The Pacific Research Platform (PRP) aims to create a "Big Data freeway system" across research institutions in the western United States and Pacific region by leveraging high-bandwidth optical fiber networks. The PRP connects multiple universities and national laboratories, providing bandwidth up to 100Gbps for data-intensive science applications. Initial testing of the PRP demonstrated disk-to-disk transfer speeds exceeding 5Gbps between many sites. The PRP will be expanded with SDN/SDX capabilities to enable even higher performance for large-scale datasets from fields like astronomy, genomics, and particle physics.

1. Pacific Wave and PRP Update
Big News for Big Data
John Hess
Dr. Larry Smarr
WESTNET 2016
FORT LEWIS COLLEGE
JUNE 16, 2016

2. Six Charter Associates:
• California K-12 System
• California Community Colleges
• California State University System
• Stanford, Caltech, USC
• University of California
• California Public Libraries
• CENIC is a 501(c)3 created to serve
California’s K-20 research & education
institutions with cost-effective,
high-bandwidth networking

3. Three networks operate simultaneously as
independent layers on a single infrastructure:
 CalREN Digital California (DC) daily use for
e-mail, web browsing, videoconferencing, etc.
 CalREN High Performance Research (HPR)
high-performance, data-intensive efforts
 CalREN eXperimental Developmental (XD)
bleeding-edge research on the network itself
CENIC: California’s Research & Education NetworkCENIC: California’s Research & Education Network

4. CENIC: California’s Research & Education Network
• 3,800+ miles of optical fiber
• Members in all 58 counties connect via
fiber-optic cable or leased circuits from
telecom carriers
• Over 10,000 sites connect to CENIC
• 20,000,000 Californians use CENIC
• Governed by members on the segmental
level
• Collaborate with over 500 private sector
partners
• 88 other peering partners
(Google, Microsoft, Amazon …)
• Enables worldwide collaboration

5. Pacific Wave
and WRN
• Pacific Wave and the Western Region Network provide
for a 100Gbps network spanning the Western United
States serving PNWGP, CENIC, FRGP, ABQGP and UH.
• Pacific Wave and NSF IRNC awardee PIREN (Univ of
Hawaii) work together supporting AARNet links to
California and Washington and expansion of high-
speed service through the Pacific Islands Region
w w w . p n w - g i g a p o p . n e t

6. Pacific Wave
International Exchange
A project of CENIC and PNWGP
John Hess
Network Engineer
w w w . p n w - g i g a p o p . n e t

7. Pacific Wave
• Began as first geographically distributed exchange in
2004
• Pacific Wave is an open exchange supporting both
commercial and R&E peers
• Currently serves 29 countries peering across the Pacific
and Western United States
• With PNWGP and TransPac, announced the first
100Gbps Trans-Pacific link from Tokyo to Seattle in
2015

8. R&E Exchanges within R&E
• StarLight (Chicago, IL)
– StarLight Consortium/MREN
• MANLAN (New York, NY)
– NYSERnet
• WIX (Washington, DC)
– University of Maryland/MAX GigaPOP
• AmLight (Miami, Florida)
– Florida International University/Florida LambdaRail
• Pacific Wave (Western US)
– CENIC and PNWGP

9. National/Global Activities
• NSF provides support of the R&E exchange points
through the competitive IRNC (International Research
Network Connections) program with funding for
backbone, infrastructure and innovation
• The Global Lambda Integrated Facility
– The GLIF brings together some of the world’s premier
networking engineers who are working together to
develop and international infrastructure

10. GLIF/GOLE

12. Nx100G Across the Pacific
• CURRENT:
– TransPac/Pacific Wave (Tokyo-Seattle)
– SINGAREN/Internet2 (Singapore-Los Angeles)
– SINET/SoftBank/Pacific Wave (Tokyo-Los Angeles)
– AARNET/PIREN/Pacific Wave (Australia-SEA)
• FUTURE:
– AARNET/PIREN/Pacific Wave (Australia-LA) – end of June 2016
– UH/PIREN/Pacific Wave (Guam-Hawaii-LA)

13. Pacific Wave and NSF/IRNC
• Pacific Wave has been partially supported
through three separate five-year National
Science Foundation grants supporting growth,
connectivity and innovation
• Current award promotes 100G expansion and
implementation of SDX capabilities within
Pacific Wave (ACI-1451050)

14. SDX = SDN + IXP
14
AS A Router
AS C Router
AS B Router
BGP Session
SDN Switch
SDX Controller
SDX

15. Abstraction Layer (FlowSpace Firewall)
OpenFlow Switches
On-ramp Locations (Ethernet / virtual circuits)
Network Testbed
Enivironments
Circuit Building (NSI)
SDX middleware
OpenFlow Controllers
(plural)
Testbed Resources / Other Uses (DTNs) Science Group Applications / Uses
Pacific Wave SDX Testbed Control Plane

