intelligence and self-disclosure?
· Evaluate strategies for using communication techniques to resolve interpersonal conflicts. Explain one or two potential conflicts and then present at least two strategies for addressing the dispute(s).
· Analyze the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communications. First, define these two key terms. Then, explain the importance of gender and culture in relationships generally and for your couple or group of co-workers specifically. What advice can you give to become a better communicator based on t ...
Feel free to use this as a starting point for your project proposa.docxlmelaine
Feel free to use this as a starting point for your project proposal. Remove the first page with instructions and submit the rest filled out.
1. Select a business/corporation or industry that you are interested in or would potentially like to have a career in one day.
2. Identify a specific variable of interest (the one dependent variable – Must be Numeric!) for the business/corporation/industry of your choice. Think about what other variables (independent variables…at least 9 more) you believe would affect, predict or have a relationship with your chosen variable. Select a minimum of 10 total variables to examine: 2 to 4 must be categorical and at least 2 must be continuous (numeric).
3. Develop a point of view and articulate it…”I am working with a group of investors that want to invest in corn farms, so we will do some data analysis to find out what state would be the best state to start farming for corn.”
4. Find a resource(s) where you can gather data points about your variables for your chosen business/corporation/industry. These data points cannot be time points or over time - they must be the same year (or close) for all the variables you are using for your project.
5. Write up your Project Phase I paper.
a. The paper should be a ONE PAGE paper and written for a decision-maker of the business/corporation/industry you selected (Dear corn farmers association…)
b. Include a description of the business/corporation/industry you chose for your project.
c. Include a brief description of all your independent variables (minimum of 9, this would be great as a chart) and your dependent variable (the most important one you care about).
d. Please make sure to use proper grammar and punctuation
e. List your resources (where you found information and that will be used for data collection – use correct APA style). There must be at least 3.
In each place, remove the instructions/examples and put in your own work.
Project Proposal
Subject: In this section write a bit about what you see as the subject of your project.
Audience: Who is receiving the results of your analysis.
Point of view: Why are you producing your analysis? Why would the audience above care?
Proposed Variables:
Name
Dependent or
Independent
One dependent at least 9 independent
Type
Numerical or
Categorical or
Binary
Description
Define what this variable is and what it measures.
Observations: What will each row represent. Think states or companies or countries or some something of the like. You will need 50 of them. They should not be 50 points in time.
Sources: (one place where you can get data and at least 2 places you used to learn more about your topic) List in APA style for web sites/data sources. Here is a cool web site for web citations.
Project Proposal (Filled in Example)
Subject: Poultry farming by state in the US
Audience: This report will be for the Poultry Farmers Association (I made this up).
Point of view: By ...
T e a c h i n g C a s e R e s o u r c e s f r o m t h e MikeEly930
T e a c h i n g C a s e R e s o u r c e s f r o m t h e E v a n s S c h o o l o f P u b l i c A f f a i r s
T h e
E l e c t r o n i c H a l l w a y ®
Box 353060 · University of Washington · S e a t t l e W A 9 8 195-3060 www.hallway.org
This teaching resource was written by J. Patrick Dobel, Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs, University of Washington;
Richard Elmore, Harvard University Graduate School of Education; and Laurie Werner, Daniel J. Evans School of Public
Affairs, University of Washington.
The Electronic Hallway is administered by the University of Washington's Daniel J. Evans School of Public Affairs. This
material may not be altered or copied without written permission from The Electronic Hallway. For permission, email
[email protected], or phone (206) 616-8777. Electronic Hallway members are granted copy permission for
educational purposes per the Member’s Agreement (www.hallway.org).
Copyright 2003 The Electronic Hallway
MEMO WRITING
This note introduces memo writing to students training for careers in public service.
It focuses on memos rather than research papers or essays, because memos pervade the
daily life of any public servant.
A memo is a relatively short, written document. Memos address specific people or
groups for the purpose of recording an agreement, transmitting information, making a
case, or enabling action. Brevity is essential; most decision makers have little time and
must assimilate memo contents quickly. Long memos don’t get read.
Think of a memo as a precision tool. Tools may be beautiful things in themselves, but we
measure their value by how well they perform a task. In practical terms, every aspect of a
memo – its prose style, organization, appearance on the page and content – should have a
direct relationship to its purpose. Long flowery introductions, technical jargon, casual
chit-chat, and showy vocabulary all distract from a memo's essential purpose: to inform
or to enable action.
This note deals with four topics: identifying your audience or principal; getting yourself
engaged in writing; using language; and organizing the final product. Added to these are
notes on e-mail communications.
Know Your Audience or Principal
Specific people read memos. The more vaguely defined the target audience, the more
difficult for the writer to decide what to say. Knowing your audience is of primary
importance in memo writing. Ask yourself three questions about your audience: who are
they, what do they need to know, and how should you present it to them?
• Who is the audience of your memo? Memos are directed at decision makers.
Usually you write a memo for an individual or group to help them make a
decision. To influence decision makers, you must give considerable thought to
who they are. You have a duty to provide them with timely, accurate, and
comprehensive analysis.
2
• Wh ...
The document discusses the pros and cons of eliminating federal funding for public broadcasting by exploring the costs of funding, the services provided and audiences served by public broadcasting, and the government's role in media and education. It provides background on the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967 which established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and initiated federal funding for public radio and television. The purpose is to have an informed discussion on this issue from different perspectives.
Running head FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF XYZ”1FINANCIAL .docxwlynn1
Running head: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF “XYZ”
1
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF “XYZ”
3
Financial Statements of Chosen Company by the Student
Student’s Full Legal Name
Westcliff University
BUS 710: Finance for Managers
Professor: Dr. Alex Sherm
May 15, 2019
Financial Statements of Chosen Company by the Student
Introduce material here… Remember, each case study must have the heading listed below and must be answered according to instructions; each heading is worth a percentage of each case grade. This is how I want your paper turned in. Your audience is someone like your roommate – intelligent, educated, but has NO IDEA what the case study is about (Bealey, 2016)
This is generally one paragraph. The easiest way to explain this section is to think of it like an abstract or introduction. This section, if written properly, can actually act as the abstract for this paper. It will, in a sense, set up the rest of the paper, which is the review of the case, analysis, recommendations, and the summary and conclusions sections. Remember that when you get information from the textbook, you should cite Beasley, Myers, and Allen (2016). You should NOT write “According to the textbook,” as your reader has NO IDEA who or what is that.
