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The People's Action Party was founded on November 21, 1954 in Singapore. It was founded by Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Keng Swee, Toh Chin Chye, S Rajaratnam, Devan Nair, Lim Chin Siong, and Lim Kim San. The origins of the PAP can be traced to the Malayan Forum started by Dr. Goh Keng Swee, which united left and right-leaning students in London in the fight for Malayan and Singaporean independence. Some members of the Malayan Forum returned to Singapore in 1953 and formed the Council for Joint Action with Lee Kuan Yew as their legal advisor, bringing him into union politics. Lee Kuan Yew also
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PAP
The People's Action Party was founded on November 21, 1954 in Singapore. It was founded by Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Keng Swee, Toh Chin Chye, S Rajaratnam, Devan Nair, Lim Chin Siong, and Lim Kim San. The origins of the PAP can be traced to the Malayan Forum started by Goh Keng Swee while he was a student in London, which united left and right students in the fight for Malayan and Singaporean independence. Goh Keng Swee was the first chairman of the Malayan Forum, succeeded by Toh Chin Chye. In 1953, some members including Goh Keng Swee and Toh Chin Chye returned to
Historyevan2
Toh Chin Chye was a Singaporean politician and founding father who made many contributions to Singapore. He was born in Malaya in 1921 and obtained his PhD in physiology from the National Institute for Medical Research in London in 1949. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1959 to 1968 and held several ministerial positions, helping lead Singapore during its early years. He was also a co-founder and long-time chairman of the People's Action Party from 1954 to 1981.
Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for autonomous and sovereign constituent units for Muslim-majority areas of India. Maulvi Fazal ul Haq moved the resolution at the Muslim League session in Lahore led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It proposed that the North-Western and Eastern zones of India, where Muslims were in majority, be grouped to form independent states. The resolution aimed to address the Two Nation theory and give Muslims a separate homeland due to their disappointment with Congress leadership and desire for political, economic, and cultural safeguards. Hindu leaders reacted bitterly, calling it anti-national and an attempt to obstruct India's freedom movement.
Role of Deoband Ulama ... Its 1857* Sorry!
The document summarizes the role of Deobandi ulama (Islamic scholars) in strengthening the foundation of the Indian freedom movement between 1857-1924. It discusses how the ulama participated in the War of Independence in 1857 and later movements. It describes how the ulama of Deoband adopted an independent line from both the Congress and Sir Syed, establishing Deoband as a center for religious guidance. It outlines the ulama's involvement in the Khilafat Movement and support for Gandhi, as well as later criticism of blindly following the Congress. It concludes that the religious scholars played an important role in providing ideological support for the two-nation theory and eventual independence movement.
Khilafat movement (1919-1924)
Khilafat movement (1919-1924)
Initiated by two Ali brothers:
o Muhammad ali jauhar
o Shaukat ali jauhar
Two major demands:
1. Retain the caliph sultan (mehmed VI)
2. Saudi Arabia (makkah, madina), Syria (Great Mosque of Damascus, Umayyad Mosque), Iraq (Imam Ali Mosque) and Palestine (Al Aqsa Mosque) must be under the territory of turkey or under the khilafat of ottman empire because they have historical importance for Muslims.
Khilafat Movement And Simon Commission
Khilafat Movement, Initiated by two Ali brothers:
Muhammad ali jauhar
Shaukat ali jauhar
And Simon Commission, Group of seven British members has been sent to look into the political situation of India and suggest reforms.
Lahore Resolution 1940 and Aftermath
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th March, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan.
Background of the passage of The Lahore Resolution
October 1940 Gandhi’s announcement of Satyagagrah ( Resistance)
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th march, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan
The political situation of subcontinent
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
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PAP
The People's Action Party was founded on November 21, 1954 in Singapore. It was founded by Lee Kuan Yew, Goh Keng Swee, Toh Chin Chye, S Rajaratnam, Devan Nair, Lim Chin Siong, and Lim Kim San. The origins of the PAP can be traced to the Malayan Forum started by Goh Keng Swee while he was a student in London, which united left and right students in the fight for Malayan and Singaporean independence. Goh Keng Swee was the first chairman of the Malayan Forum, succeeded by Toh Chin Chye. In 1953, some members including Goh Keng Swee and Toh Chin Chye returned to
Historyevan2
Toh Chin Chye was a Singaporean politician and founding father who made many contributions to Singapore. He was born in Malaya in 1921 and obtained his PhD in physiology from the National Institute for Medical Research in London in 1949. He served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1959 to 1968 and held several ministerial positions, helping lead Singapore during its early years. He was also a co-founder and long-time chairman of the People's Action Party from 1954 to 1981.
Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution of 1940 called for autonomous and sovereign constituent units for Muslim-majority areas of India. Maulvi Fazal ul Haq moved the resolution at the Muslim League session in Lahore led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It proposed that the North-Western and Eastern zones of India, where Muslims were in majority, be grouped to form independent states. The resolution aimed to address the Two Nation theory and give Muslims a separate homeland due to their disappointment with Congress leadership and desire for political, economic, and cultural safeguards. Hindu leaders reacted bitterly, calling it anti-national and an attempt to obstruct India's freedom movement.
Role of Deoband Ulama ... Its 1857* Sorry!
The document summarizes the role of Deobandi ulama (Islamic scholars) in strengthening the foundation of the Indian freedom movement between 1857-1924. It discusses how the ulama participated in the War of Independence in 1857 and later movements. It describes how the ulama of Deoband adopted an independent line from both the Congress and Sir Syed, establishing Deoband as a center for religious guidance. It outlines the ulama's involvement in the Khilafat Movement and support for Gandhi, as well as later criticism of blindly following the Congress. It concludes that the religious scholars played an important role in providing ideological support for the two-nation theory and eventual independence movement.
Khilafat movement (1919-1924)
Khilafat movement (1919-1924)
Initiated by two Ali brothers:
o Muhammad ali jauhar
o Shaukat ali jauhar
Two major demands:
1. Retain the caliph sultan (mehmed VI)
2. Saudi Arabia (makkah, madina), Syria (Great Mosque of Damascus, Umayyad Mosque), Iraq (Imam Ali Mosque) and Palestine (Al Aqsa Mosque) must be under the territory of turkey or under the khilafat of ottman empire because they have historical importance for Muslims.
Khilafat Movement And Simon Commission
Khilafat Movement, Initiated by two Ali brothers:
Muhammad ali jauhar
Shaukat ali jauhar
And Simon Commission, Group of seven British members has been sent to look into the political situation of India and suggest reforms.
Lahore Resolution 1940 and Aftermath
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th March, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan.
Background of the passage of The Lahore Resolution
October 1940 Gandhi’s announcement of Satyagagrah ( Resistance)
Lahore Resolution passed on 24th march, 1940 in Lahore at then Minto Park and now know as Minar-e-Pakistan
The political situation of subcontinent
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
Khilafat movement
The Khilafat Movement was a significant Islamic movement organized in India from 1919-1924 by the Ali brothers to unite Indian Muslims in support of the Ottoman Sultan. The movement sought to defend the Turkish Empire and the Khalifa against attacks by European powers. Though it gained popularity initially by aligning with Gandhi's non-cooperation movement, the Khilafat Movement declined after violent incidents led to its suspension and finally ended when Turkey abolished the Khalifate and became a republic in 1924.
China sim1
China was formerly ruled by dynasties. Sun Yat Sen established the Republic of China in 1911. He was opposed by the Kuomintang party led by Chang Kai Shek. Mao Zedong defeated Chang and established communist rule, founding the People's Republic of China in 1949. He instituted controversial policies like the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, and was chairman until his death in 1976.
Ppt all india muslim league
Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah played key roles in the establishment of Pakistan. Iqbal advocated for a separate Muslim homeland and is considered the ideological founder of Pakistan. Though he did not explicitly use the term "Pakistan", his 1930 Allahabad address demanded a separate state for Indian Muslims. Jinnah initially joined the Indian National Congress but later became a leader in the All India Muslim League, recognizing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. He argued that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate nations and demanded the establishment of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims where they could govern themselves according to Islamic principles. The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 to represent and safeguard Muslim political interests against Hindu domination in British India.