17. Next Step: The Pacific Research Platform Creates
a Regional End-to-End Science-Driven “Big Data Freeway System”
NSF CC*DNI Grant
$5M 10/2015-10/2020
PI: Larry Smarr, UC San Diego Calit2
Co-Pis:
• Camille Crittenden, UC Berkeley CITRIS,
• Tom DeFanti, UC San Diego Calit2,
• Philip Papadopoulos, UC San Diego SDSC,
• Frank Wuerthwein, UC San Diego Physics and
SDSC

18. The Pacific Research Platform (PRP)
• NSF CC-NIE and similar projects represent significant investments in campus
infrastructure including SDN, Science DMZ’s (~130 projects)
• But the scientists are still struggling with the complexity of using the network and
interoperability between different implementations of Science DMZ’s
• PRP focuses on enabling the science communities across the Pacific region to
make effective use of the high performance infrastructure
• Kick-off in December 2014: take advantage of the regional infrastructure;
perfSONAR for measurement / analysis and MaDDash for visualization
• Include DTN’s: use a common software suite for data movement; reflect disk-to-
disk performance on MaDDash
• Demonstrated as a proof-of-concept at the CENIC Spring meeting (March 2015)

19. DOE ESnet’s Science DMZ: A Scalable Network
Design Model for Optimizing Science Data Transfers
A Science DMZ integrates four key concepts into a unified whole:
– A network architecture designed for high-performance applications, with the science
network distinct from the general-purpose network
– The use of dedicated systems for data transfer
– Performance measurement and network testing systems that are regularly used to
characterize and troubleshoot the network
– Security policies and enforcement mechanisms that are tailored for high performance
science environments
http://fasterdata.es.net/science-dmz/

20. PRPv0 - An experiment including:
Caltech
CENIC / Pacific Wave
ESnet / LBNL
NASA Ames / NREN
San Diego State University
SDSC
Stanford University
University of Washington
USC
UC Berkeley
UC Davis
UC Irvine
UC Los Angeles
UC Riverside
UC San Diego
UC Santa Cruz
20

21. 21
PRPv0 Experiment
The PRPv0 experiment concentrated on the
regional aspects of the research data movement
challenge.
 High-performance interconnection
among campus Science DMZs
 A mesh of perfSONAR toolkit instances
 perfSONAR MaDDash -- Measurement
and Debugging Dashboard
 Flash I/O Network Appliances (FIONAs)
and Data Transfer Nodes (DTNs)
 GridFTP file transfers to quantify
throughput, with results reflected on
MaDDash
 CalREN HPR / AS2153
 A partial mesh of bilateral BGP
sessions across the Pacific Wave
distributed exchange

22. FIONA – Flash I/O Network Appliance:
Linux PCs Optimized for Big Data on DMZs
FIONAs Are
Science DMZ Data Transfer Nodes (DTNs) &
Optical Network Termination Devices
UCSD CC-NIE Prism Award & UCOP
Phil Papadopoulos & Tom DeFanti
Joe Keefe & John Graham
Cost $8,000 $20,000
Intel Xeon Haswell E5-1650 v3 6-Core 2x E5-2697 v3 14-Core
RAM 128 GB 256 GB
SSD SATA 3.8 TB SATA 3.8 TB
Network Interface 10/40GbE Mellanox 2x40GbE Chelsi+Mellanox
GPU NVIDIA Tesla K80
RAID Drives 0 to 112TB (add ~$100/TB)
UCOP Rack-Mount Build:
Source:
John Graham and Tom
DeFanti, Calit2

23.  DTNs loaded with Globus
Connect Server suite to obtain
GridFTP tools.
 cron-scheduled transfers using
globus-url-copy.
 ESnet-contributed script parses
GridFTP transfer log and loads
results in an esmond
measurement archive.
 FDT – developed by Caltech in
collaboration with Polytehnica
Bucharest
23
As of 3/9/15, the Pacific Research Platform (PRPv0) as a facility, logs rather good
performance:
From To Measured
Bandwidth
Data Transfer Utility
San Diego State Univ. UC Los Angeles 5Gb/s out of 10 GridFTP
UC Riverside UC Los Angeles 9Gb/s out of 10 GridFTP
UC Berkeley UC San Diego 9.6Gb/s out of 10 GridFTP
UC Davis UC San Diego 9.6Gb/s out of 10 GridFTP
UC Irvine UC Los Angeles 9.6Gb/s out of 10 GridFTP
UC Santa Cruz UC San Diego 9.6Gb/s out of 10 FDT
Stanford UC San Diego 12Gb/s out of 40 FDT
Univ. of Washington UC San Diego 12Gb/s out of 40 FDT
UC Los Angeles UC San Diego 36Gb/s out of 40 FDT
Caltech UC San Diego 36Gb/s out of 40 FDT
Table I.2.1: Bandwidth of flash disk-to-flash disk file transfers shown between several sites
for the existing experimental facility “PRPv0.”