If there is a second paragraph, it will look like this. The paper should be written in third person narrative. I do not want to see you writing in the first person (or use the second person). Note: I have bolded suggested headings that you can use for the paper. Please, keep bolded. One other note: a business is an “it,” not a “they.” Remember that when you use pronouns describing a business.
Review/Analysis of the Case
In this section, you will briefly describe what you will cover. It should only take a few sentences.
Working Capital, and WC of Company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the first question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question “Explain what is working capital, and what is WC of your company?”
Value a stock, and Stock Value of company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the second question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question: “How do you value a stock, and what is Stock Value of chosen your company?”
The Four Cause-Related Marketing Consumer Segments’ Responses Angry Birds
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the third question here, but in essay format. I want you to answer here to this question:
Calculate of the value, and Value of the company “XYZ”
Note: I do not want to see headings written as questions or you asking questions within the paper. You will put your response to the fourth question here, but in essay format. . I want you to answer here to this qu.
Essay On My Family | I Love My Family Essay in English. College Essay: My family essay. About my family | My family essay, Academic essay writing, Essay tips. Short Essay About Family : 009 Sample Short Essay Family Essays English ....
Your tasks will be to answer questions based on the indicators that .docxbunyansaturnina
Your tasks will be to answer questions based on the indicators that you have selected. Next, based on your research, (1) describe the current state of the city; (2) evaluate the current state of the city; and (3) prescribe changes for local conditions that are determined to be detrimental to residents of the city.
This assignment will require you to be resourceful in order to gather data to complete the assignment. You may have to gather data (via the Internet) from a variety of sources, including local planning agencies, political and economic institutions, health/medical institutions, financial institutions.
Be sure to use the proper citations and format when documenting your sources.
.
Your taskYou must identify a specific, local problem (eithe.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task:
You must identify a specific,
local
problem (either in Arizona or in your hometown) that you have personally experienced or witnessed. Your argument will take the form of a narrative that highlights how you have in some way been affected by an important societal issue, with further elaboration on the issue to help the audience understand its importance. The problem must be specific enough that your argument is something new and original coming from you, and broad enough that you can eventually research it in more depth and address it in a problem-solution proposal paper.
Some examples of topics:
A local public health issue that has affected members of your family
A problem in city infrastructure (e.g., lack of public transportation, or unsustainable forms of energy production) that has personally affected your life
A personal experience of discrimination that has made you or others close to you feel threatened
.
Your taskis to analyze and evaluate how various types of medi.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task:
is to analyze and evaluate how various types of media affect change, influence perception, or otherwise drive the narrative related to a specific topic of your choice.
Create an example that shows how you could use social or other media to influence public opinion or play a significant role in the public conversation. This could be a paper, a video/Prezi, or possibly a newspaper or magazine format.
Requirements:
Identify a topic that you think has been influenced by characteristics or use of the media. Consider whether various media, or media use, have:
Played a role in framing the key arguments related to the topic, and/or
Influenced how key arguments are (or were) discussed/debated, and/or
Shaped audience perception and interpretation or information, and/or
Affected particular actions or policies.
Analyze information gathered from multiple sources, being aware of the author’s intent, perspectives, audiences, biases, and credibility.
Write a clear thesis statement regarding your analysis of how the media characteristics and choices influenced the discourse.
Present well-reasoned arguments that support your thesis.
Support your analysis with compelling evidence.
Describe how you could use 21st century media to exert influence on the issues you discuss.
Provide a minimum or ten sources including at least two scholarly sources and a variety of media such as newspaper, radio, television, twitter, blogs, Ted Talk, You Tube, etc.
Format for a Written Paper:
280 points. Rough draft is worth 40 pts reviewed by peer/family
Paragraph #1 (25 pts) identification of your topic, abstract and thesis
Paragraph #2 (25 pts) How has your topic played a role in shaping audience perception/interpretation of information. What connections, wonderment and questions do you have concerning the media’s over or under involvement?
Paragraph #3 (40 pts) first scholarly source (author(s), titles of articles, background, claims, evidence, discussion/debates, and reasoning.
Paragraph #4 (40 pts) second scholarly source (author(s), title of the article, background/expertise of the scholar, claim, evidence, discussion/debates and reasoning)
Paragraph #5 (40 pts) one media source (author’s/speakers, titles or topics discussed, claims, evidence and reasoning, written/produced for what groups and why?
Paragraph #6 (40 pts) second media source (author’s/speakers, titles or topics discussed, claims, evidence and reasoning, written/produced for what groups and why?
Paragraph #7 (25 pts) What particular actions or policies are these authors/media trying to initiate or delineate and how successful are they? Do you agree or disagree and why?
Paragraph #8 (25 pts) Conclusion – how is 21st media used to exert influence on your topic and the views of society today? Is the media beneficial, or demonstrative in its coverage and what type of public policy do you believe needs to be invoked to provide “honest media for the future?
APA .
Your task this week is to check the internet and the Common Vulner.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task this week is to check the internet and the
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) List
for networked IoT or IoMT devices with publicly known problems identified in the past six months.
Select two devices related that might be relevant to the organization setting and review what is known about the vulnerabilities of these devices.
For each device, include background information about the device, a description of the vulnerability, possible solutions that have been identified to fix the vulnerability, and your recommendation on whether the organization should avoid the product.
Use this
Memo Template
to record your work.
.
Your task is to take unit I Will Survive Ecosystems and Adaptations.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to take unit I Will Survive: Ecosystems and Adaptations,to create a 10-15 minute with PPT as a visual aid ( pictures and words) explaining the scientific concepts as they relate to one of the case studies presented. The case studies will be found inside the module.
–Summarize case study and point out observations. State how the major scientific concepts answer the question above (2 mins)
–Explanation of scientific concepts that build the framework for your answer (8-9 mins)
–Tie in specific elements of the scientific concepts to the answer to the question (1-2 mins)
.
Your task is to perform and document encryption of Thunderbird Email.docxbunyansaturnina
This document outlines requirements for encrypting an email message using Thunderbird Mail. The task involves installing Thunderbird, encrypting a message sent from a Gmail account, and documenting each step in separate Word documents with screenshots and descriptions. The final deliverable is a zip file containing all documentation.
Your task is to explain the process of the juvenile justice system a.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to explain the process of the juvenile justice system and possible dispositional outcomes and to address the adult court waiver process.
Earlier in the week, you reviewed the key procedures in the juvenile justice system.