Life and Times of Lee Kuan Yew Slides
Lee Kuan Yew was born in 1923 in Singapore to a middle-class family. He helped found the People's Action Party in 1954 and led them to victory in 1959, becoming Singapore's first prime minister. As prime minister, Lee transformed Singapore's economy and established it as a modern, wealthy nation. However, tensions caused Singapore to leave Malaysia in 1965. Lee remained an influential figure, resigning as prime minister in 1990 but continuing to offer advice. He worked tirelessly to build Singapore until his death in 2015.
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Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and educated at Elphinstone Institute School, later becoming the first Indian to hold an academic position as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Elphinstone College. Naoroji played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress along with A.O. Hume and authored the book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" which brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his intellectualism and leadership in the early Indian independence movement
Pakistan resolution 1940
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution that was passed in Lahore in 1940. It provides background information on the key leaders involved, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The main reasons for passing the resolution were the Two Nation Theory, the need for Muslims to have political and economic safeguards, and the disappointment with Congress rule from 1937-1939. The resolution called for autonomous Muslim states in northwest and eastern regions where Muslims were a majority. Its passage united Muslims behind the goal of demanding a separate homeland and gave momentum to the Pakistan movement. It faced opposition from Congress and Hindus who saw it as a threat to a united India.
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we the students from FY.BTCH CSIT , a group of three took a part in a compitetion where we got opportunity to show our skills. The ppt contains audio and video for better understandings
Life after war
After the war, Singapore faced many challenges including shortage of food, housing, and other essential supplies. Food was in short supply due to damage to rice production and merchant ships during the war. The government implemented rationing and price controls and opened people's restaurants to address the food crisis. Schools also faced problems with lack of facilities and materials after reopening. The government worked to provide supplies and waive fees to help students. Housing was also an issue as many residences were destroyed, leading to overcrowding. The government constructed new flats but was unable to fully solve the problem. Overall, it took determined efforts to rebuild and return to normal living standards after the war.
Why was malaya against merger at first
Malaya was initially against merging with Singapore for both political and racial reasons. Politically, Malaya feared communist influence would spread from Singapore's majority Chinese population, many of whom were loyal to communist China. Racially, the merger would result in a combined population with more Chinese than Malays, threatening Malay dominance, which was important to UMNO, the party representing Malay interests in Malaya. Both factors led Malaya to be unwilling to merge with Singapore at first.
Life after war
The document summarizes several issues Singapore faced after World War 2 including food shortages, disruption of utilities, shortage of housing, unemployment, and poor health conditions. It describes how the war destroyed infrastructure like ports and warehouses, disrupting food supplies. Food rationing and people's restaurants were set up to address high prices and starvation. Utilities like water and electricity were disrupted due to damaged pipes and machinery. Schools re-opened but faced shortages of facilities and materials. Many houses were destroyed, increasing overcrowding and rents. Unemployment increased after war jobs ended. Medical services and vaccination campaigns helped address spreading disease and malnutrition in this difficult post-war period.
System of governance
This document discusses different systems of governance including communism, socialism, and capitalism. Under communism, citizens give their cows to the government who then provides milk. In socialism, citizens give one cow to their neighbor. In capitalism, citizens sell one cow and buy a bull. The document then provides more details on communism, outlining its origins with Karl Marx, current communist states, and key differences with socialism which focuses more on economic rather than political control. Capitalism is defined as an economic system where wealth is privately owned rather than publicly owned. The rest of the document discusses the threat of communism in Singapore and Malaya in the post-WWII period when the Malayan Communist Party gained influence and sparked unrest through union activities and strikes.
Cow's reproductive system
The document discusses the cow's reproductive system. It begins by introducing the topic of the cow's reproductive system and mentions the gastro-intestinal parts. It then lists cognates, which are words in two languages that have a common origin and are thus similar or identical, using the example of the English word "kiosk" and the Spanish word "quiosco" which come from the Turkish word "kosk".
System of governance
This document discusses different systems of governance including communism, socialism, and capitalism. Under communism, citizens give their cows to the government who then provides milk. In socialism, citizens give one cow to their neighbor. In capitalism, citizens sell one cow and buy a bull. The document then provides more details on communism, outlining its origins with Karl Marx, current communist states, and key differences with socialism which focuses more on economic rather than political control. Capitalism is defined as an economic system where wealth is privately owned rather than publicly owned. The rest of the document discusses the threat of communism in Singapore and Malaya in the post-WWII period when the Malayan Communist Party gained influence and sparked unrest through union activities and strikes.