24. January 29, 2016 PRPV1 (L3)
PRP Point-to-Point Bandwidth Map
GridFTP File Transfers-Note Huge Improvement in Last Six Months
June 6, 2016 PRPV1 (L3)
Green is Disk-to-Disk
In Excess of 5Gbps

25. Troubleshooting Unidirectional Performance Issues

26. Measuring Performance – IPv6

27. Measuring Performance – IPv4

28. 28

29. PRP Timeline
• PRPv1
– A routed Layer 3 architecture
– Tested, Measured, Optimized, With Multi-domain Science Data
– Bring Many Of Our Science Teams Up
– Each Community Thus Will Have Its Own Certificate-Based Access
To its Specific Federated Data Infrastructure.
• PRPv2
– Incorporating SDN/SDX, AutoGOLE / NSI
– Advanced IPv6-Only Version with Robust Security Features
– e.g. Trusted Platform Module Hardware and SDN/SDX Software
– Support Rates up to 100Gb/s in Bursts And Streams
– Develop Means to Operate a Shared Federation of Caches
– Cooperating Research Groups

30. Resources
w w w . p n w - g i g a p o p . n e t
Pacific Wave
http://www.pacificwave.net/
https://ps-dashboard.pacificwave.net
CENIC
http://www.cenic.org/
https://ps-dashboard.cenic.net
Pacific Research Platform
http://prp.ucsd.edu/
http://cenic.org/files/publications/PRP_Overview_%C6%92.pdf
http://prp-maddash.calit2.optiputer.net/maddash-webui/
Calit2
http://www.calit2.net/
CITRIS
http://citris-uc.org/
ESnet
http://www.es.net/
http://fasterdata.es.net/
http://ps-dashboard.es.net/

31. Vision:
Creating a Pacific Research Platform
Use Optical Fiber Networks to Connect
All Data Generators and Consumers,
Creating a “Big Data” Freeway System
“The Bisection Bandwidth of a Cluster Interconnect,
but Deployed on a 20-Campus Scale.”
This Vision Has Been Building for 15 Years

32. Creating a “Big Data” Freeway on Campus:
NSF-Funded Prism@UCSD and CHeruB Grants
Prism@UCSD, Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC, Calit2, PI (2013-15)
CHERuB, Mike Norman, SDSC PI
CHERuB
These Are Two
of Over
100 NSF Campus
Cyberinfrastructure
Grants
Made in the
Last 4 Years

33. How Prism@UCSD Transforms Big Data Microbiome Science:
Preparing for Knight/Smarr 1 Million Core-Hour Analysis
12 Cores/GPU
128 GB RAM
3.5 TB SSD
48TB Disk
10Gbps NIC
Knight Lab
10Gbps
Gordon
Prism@UCSD
Data Oasis
7.5PB,
200GB/s
Knight 1024 Cluster
In SDSC Co-Lo
CHERuB
100Gbps
Emperor & Other Vis Tools
64Mpixel Data Analysis Wall
120Gbps
40Gbps
1.3Tbps

34. For Big Data Science, One Needs Bandwidths Orders of Magnitude Higher
Than the Shared Internet Between Campuses
Bandwidth from My Office
in Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute
Bandwidth On
the Pacific Research Platform:
500 Times the Bandwidth of the Shared Internet!

35. Invitation-Only PRP Workshop Held in Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute
October 14-16, 2015
• 130 Attendees From 40 organizations
– Ten UC Campuses, as well as UCOP Plus 11 Additional US Universities
– Four International Organizations (from Amsterdam, Canada, Korea, and Japan)
– Five Members of Industry Plus NSF

36. GPU JupyterHub:
2 x 14-core CPUs
256GB RAM
1.2TB FLASH
3.8TB SSD
Nvidia K80 GPU
Dual 40GbE NICs
And a Trusted Platform
Module
GPU JupyterHub:
1 x 18-core CPUs
128GB RAM
3.8TB SSD
Nvidia K80 GPU
Dual 40GbE NICs
And a Trusted Platform
Module
PRP UC-JupyterHub Backbone
UCB Next Step: Deploy Across PRP UCSD
Source: John Graham, Calit2

38. Cancer Genomics Hub (UCSC) is Housed in SDSC:
Large Data Flows to End Users at UCSC, UCB, UCSF, …
1G
8G
Data Source: David
Haussler, Brad Smith, UCSC
15G
Jan 2016
30,000 TB
Per Year