Click here to learn about the structure and process of the juvenile justice system. The site gives a detailed view of the differentiation among the conferences, adjudication hearings, dispositional hearings, and dispositions.
Now, consider the following scenario:
Tom Jones is a sixteen-year-old repeat juvenile offender who has just been detained by the police for attempted murder.
Jennifer Smith is a fifteen-year-old first-time offender who has just been detained by the police for vandalism.
create a 4- to 6-page overview in a Microsoft Word document based on the aforementioned scenario.
In your overview, address the following aspects of the juvenile justice system:
Explain the juvenile court process for both Jones and Smith from the processing of the cases to the dispositions.
Provide a detailed dispositional recommendation for both Smith and Jones. Take into account the treatment options available for both offenders within the juvenile justice system.
Explain why there is a possibility that Jones could be waived to the adult court system.
Justify in detail whether Jones should or should not be waived to the adult court system for his current offense.
Submission Details:
Support your responses with examples.
Cite any sources in APA format.
.
Your task is to create a journalistic profile that focuses on a .docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to create a journalistic profile that focuses on a leader in your chosen profession.
Your profile should include all of the following elements:
An attractive cover page that indicates your name, the course and the date. Include a graphic as well.
Three, double-spaced pages.
Indent all paragraphs.
You may insert photos as long as they are aligned with the text.
.
Your task is to evaluate the available evidence on the social, emoti.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to evaluate the available evidence on the social, emotional, psychological, biological, and
behavioural changes that occur during adolescence and emerging adulthood that may explain their
increased vulnerability to specific problems and/or behaviour choices.
Of course, not all adolescents engage in problematic behaviour or make unwise life-style choices,
therefore, when discussing the possible causes of change occurring in this age group you should
consider any distinctive cultural practices or cultural beliefs that may act as protective mechanisms for
young people. Arnett (2018) argues that an interrogation of cultural beliefs and their influence is
necessary in order to gain a fuller understanding of developmental changes in adolescents and emerging
adults.
1 page
APA
2 Sources
.
Your task is to conduct research on the ways that universities p.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to conduct research on the ways that universities presents themselves as it relates to diversity and equity. Examining websites, brochures, and other materials of at least 5 different universities and colleges (including WSU), answer the following questions
What percentage of the images are of students of color? How does that compare to the numbers of faculty and staff of color (look at data)?
What percentage of the images are of faculty and staff of color? How does that compare to the numbers of faculty and staff of color (when available, you should look at data on the university website)?
How is the university represented in terms of diversity, equity, and justice? What sorts of programs, resources, and information are highlighted; what is not included? What are the messages provided regarded diversity and equity?
How does the image and message provided by the university compare with news reports, social media, and other forms of commentary regarding diversity at the university?
How do your findings fit within larger body of research?
Your task is to present both qualitative and quantitative information regarding each university in a systematic way.
Grading breakdown is as follows:
15 points – Answering of each question for at minimum 5 universities/colleges (3 points for each)
2 point – Overall Effort
Awesome Screenshot
.
Your task is to compare and contrast two artworks given Below.docxbunyansaturnina
Your task is to compare and contrast
two
artworks given Below:
#1 Night fishing at Antibes by Pablo Picasso.
#2 Bacchus and Ariadne by Titian
(the Artworks are attached below or you can just search it in google)
Consider using the visual elements and the principles of art to Analyse and contrast the Artwork.
This is a very standard compare and contrast paper and it should include
correct grammar and spelling.
The length of the paper needs to be 3 pages (minimum) of writing , maximum of 4 pages, 12pt Times Font, no greater than 1-inch margins-top,bottom, left, right .
Your paper needs to address the listed portions of the handout Below.
**The paper should be in a MS Word document format (.docx or .doc)
****OUTSIDE SOURCES need to be cited, either in the document or in a works cited page. --Information that is taken from the placard from the museum also needs to be cited.
HANDOUT
Follow the instructions below as an outline for your paper
.
Use this handout as a guide for recording information and composing your paper. Do not submit this form as your written assignment.
INCLUDE A COVER PAGE OF YOUR INFORMATION AND IMAGES OF THE TWO WORKS (IF AVAILABLE)
Thesis Statement should address compare/contrast of:
ARTIST #1_______________________________ TITLE_____________________________________ MEDIUM_________________________________ DATE_____________________________________ SIZE (INCHES)__________________________ LOCATION_______________________________
ARTIST #2_______________________________ TITLE_____________________________________ MEDIUM_________________________________ DATE_____________________________________ SIZE (INCHES)__________________________ LOCATION_______________________________
Body Paragraph(s) #1 of your paper should address:
VISUAL ELEMENTS:
Analyze the way the artists use the various visual elements in the work. Try to be specific. Is the color naturalistic or exaggerated? Are lines, colors or shapes used? Is the work characteristic of a particular region, style or culture? Note: Not all of the elements listed will apply to all artworks.
Do not include any opinions in this section. Opinions go in the conclusion.
SUBJECT: Who or what is represented? Artist#1________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ Artist#2_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________
COMPOSITION: Describe the arrangements of the elements/principles. (Some of theses will apply: Line, Light, Color, Texture, Shape, Space, Emphasis, Scale Proportion, Rhythm, Unity, .
Your task is to create a personal essay that focuses on your per.docxbunyansaturnina
Your personal essay must include a cover page with your name, course and date along with a graphic. The three double-spaced pages should have indented paragraphs and can include aligned photos. You must also submit an outline.
Your Task is to Carry out an independent research study (.docxbunyansaturnina
The task is to carry out an independent research study experiment written as a four-page paper using the Blackboard template. The paper should include a short abstract, half page literature review with 5-10 references, research design considerations, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Notes on writing a research paper are available on Blackboard to assist with the task. A four-page paper covering the outlined sections is to be handed in.
Your Research Project is due this week. It must consist of1. 5 .docxbunyansaturnina
Your Research Project is due this week. It must consist of:
1. 5 source annotated bibliography
2. slide presentation with 12 or more slides
3. Summary or Abstract containing at least 750 words.
The topic must be appropriate for graduate level. Find a topic that we covered in the course and dig deeper or find something that will help you in your work or in a subject area of interest related to the course topic.
Use the
Research Databases available from the Danforth Library
not Google.
.