Types of government
There are several types of governments discussed in the document. Representative democracies are systems where citizens vote for representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf, as seen in countries like the United States, France, and Russia. Constitutional monarchies have a monarch whose powers are limited by an elected lawmaking body, as in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Spain. Dictatorships concentrate power in a single leader, like Cuba under Fidel Castro, Germany under Hitler, and Iraq under Saddam Hussein.
The Democracy Movement
Here is a timeline of key events in China from 1911-1989 with explanations of the most important events:
1911 - Xinhai Revolution overthrows the Qing dynasty, establishing the Republic of China
1949 - Communist Party led by Mao Zedong defeats the Nationalists in civil war, establishes the People's Republic of China
1958-1962 - Great Leap Forward leads to famine killing tens of millions due to failed economic policies
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The document discusses liberalism in the Philippines, including the liberal ideology, the Liberal Party of the Philippines, and the broader liberal movement. It defines liberalism as committed to individual liberty and a society where individuals can pursue their interests. It outlines the Liberal Party's role in postwar reconstruction and as opposition to the Marcos dictatorship. It also describes organizations that comprise the liberal movement, such as the National Institute of Policy Studies, Kabataang Liberal ng Pilipinas, and Liberal International.
Lee Kuan Yew
1) Lee Kuan Yew was one of the founders and the first secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP). He went on to become Singapore's first prime minister from 1959 to 1990.
2) Lee formed the PAP in 1954 to gain independence from British colonial rule. The PAP won a majority in 1959 elections and Lee became prime minister.
3) After initially merging with Malaysia in 1963, Singapore separated two years later due to political and racial tensions. Lee worked to establish Singapore's security and develop its economy in the post-independence period.
Liberalism in the Philippines
Liberalism in the Philippines:
Ideology, Party & Movement
by Dr. Julio Teehankee
National Institute for Policy Studies
Chair of the Department of International Studies at the De La Salle University- Manila.
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The document provides an overview of the Enlightenment, including that it was an intellectual movement where thinkers used reason and science rather than religion to understand the world. It took place from the late 17th century through the 18th century, starting in Britain and spreading to France and the Americas. Before the Enlightenment, most of Europe was ruled by absolute monarchs and religious authorities, while the Enlightenment encouraged changes in government, society, and economic structures and influenced revolutions through the ideas of influential philosophers.
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The document discusses the Progressive Movement that occurred in the early 1900s in the United States. It challenged traditional education ideals and was influenced by thinkers like John Dewey. The movement promoted experimentalism and less authoritarianism in schools. It emphasized teaching subjects that interested students rather than a standardized curriculum. By the early 1940s, concerns over basic skills and discipline rose and the Progressive Movement lost influence over school practice.
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The document discusses political parties and India's party system. It explains that India has a multi-party system with no single dominant party. The Indian National Congress was the dominant party after independence due to its role in the independence movement but its dominance has reduced over time as other national and regional parties have emerged. It also profiles some important political philosophers in India like Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and Deendayal Upadhyaya and their ideas of total revolution, democratic socialism, and integral humanism respectively.
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Khilafat movement
The Khilafat Movement was a significant Islamic movement organized in India from 1919-1924 by the Ali brothers to unite Indian Muslims in support of the Ottoman Sultan. The movement sought to defend the Turkish Empire and the Khalifa against attacks by European powers. Though it gained popularity initially by aligning with Gandhi's non-cooperation movement, the Khilafat Movement declined after violent incidents led to its suspension and finally ended when Turkey abolished the Khalifate and became a republic in 1924.
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China was formerly ruled by dynasties. Sun Yat Sen established the Republic of China in 1911. He was opposed by the Kuomintang party led by Chang Kai Shek. Mao Zedong defeated Chang and established communist rule, founding the People's Republic of China in 1949. He instituted controversial policies like the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution, and was chairman until his death in 1976.