Your supervisor wants the staff to understand the importance of.docxbunyansaturnina
Your supervisor wants the staff to understand the importance of the legal issues related to business dealing in which an agent acts on behalf of a principal. To ensure that everyone comes prepared for the meeting your supervisor has e-mail each staff member the topics that will be discussed at the meeting. You are responsible for leading the discussion on the topics that you were e-mailed. To prepare for the meeting you decide to write down your thoughts and ideas on the topics that you were assigned. You include referenced information to substantiate your thoughts on the topics. The topics you were assigned to lead discussion on during the meeting include the following:
1.) Identify and discuss the 3 types of principals that can exist ( disclosed, undisclosed, and partially disclosed principals). Include a hypothetical example of situations that would include each type of principal.
2.) Identify and discuss some of the duties that an agent owes to the principal.
3.) Discuss your opinion on wheather you believe it is fair to the third party to have a situation in which there is an undisclosed principal and the third party believes he or she is dealing directly with the prinicpal party rather than a agent. Be sure to provide supportive reasoning for your opinion.
400-600 words and references.
.
Your supervisor has asked you to create a new entity-relationship di.docxbunyansaturnina
Your supervisor has asked you to create a new entity-relationship diagram for a company called Moonlight Distributors for what would be a customized shipment tracking system. Use the information below to develop the diagram.
Conceptual Model
Pickup Manifest
Customer information
Pickup details
Consignee information
Payment methods
Delivery Truck Details
Route number
Driver's name
Employee ID
Time logged out
List of delivery manifests
Delivery Manifest
Consignee information
Delivery details
Payment methods
Condition of goods delivered
Date of delivery
Consignee signature
Problems with delivery
Assignment Guidelines
Create an entity-relationship diagram using the conceptual data model located in the assignment description.
Paste your ER diagram into a Word document, and save it as U1A1LastName.
Your submitted assignment must include the following:
A Word document containing your entity-relationship diagram named U1A1LastName.
Deliverable Length:
1-2-page Word document
.
Your supervisor asks you to lead a team of paralegals in the office .docxbunyansaturnina
Your supervisor has asked you to lead a team of paralegals in creating a public service PowerPoint presentation explaining the differences between various types of court systems. You are to prepare 8-10 slides covering criminal, civil, trial, appeals, courts of last resort, courts of general jurisdiction, and courts of specific jurisdiction. Each slide should include speaker's notes and proper APA citations and references are required.
Your research paper final must be written using APA style and incl.docxbunyansaturnina
Your research paper final must be written using APA style and include the following:
A Title Page
Main Body Pages (3 - 5 pages, not including Title Page and Reference Page)
A Reference Page
APA recommends using 12-point Times New Roman font and double-spacing throughout the entire paper.
.
Your submission should be a PowerPoint slide presentation with 1.docxbunyansaturnina
Your submission should be a PowerPoint slide presentation with 12-15 slides(Title and Reference pages are separate) with very comprehensive speaker notes for each slide.
The presentation should include all relevant information, including data analyses (charts, graphs), decision criteria, changes needed, and so forth.
.
your research must includeExecutive summaryAbstractP.docxbunyansaturnina
your research must include:
Executive summary/Abstract
Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study
Problem Statement
Literature Review / Background of the study
Benefits of the study
Data: you have to make a table with all research you used in your literature review and show data frequency used (daily, weekly, monthly), data time span, data description.
Methodology; you have to make a table with all research you used in your literature review and show methodology.
Conclusion.
Recommendations.
Your work must be genuine and you have to use APA style in your referencing and citation.
.
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Brand Guideline of Bashundhara A4 Paper - 2024khabri85
It outlines the basic identity elements such as symbol, logotype, colors, and typefaces. It provides examples of applying the identity to materials like letterhead, business cards, reports, folders, and websites.
Paper # 2 Relationship Analysis PaperThis paper must focus on .docx
1. Paper # 2 Relationship Analysis Paper
This paper must focus on a specific relationship. You have two
choices:
A. Choose a significant relationship in your life, such as your
relationship with your spouse/boyfriend/girlfriend, your
relationship with your parent/guardian/sibling, your relationship
with a longtime friend or your relationship with a supervisor/co-
worker.
B. If you don’t want to write about yourself, choose a couple
(romantic or friendship) you know that has been together
several years, such as your grandmother and grandfather, your
best friend and her husband, etc. Interview the members of the
couple separately. You will listen to their stories of their
relationship and analyze it.
In either case, feel free to change the names of the people you
are writing about to protect their privacy.
Writing the Paper:
Write a two page paper that analyzes the relationship you have
chosen based on information presented in class lectures and in
chapters 10, 11 and 12 of the textbook. Give specific examples
and details about the relationship that show me you understand
the material we have covered. You should also incorporate
references to the textbook and/or class lectures in your paper.
When you make a point or discuss a communication theory, use
support material such as examples and quotes or paraphrases
from the text or lectures to back up what you are saying. When
using support material, ALWAYS cite your sources. If you
incorporate writing from the text or lectures without giving the
source credit, you are committing plagiarism! Also, your
2. support material should be brief. Do not include long passages
from the textbook just to make your essays look longer! When
citing your textbook, using the author’s name and page number
will be sufficient. When citing lecture notes, using the
instructor’s name and lecture dates will be sufficient. For
example:
· Paraphrase: As Devito notes in Messages, when managed
properly, conflict does not damage relationships (p. #).
· Quote: According to Devito, “ ” (p. #).
When the author you are using is quoting or paraphrasing
someone else, your citation might look like this:
Wilmot (DeVito, 2003) goes on to define “a dyadic coalition
[as] a two-person relationship formed for achieving a mutually
desired benefit or goal” (p.7).
This would tell us that you are quoting from a book written by
DeVito and that he is quoting Wilmot.
The paper should be typed and double spaced using 12-point
font. Please proofread your paper, run spell-check if you are
using a computer and ask a friend to check it over for spelling
and grammatical errors.
Recommended Structure for Relationship Analysis Paper
I. Introduction
Tell me what you are going to tell me: identify the interpersonal
relationship that will be the topic of the paper and briefly
preview what the paper will discuss.
II. Background/History of the Relationship
· What is the nature of this relationship?
· How did it begin?
· How long has this relationship existed?
· How has this relationship progressed, evolved, changed and/or
developed?
3. III. Details of the Relationship
· What needs does this relationship meet?
· What are the rewards/demands of this relationship?
IV. Communication within the Relationship
· If you are writing about a romantic relationship, describe the
love style of each person in the couple and how each person’s
love style impacts the relationship.