Ppt all india muslim league
Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah played key roles in the establishment of Pakistan. Iqbal advocated for a separate Muslim homeland and is considered the ideological founder of Pakistan. Though he did not explicitly use the term "Pakistan", his 1930 Allahabad address demanded a separate state for Indian Muslims. Jinnah initially joined the Indian National Congress but later became a leader in the All India Muslim League, recognizing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. He argued that Hindus and Muslims constituted separate nations and demanded the establishment of Pakistan as a homeland for Muslims where they could govern themselves according to Islamic principles. The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 to represent and safeguard Muslim political interests against Hindu domination in British India.
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Lee Kuan Yew was born in 1923 in Singapore to a middle-class family. He helped found the People's Action Party in 1954 and led them to victory in 1959, becoming Singapore's first prime minister. As prime minister, Lee transformed Singapore's economy and established it as a modern, wealthy nation. However, tensions caused Singapore to leave Malaysia in 1965. Lee remained an influential figure, resigning as prime minister in 1990 but continuing to offer advice. He worked tirelessly to build Singapore until his death in 2015.
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Dadabhai Naoroji was an early Indian political and social leader who was the first Asian to be elected to the British House of Commons in 1892. He was born in Mumbai and educated at Elphinstone Institute School, later becoming the first Indian to hold an academic position as Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Elphinstone College. Naoroji played a key role in founding the Indian National Congress along with A.O. Hume and authored the book "Poverty and Un-British Rule in India" which brought attention to the draining of India's wealth into Britain. He was known as the "Grand Old Man of India" for his intellectualism and leadership in the early Indian independence movement
Pakistan resolution 1940
The document summarizes the Pakistan Resolution that was passed in Lahore in 1940. It provides background information on the key leaders involved, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah. The main reasons for passing the resolution were the Two Nation Theory, the need for Muslims to have political and economic safeguards, and the disappointment with Congress rule from 1937-1939. The resolution called for autonomous Muslim states in northwest and eastern regions where Muslims were a majority. Its passage united Muslims behind the goal of demanding a separate homeland and gave momentum to the Pakistan movement. It faced opposition from Congress and Hindus who saw it as a threat to a united India.
Azadi ka mohotsav final
we the students from FY.BTCH CSIT , a group of three took a part in a compitetion where we got opportunity to show our skills. The ppt contains audio and video for better understandings
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Life after war
After the war, Singapore faced many challenges including shortage of food, housing, and other essential supplies. Food was in short supply due to damage to rice production and merchant ships during the war. The government implemented rationing and price controls and opened people's restaurants to address the food crisis. Schools also faced problems with lack of facilities and materials after reopening. The government worked to provide supplies and waive fees to help students. Housing was also an issue as many residences were destroyed, leading to overcrowding. The government constructed new flats but was unable to fully solve the problem. Overall, it took determined efforts to rebuild and return to normal living standards after the war.
Why was malaya against merger at first
Malaya was initially against merging with Singapore for both political and racial reasons. Politically, Malaya feared communist influence would spread from Singapore's majority Chinese population, many of whom were loyal to communist China. Racially, the merger would result in a combined population with more Chinese than Malays, threatening Malay dominance, which was important to UMNO, the party representing Malay interests in Malaya. Both factors led Malaya to be unwilling to merge with Singapore at first.
Life after war
The document summarizes several issues Singapore faced after World War 2 including food shortages, disruption of utilities, shortage of housing, unemployment, and poor health conditions. It describes how the war destroyed infrastructure like ports and warehouses, disrupting food supplies. Food rationing and people's restaurants were set up to address high prices and starvation. Utilities like water and electricity were disrupted due to damaged pipes and machinery. Schools re-opened but faced shortages of facilities and materials. Many houses were destroyed, increasing overcrowding and rents. Unemployment increased after war jobs ended. Medical services and vaccination campaigns helped address spreading disease and malnutrition in this difficult post-war period.
System of governance
This document discusses different systems of governance including communism, socialism, and capitalism. Under communism, citizens give their cows to the government who then provides milk. In socialism, citizens give one cow to their neighbor. In capitalism, citizens sell one cow and buy a bull. The document then provides more details on communism, outlining its origins with Karl Marx, current communist states, and key differences with socialism which focuses more on economic rather than political control. Capitalism is defined as an economic system where wealth is privately owned rather than publicly owned. The rest of the document discusses the threat of communism in Singapore and Malaya in the post-WWII period when the Malayan Communist Party gained influence and sparked unrest through union activities and strikes.