· If you are writing about a friendship, describe the type of
friendship (reciprocity, receptivity, association) that occurs in
this relationship
· If you are writing about a family relationship, discuss the
family type (traditional, independent, separate) and the family
communication pattern (equality, balanced split, unbalanced
split, monopoly) represented in the relationship.
· If you are writing about a supervisor/employee relationship,
discuss the leadership style of the supervisor (autocratic,
participatory, free reign)
V. Conflict and Power within the Relationship
· How is power used in this relationship?
· What has been the nature of the interpersonal conflict in this
relationship?
· How has conflict handling style (competing, accommodating,
avoiding, compromising or collaborating) played a role in this
relationship?
· What conflict management strategies do the people in the
relationship use?
VI. Effectiveness of the Relationship
4. · Are there any problems or areas that need to be improved in
this relationship as you see it?
· If so, what specific changes could improve this relationship?
· If not, identify what factors make this relationship successful.
VII. Conclusion
Sum up what you have told me.
Tread Lightly Through These
Accounting Minefields
by H. David Sherman and S. David Young
Reprint r0107k
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
HBR Case Study r0107a
Should This Team Be Saved?
Hollis Heimbouch
First Person r0107b
Transforming a Conservative Company –
One Laugh at a Time
Katherine M. Hudson
Different Voice r0107c
How to Win the Blame Game
5. David G. Baldwin
Managing for Value: r0107d
It’s Not Just About the Numbers
Philippe Haspeslagh, Tomo Noda,
and Fares Boulos
Lead for Loyalty r0107e
Frederick F. Reichheld
The Right Way to Be Fired r0107f
Laurence J. Stybel and Maryanne Peabody
Don’t Homogenize, Synchronize r0107g
Mohanbir Sawhney
Taking the Stress Out of r0107h
Stressful Conversations
Holly Weeks
Best Practice r0107j
Five Strategies of Successful
Part-Time Work
Vivien Corwin, Thomas B. Lawrence,
and Peter J. Frost
Tool Kit r0107k
Tread Lightly Through These
Accounting Minefields
H. David Sherman and S. David Young
July–August 2001
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
7. terialized, and earnings had to be restated. The Street’s
retribution was
swift: Tandem’s share price immediately dropped 30%. In time,
the company
recovered (it was ultimately acquired by Compaq), but the event
left a last-
ing impression. When a Wall Street Journal reporter asked
Treybig to recall
his most exciting day at Tandem, he couldn’t. But when asked
to pick his
worst day, he answered without pause: “The day we restated.”
The nightmare of risky accounting is on the increase. In the
current eco-
nomic climate, there is tremendous pressure – and personal
financial incen-
tive for managers – to report sales growth and meet investors’
revenue ex-
pectations. According to the SEC, misleading financial reports,
especially
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
involving game playing around earn-
ings, are being issued at an alarming
rate. Needless to say, it’s a nightmare
that affects more than CEOs’ sleep. The
shareholders suffer most – and today’s
stock price volatility makes Tandem’s
30% hit look mild. Little wonder that
lawsuits related to financial reporting
are on the rise. Back in 1991, 55 security
8. class-action suits alleging accounting
fraud were filed in the United States. By
1998, the number had nearly tripled.
To avoid such a calamity, shareholders
and their representatives on corporate
boards should keep their eyes peeled
for common abuses in six areas: revenue
measurement and recognition, provi-
sions for uncertain future costs, asset
valuation, derivatives, related-party trans-
actions, and information used for bench-
marking performance. If disaster strikes,
it will most likely occur in one of these
accounting minefields.
MINEFIELD1
Revenue Measurement
and Recognition
Determining when a sale is complete or
a service fully rendered is simple for
many businesses: revenue is most often
recorded when the product is shipped
or received or when the service is per-
formed. But for some businesses, pin-
pointing exactly when revenue has been
earned requires considerable judgment.
For example, how should revenue be
recognized if a customer takes delivery
of a product but makes payments on it
over several years? One approach is to
consider all of the revenue as earned
upon product delivery. But an alterna-
tive approach is to consider the cus-
tomer’s ability to pay its commitment in
9. the future. What if the customer is a dot-
com that might not survive?
Judgment is also required on the ques-
tion of what constitutes revenue. Suppose
an auction business sells an item for $100.
Of that amount, $5 goes to the auctioneer
as commission. On its financial state-
ments, should the auctioneer include
the total amount of the sale as revenue
and call the $95 payment to the item’s
original owner an expense? Or should it
count only the commission as revenue
and show no expense? Most accountants
would say the latter approach is prefer-
able. But some Internet companies, rec-
ognizing the importance investors place
on sales growth, have taken advantage
of ambiguities in revenue recognition
rules to effectively do the former.
By contrast, suppose Dell sells a com-
puter monitor it purchased from an in-
dependent manufacturer. Does it call
only its profit margin revenue, or the
full price? Obviously, revenue is recog-
nized on the full price, with the cost of
the monitor treated as an expense. But
what if Dell were to arrange for the
monitor to be shipped directly from
the manufacturer to the customer (as it
often does)? Should Dell include the
monitor’s selling price in its revenue, or
only the profit on the transaction? In
other words, should Dell’s sales figures
10. suffer just because of an efficient logis-
tics arrangement? Or should the deci-
sion hinge on some technical legal ques-
tion, such as who would be responsible
if the goods were damaged in shipping?
The ambiguities suggested in just
these simple examples begin to explain
how one of the biggest accounting deba-
cles in recent history could have hap-
pened. MicroStrategy, a producer of
data-mining software, announced in
March 2000 that it was restating its rev-
enues and earnings for fiscal years 1998
and 1999. A change in revenue recogni-
tion policies transformed its reported
profit of $12.6 million into a loss of more
than $34 million.
What could account for such a drastic
shift? The problem developed because
MicroStrategy usually sells its software
bundled with multiyear consulting en-
gagements; customizing the software
to a client’s unique circumstances is a
complex undertaking. But rather than
spreading the revenue from the soft-
ware sale over the life of the contract,
the company was recording it immedi-
ately. It was a tactic the SEC had begun
to see more often in software compa-
nies and had complained about. When
MicroStrategy announced the restate-
ment, it emphasized that it anticipated
no reduction in the revenue it would
11. ultimately realize. Even so, its stock
price plummeted by a staggering 62%
in a single day, destroying $12 billion of
market value – and it kept on falling.
All told, shares fell from $333 in March
2000 to less than $22 in May 2000, at
which time MicroStrategy faced at least
three class-action lawsuits by share-
holders and investigations by the SEC.
Evidently, no one on MicroStrategy’s
board asked the right questions – or
what came to be called the “Micro-
Tragedy” never would have occurred.
Shareholders who want to avoid the
same fate should pass along these ques-
tions to the board audit committee:
• How is revenue defined? And what
event triggers its recognition?
• Does this present a reasonable
measure of the revenue earned by
the business during the reporting
period? Is it consistent with revenue
measures used by domestic and
global competitors? And is it clearly
described in the financial statement
footnotes?
• If revenue is measured in an unusual
or new way, is that disclosed? Is the
approach justified in terms of its risks
and advantages?
MINEFIELD2
12. Provisions for Uncertain
Future Costs
Companies must make provisions for
costs they know will arise, even if the
amounts can’t be known with any cer-
tainty: losses from inventory obsoles-
cence, uncollectible accounts, product
returns, restructuring costs, damages
from product recalls – the list goes on.
But precisely because there’s so much
latitude in this area, it can be a minefield
4 harvard business review
H. David Sherman is the Cowan Research
Professor of Accounting at Northeastern
University in Boston. He can be contacted
at [email protected] This is his third
HBR article. S. David Young is a professor
at INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, and
the coauthor of EVA and Value-Based
Management: A Practical Guide to Im-
plementation (McGraw-Hill, 2001). He can
be reached at [email protected]
T O O L K I T • A c c o u n t i n g M i n e f i e l d s
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
of earnings management. Estimates can
either be inflated to create hidden re-
serves so that profits can be boosted
in some future period to project a mis-
13. leading earnings stream, or they can be
diminished to enhance reported profits.
Xerox has found itself in this mine-
field lately; despite evidence of a grow-
ing number of slow payments, the com-
pany made no greater allowance for bad
debts. Could someone on the board
have spotted this and averted the cri-
sis? Xerox’s former assistant treasurer
thought so and told the Wall Street Jour-
nal as much in a highly damaging story.
A second common form of mischief
to watch for involves overstated restruc-
turing costs. Restructuring expenses
are segregated from other expenses on
the typical income statement. The idea
is to isolate the impact of nonrecurring
items on net income, thus helping the
reader to better understand the prof-
itability of normal, recurring business
activities. But what are readers to think
when restructuring charges appear for
several years running? Digital, now part
of Compaq, reported restructuring ex-
penses for three consecutive years in
the early 1990s. It seems obvious that
classifying charges as nonrecurring is
designed to mask management error
and overstate operating (recurring)
profitability. It’s become common for
companies to employ a “big bath” strat-
egy with their restructuring charges,
making them so large as to flush out
14. any possible future impact on earn-
ings. And while companies are eager
to highlight these nonrecurring busi-
ness losses, they call far less attention
to their actions when they need to re-
verse restructuring charges. Heinz, for
example, overestimated the costs of its
restructuring in 1997 by some $25 mil-
lion. When it subsequently reversed
that amount, it did not disclose the fact
on the face of its income statement, al-
lowing the adjustment to enhance oper-
ating income. The SEC took a dim view
of this type of reporting. In fact, the SEC
sued WR Grace for fraud in 1999 be-
cause the company failed to highlight
just such a reversal.
And finally, managers play just as cre-
atively with what’s known as “compre-
hensive income.” This category, which
appears in the shareholders’ equity sec-
tion of the balance sheet, is designed to
cover a variety of gains or losses that
do not appear on the income statement
because their true impact on earnings is
not yet certain and irreversible. Exam-
ples include gains or losses caused by
translating financial statements of sub-
sidiaries from local currency to the par-
ent company’s currency, and unrealized
gains and losses on investments in fi-
nancial securities. Judgment calls are re-
quired on which gains and losses should
be reflected on the income statement
15. and which should be captured in com-
prehensive income. But there is defi-
nitely an incentive to park losses in the
comprehensive income category, be-
cause the only income incorporated into
the highly visible earnings per share
figure (the basis of a company’s price-
earnings ratio) is that shown on the in-
come statement.
For instance, in 2000, Coca-Cola
added $965 million of translation losses
to its comprehensive income, bringing
the cumulative comprehensive loss to
$2.5 billion. Indeed, as the euro’s decline
in value throughout 2000 reduced the
dollar earnings of U.S. companies with
large European sales, many of them
managed to defer the impact on earn-
ings through clever use of the compre-
hensive income line.
A prudent director would certainly
consider how such treatment affects
investors’ perceptions of the business’s
profitability. To discover if a company is
wandering into one of these minefields,
ask these pointed questions:
• Are estimates for uncertain events
(such as doubtful accounts and
restructuring reserves) included
in the financial statements?
16. • Do the financial statements present
a reasonable measure of current
period operating expenses and
revenues, with sufficient disclosure
in the footnotes of these estimates
and the accounting treatment?
• Should gains and losses included
in comprehensive income (foreign
currency, investment gains and
losses) and in the footnotes instead
be included in the current period’s
net income?
MINEFIELD 3
Asset Valuation
On the most basic level, an asset is some-
thing that has current or intrinsic value,
like cash, or that can be used to generate
future revenues – such as a building that
is used to produce or manufacture a
product, for example, or inventory that
will be sold for a profit. Assets are gen-
erally carried at cost less estimated amor-
tization or depreciation – and deprecia-
tion requires an estimate of its useful
life. But the latitude given to manage-
ment in making such estimates can raise
questions about motivation when esti-
mates are changed.
For example, Delta Airlines revised
the useful life of aircraft in its fleet twice
in ten years; in both cases, the change
created sizable increases in reported
profits. Were these adjustments moti-
17. vated by any real change in the air-
planes’ life spans, by a desire to match
competitors’ accounting methods, or by
some other reason?
Companies that use accounting meth-
ods to keep their research and develop-
ment expenses from reducing earnings
also frequently find themselves in this
minefield. One common approach, in
cases where an acquisition has been
made, is to accelerate the write-off of all
R&D in process at the acquired company.