Cow's reproductive system
The document discusses the cow's reproductive system. It begins by introducing the topic of the cow's reproductive system and mentions the gastro-intestinal parts. It then lists cognates, which are words in two languages that have a common origin and are thus similar or identical, using the example of the English word "kiosk" and the Spanish word "quiosco" which come from the Turkish word "kosk".
System of governance
This document discusses different systems of governance including communism, socialism, and capitalism. Under communism, citizens give their cows to the government who then provides milk. In socialism, citizens give one cow to their neighbor. In capitalism, citizens sell one cow and buy a bull. The document then provides more details on communism, outlining its origins with Karl Marx, current communist states, and key differences with socialism which focuses more on economic rather than political control. Capitalism is defined as an economic system where wealth is privately owned rather than publicly owned. The rest of the document discusses the threat of communism in Singapore and Malaya in the post-WWII period when the Malayan Communist Party gained influence and sparked unrest through union activities and strikes.
Types of government
There are several types of governments discussed in the document. Representative democracies are systems where citizens vote for representatives to make laws and govern on their behalf, as seen in countries like the United States, France, and Russia. Constitutional monarchies have a monarch whose powers are limited by an elected lawmaking body, as in the United Kingdom, Sweden, and Spain. Dictatorships concentrate power in a single leader, like Cuba under Fidel Castro, Germany under Hitler, and Iraq under Saddam Hussein.
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The document discusses liberalism in the Philippines, including the liberal ideology, the Liberal Party of the Philippines, and the broader liberal movement. It defines liberalism as committed to individual liberty and a society where individuals can pursue their interests. It outlines the Liberal Party's role in postwar reconstruction and as opposition to the Marcos dictatorship. It also describes organizations that comprise the liberal movement, such as the National Institute of Policy Studies, Kabataang Liberal ng Pilipinas, and Liberal International.
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1) Lee Kuan Yew was one of the founders and the first secretary-general of the People's Action Party (PAP). He went on to become Singapore's first prime minister from 1959 to 1990.
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The document discusses political parties and India's party system. It explains that India has a multi-party system with no single dominant party. The Indian National Congress was the dominant party after independence due to its role in the independence movement but its dominance has reduced over time as other national and regional parties have emerged. It also profiles some important political philosophers in India like Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, and Deendayal Upadhyaya and their ideas of total revolution, democratic socialism, and integral humanism respectively.
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This document provides a detailed history of the Indian freedom struggle from 1857 to 1947. It discusses key events and figures in the movement, including the 1857 revolt, the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the leadership of Gandhi. Major nonviolent resistance campaigns are summarized, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi, and the Dandi March. The document also outlines violent revolutionary acts by nationalist groups and the executions of revolutionary leaders like Bhagat Singh.
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Chapter 8 Singapores Step Towards Self Governement 1955 19592719
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Pap
- 1. History of PEOPLE’S ACTION PARTY
- 3. Founded 21 November 1954
- 4. Founder Lee KuanYew Goh Keng Swee Toh Chin Chye S Rajaratnam Devan Nair Lim Chin Siong Lim Kim San
- 5. Origins of PAP The PAP’s origins can be traced to the Malayan Forum started by Dr Goh Keng Swee. The Forum comprised of a group of students who met in London. It united students from the Left and Right in the fight for independence of Malaya and Singapore.
- 6. Goh Keng Swee, who was at London School of Economics, was the first Chairman. He was succeeded by Toh Chin Chye, who was reading for doctorate in Physiology. Origins of PAP
- 7. Some of them, with the passion of Independence, took up the political cause and came back to Singapore in 1953. Later, Dr Goh, Kenny Byrne and Dr Toh formed the Council for Joint Action with Lee Kuan Yew as the legal advisor. That was how Lee Kuan Yew got involved in union politics. Origins of PAP
- 8. During then, Lee Kuan Yew was also the legal advisor to SamadIsmail, Lim Chin Siong and Devan Nair. The newly returned graduates from Cambridge and London gathered fortnightly at the basement of Lee Kuan Yew’s rambling Straits-Style bungalow in Oxley Road. It was coined as “The Underground”, suitably apt considering the risk of being arrested under Internal Security regulations that forbade such political meetings. Origins of PAP