Another is to conduct R&D through in-
A c c o u n t i n g M i n e f i e l d s • T O O L K I T
Evidently, no one on MicroStrategy’s board asked
the right questions – or what came to be called the
“MicroTragedy” never would have occurred.
july–august 2001 5
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
vestments in partners to avoid treating
the costs as current expenses. If analysts
interpret such moves as being motivated
by a desire to manage earnings, compa-
nies can seriously damage their reputa-
18. tions in the capital markets. Elan, an Irish
pharmaceutical company and the sub-
ject of SEC reviews, scared off some ana-
lysts and investors when it used just this
kind of treatment on its R&D costs. A
board member at Elan would have done
well to ask whether the accounting prac-
tices being used by an otherwise strong
company really provided a more com-
plete earnings picture for shareholders.
In the same spirit, you should ask the
following:
• Do tangible and intangible asset val-
ues and write-downs of assets reflect
real values and changes in value
during the current period?
• Are these value adjustments fully
disclosed?
• Is the accounting treatment consis-
tent with industry and global com-
petitors? If not, are the differences
justifiable and adequately discussed
in the financial statements?
MINEFIELD 4
Derivatives
The use of derivatives to manage finan-
cial risk deserves careful and constant
scrutiny. These complex financial in-
struments were famously implicated
in the downfall of Barings Bank, in the
travails of Bankers Trust, and in the near
bankruptcy of Orange County, Califor-
19. nia – but the heightened awareness of
them has not made them any easier for
nonexperts to judge. Derivatives have, in
fact, been usefully employed for decades
to hedge risks related to commodity
prices, foreign exchange fluctuations,
and interest on debt. The great difficulty
for board members, managers, and share-
holders is in recognizing when their use
introduces more risk than it mitigates.
For German conglomerate Metallge-
sellschaft, that risk equation came down
on the wrong side. The company’s energy
group had contracted with customers to
sell petroleum at prices fixed in 1992 for
a maximum of ten years. Because the
6 harvard business review
T O O L K I T • A c c o u n t i n g M i n e f i e l d s
Are You Sitting in a Minefield?
Recent history has shown that businesses with the following
charac-
teristics are more likely to feature manipulation of company
accounts.
Look sharp if you’re associated with a business that falls into
one of
these categories:
High-growth companies entering a low-growth phase. Managers
20. used to a seemingly endless stream of ever higher numbers may
be
tempted to mask the decline in profit and sales growth.
Companies that receive extensive coverage in the business and
popular press (such as Priceline and Amazon.com). Here, even
small
problems attract widespread media coverage, placing added
pressure
to manage the reporting of business results that might prove
disap-
pointing.
New businesses where there are ambiguities about how key
transac-
tions are and should be measured. Companies in new industries,
such
as those in the Internet sector, may engage in business
transactions that
were uncommon in the old economy, such as the advertising
barters pop-
ular among Web sites. Accounting standards, which tend to be
anchored
in the old economy, may be silent, or at least ambiguous, on
important
21. transactions, thus providing corporate managers with
considerable scope
for manipulation.
Weak control environments in which managers can manipulate
re-
ported financial results with relative impunity. The seriousness
of this
problem varies considerably from country to country, reflecting
wide
diversity in corporate governance, securities regulation, and
reporting
requirements.
Companies that are followed by a small number of analysts.
Less cap-
ital market scrutiny of performance and corporate financial
statements
increases the risk for accounting manipulation to go unchecked
until it
eventually explodes.
Companies with complex ownership and financial structures. By
mak-
ing key transactions less transparent, these structures give rise
to related-
22. party transactions and conflicts of interest.
Naturally, having any one of these characteristics does not mean
that a
company is engaging in questionable accounting practices. But
it should
prompt directors to exercise special care in scrutinizing a
company’s
financial reporting practices.
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
over the company, including other busi-
nesses, shareholders, directors, lenders,
vendors, and customers. Disclosure of
these transactions varies based on the
regulatory environment and each com-
pany’s policies. But investors always
have an interest in knowing about them
because they can allow a company to
arbitrarily increase or decrease earnings
or to divert profits, sometimes enriching
a subgroup of shareholders or managers.
Investors in the Belgian company
Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products, a
maker of speech recognition software,
23. learned about this minefield when their
shares dropped from $65 to $9 in the
spring of 2000. An internal audit discov-
ered that 30 customers, all start-ups and
most based in Singapore, were responsi-
ble for about a quarter of the company’s
revenues. It turned out L&H had helped
create those companies – and many had
received seed money from a venture
capital firm linked to L&H’s founders.
The story has since featured earnings
restatements, bankruptcy, and the delist-
ing of L&H stock from the Nasdaq.
This particular field is most heavily
mined for companies that operate in
countries where business practices and
disclosure requirements are less regu-
lated than in the United States or West-
ern Europe. Some Korean companies,
for example, have engaged in shady
practices like purchasing assets unre-
lated to their business needs for future
sale at a discount to related companies
or shareholders, writing off loans to
friendly parties in order to move cor-
porate cash to select related parties, or
selling products at discounts – or above
market prices – to related businesses to
transfer profits between parties.
Although the more egregious forms
of abuse might be identified under U.S.
reporting and auditing standards, the
potential for manipulation is very real
24. in subsidiaries of U.S. companies or in
companies being considered for merg-
ers or acquisitions. Even within coun-
tries, though, differences in the practices
and disclosures of competitors can cre-
ate misleading financial results. To avoid
presenting information that may lead
to erroneous conclusions and faulty val-
uations, investors and their representa-
tives on boards should ask the following
questions:
• Are all significant related-party trans-
actions and commitments disclosed?
• What policy determines which trans-
actions will be disclosed and what
level of detail will be included in the
financial statements?
• Are there conflicts of interest that
could damage or benefit specific
groups of shareholders that should
be disclosed?
MINEFIELD 6
Information Used for
Benchmarking Performance
The last accounting minefield has to do
with manipulating a company’s perfor-
mance numbers in relation to prior pe-
riods, investor expectations, and com-
petitors. This minefield becomes more
explosive as more businesses go global.
Imagine the difficulty a U.S. telecom-
25. munications business would have in
comparing performance with, consider-
ing acquisition of, or trying to under-
stand the business model of Deutsche
Telekom in Germany. According to its fi-
nancial reports, prepared under German
accounting rules, Deutsche Telekom’s
earnings stream has risen “smoothly” –
but under U.S. accounting principles, its
progress has been more erratic. Using
German principles, earnings nearly dou-
bled from 1996 to 1997; using U.S. prin-
ciples, they declined. Thus, if a U.S. com-
petitor, parent, or partner experienced
50% earnings growth, that might be con-
sidered poor compared to Deutsche
Telekom with German accounting – or
outstanding with U.S. accounting. In an
increasingly global industry, should in-
vestors be allowed to misunderstand
this, or should it be explicitly discussed in
the financial statements?
A c c o u n t i n g M i n e f i e l d s • T O O L K I T
company would lose money if oil prices
rose, it decided to hedge away the risk
by using a “stack” hedging strategy,
which employs derivatives. In doing so,
it stacked the deck in the opposite di-
rection, so that when the price of oil
suddenly declined, the losses started to
mount. The situation cost the company
some $1.5 billion, leading the Economist
to observe: “As Chernobyl was to nuclear
26. power, so Metallgesellschaft has be-
come to financial derivatives.”
Still, derivatives remain in wide use
for all kinds of good reasons, and in
many companies their potential impact
on income is substantial. These compa-
nies should continually scrutinize their
use to ensure that the risks are managed
responsibly, to determine whether real-
ized and unrealized gains and losses
should be included in the earnings, and
to ensure that the risks and accounting
treatments are clearly disclosed so that
shareholders can understand their po-
tential impact. How can a sharp-eyed
director defend the interests of share-
holders in this regard? Again, the pro-
cess begins with some basic questions:
• What hedging programs are in place?
• To what extent are derivatives used?
• Are proper safeguards in place to
protect against their abuse?
• What are the worst-case scenarios of
the company’s use of derivatives?
• Is the accounting treatment complete
and in the spirit of generally accepted
accounting principles (GAAP)? Is
GAAP treatment sufficient to describe
the business value and risks of the
derivative program?
MINEFIELD 5
27. Related-Party Transactions
Related-party transactions are those
made with entities that are controlled
by the company or that have control
july–august 2001 7
The NYSE, Amex, and Nasdaq have all revised their
requirements for listing companies, explicitly stating that
some board members must be “financially literate.”
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
gets, and against domestic and global
competitors. To serve those interests,
it’s reasonable to expect board members
to ask:
• Are there aspects of the accounting
methods used that may cause invest-
ors, security analysts, compensation
committees of the board, or others
to under- or overassess the business’s
financial performance during the
current reporting period?
• Are there differences between the
company’s financial reports and
its competitors’ that need to be
disclosed?
28. Financial Literacy
Accounting game players are adroit, to
be sure, and most investors and board
members believe it takes one to know
one. But it’s foolish – and dangerous – to
declare oneself ignorant and hence
powerless against their machinations.
We don’t argue that board members
and senior managers must become ex-
perts on all aspects of financial report-
ing. That would be an unreasonable
goal. However, to be effective, board
members – particularly those serving on
audit committees – must have enough
knowledge of financial reporting issues
to draw on experts as needed and have
the ability to raise key questions to de-
termine whether shareholder interests
8 harvard business review
are adequately protected. Indeed, it is
now a formal requirement. In 1999, the
NYSE, Amex, and Nasdaq all revised
their requirements for listing compa-
nies, explicitly stating that some board
members must be “financially literate.”
Financial literacy is defined as the
“ability to read and understand funda-
mental financial statements, including a
company’s balance sheet, income state-
ment, and cash flow statement.” It also
requires understanding the supporting
29. notes found at the back of corporate
annual reports. But financial literacy ex-
tends beyond comprehension of finan-
cial reports. Financially literate business
people can make well-reasoned judg-
ments about the quality of a company’s
financial reporting, the clarity of its fi-
nancial disclosures, and the appropriate
degree of aggressiveness or conservatism
of its accounting policies.
This article aims to arm more man-
agers and board members with this kind
of literacy – and also to remind them of
their obligations. The issue facing any
business is whether or not its accounting
methods present a reasonable picture
of earnings compared with prior periods
and compared with domestic and for-
eign competitors. Do yours?
Reprint r0107k
To place an order, call 1-800-988-0886.
Microsoft is one company that be-
lieves the differences should be trans-
parent, so it voluntarily provides earn-
ings information under several different
accounting methods. Should more busi-
nesses follow its lead? Naturally, the
challenge is to present a fair view of
financial results while not providing so
much information as to damage the
company’s competitive position.
Equally important are the needs to
30. understand the performance of a busi-
ness compared with its competitors and
to develop stock price-related reward sys-
tems that motivate executives to excel.
Performance comparisons require an
understanding of how profits and assets
are measured in domestic and foreign
competitors. If Wal-Mart, the world’s
largest retailer, wants to compare its fi-
nancial performance with Carrefour,
the second largest retailer, it will have to
convert Carrefour’s earnings, assets, and
liabilities to U.S. accounting methods –
or restate its own reports using reporting
policies consistent with Carrefour’s.
Worldwide, companies have different
reporting standards with respect to fre-
quency, detail, and audit requirements,
and it’s unlikely that even board mem-
bers with financial backgrounds can be
fully apprised of them all. But investors
must be able to benchmark perfor-
mance against prior periods and bud-
T O O L K I T • A c c o u n t i n g M i n e f i e l d s
This document is authorized for use only in Kris Michaelson's
ACT580-1 course at Colorado State University - Global
Campus, from May 2017 to November 2017.
Case: Tread Lightly through These Accounting Minefields
(critical essay)
Read the Tread Lightly through These Accounting Minefields
case study. This case addresses the different ways that
31. companies choose to deal with the pressure created by an ever-
changing economic climate. For example, managers are
pressured to report sales growth figures that meet investor
expectations, which can result in companies issuing misleading,
and even fraudulent, financial reports. The case identifies six
“minefields” where accounting abuse can take place: revenue
measurement and recognition, provisions and reserves for
uncertain future events or costs, asset valuation (and
overvaluation), derivatives, related-party transactions, and
information used for benchmarking performance.
The case includes questions at the end of each accounting
minefield section. Write a 5- to 6-page paper that addresses how
these questions relate to the case. Include suggestions for what
can be done to minimize the impacts of such activities on the
financial statements (the impact is always there, but we attempt
as auditors, whether internal or external, to reduce the effect to
an Immaterial level).
Include a description of your approach to the issues and your
solutions to the problems described in the case.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
· 5 to 6 pages in length, not including title and reference pages
· Formatted according to the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and
APA Requirements
· Include at least 3 credible outside reference sources
Reference for this Critical Thinking Assignment:
Sherman, H.D., & Young, S.D. (2001). Tread lightly through
these accounting minefields. Harvard Business Review, 79(7),
129-135.