39. Two Automated Telescope Surveys
Creating Huge Datasets Will Drive PRP
300 images per night.
100MB per raw image
30GB per night
120GB per night
250 images per night.
530MB per raw image
150 GB per night
800GB per night
When processed
at NERSC
Increased by 4x
Source: Peter Nugent, Division Deputy for Scientific Engagement, LBL
Professor of Astronomy, UC Berkeley
Precursors to
LSST and NCSA
PRP Allows Researchers
to Bring Datasets from NERSC
to Their Local Clusters
for In-Depth Science Analysis
Data Flows Over HPWREN

40. Global Scientific Instruments Will Produce Ultralarge Datasets Continuously
Requiring Dedicated Optic Fiber and Supercomputers
Square Kilometer Array Large Synoptic Survey Telescope
https://tnc15.terena.org/getfile/1939 www.lsst.org/sites/default/files/documents/DM%20Introduction%20-%20Kantor.pdf
Tracks ~40B Objects,
Creates 10M Alerts/Night
Within 1 Minute of Observing
2x40Gb/s

41. community resources. This facility depends on a range of common services, support activities, software,
and operational principles that coordinate the production of scientific knowledge through the DHTC
model. In April 2012, the OSG project was extended until 2017; it is jointly funded by the Department of
Energy and the National Science Foundation.
OSG Federates Clusters in 40/50 States:
Creating a Scientific Compute and Storage “Cloud”
Source: Miron Livny, Frank Wuerthwein, OSG

42. We are Experimenting with the PRP for Large Hadron Collider Data Analysis
Using The West Coast Open Science Grid on 10-100Gbps Optical Networks
Crossed
100 Million
Core-Hours/Month
In Dec 2015
Over 1 Billion
Data Transfers
Moved
200 Petabytes
In 2015
Supported Over
200 Million Jobs
In 2015
Source: Miron Livny, Frank Wuerthwein, OSG
ATLAS
CMS

43. 40G FIONAs
20x40G PRP-connected
WAVE@UC San Diego
PRP Links
Creates Distributed Virtual Reality
PRP
CAVE@UC Merced

44. Dan Cayan
USGS Water Resources Discipline
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
much support from Mary Tyree, Mike Dettinger, Guido Franco and other colleagues
NCAR Upgrading to 10Gbps Link Over Westnet
from Wyoming and Boulder to CENIC/PRP
Sponsors:
California Energy Commission
NOAA RISA program
California DWR, DOE, NSF
Planning for climate change in California
substantial shifts on top of already high climate variability
UCSD Campus Climate Researchers Need to Download
Results from NCAR Remote Supercomputer Simulations
to Make Regional Climate Change Forecasts

45. average summer
afternoon temperature
average summer
afternoon temperature
Downscaling Supercomputer Climate Simulations
To Provide High Res Predictions for California Over Next 50 Years
45
Source: Hugo Hidalgo, Tapash Das, Mike Dettinger

46. approximately 50 miles:
Note: locations are approximate
to CI and
PEMEX
Extending PRP/CENIC Optical Backplane
via High Speed Wireless Research and Education Network

47. Real-Time Network Cameras on Mountains
for Environmental Observations
Source: Hans Werner Braun,
HPWREN PI

48. 14 May 2014:
9 Simultaneous Active Fires in San Diego County
San Diego County Red Mountain Fire Cameras
• Southeast (left) “Highway” Fire
• Southwest (center rear) “Poinsettia” Fire
• West (right) “Tomahawk” Fire

49. Interactive Virtual Reality of San Diego County
Includes Live Feeds From 150 Met Stations
TourCAVE at Calit2’s Qualcomm Institute

50. HPWREN Users and Public Safety Clients
Gain Redundancy and Resilience from PRP Upgrade
San Diego Countywide
Sensors and Camera
Resources
UCSD & SDSU
Data & Compute
Resources
UCSD
UCR
SDSU
UCI
UCI & UCR
Data Replication
and PRP FIONA Anchors
as HPWREN Expands
Northward
10X Increase During Wildfires
Data From Hans-Werner Braun
• PRP CENIC 10G Link UCSD to SDSU
– DTN FIONAs Endpoints
– Data Redundancy
– Disaster Recovery
– High Availability
– Network Redundancy

51. NSF Has Funded Over 100 Campuses to Build Local Big Data Freeways:
Imagine Linking All of Them Like the Pacific Research Platform
Red 2012 CC-NIE Awardees
Yellow 2013 CC-NIE Awardees
Green 2014 CC*IIE Awardees
Blue 2015 CC*DNI Awardees
Purple Multiple Time Awardees
Source: NSF

52. Next Step: Global Research Platform
Building on CENIC/Pacific Wave and GLIF
Current
International
GRP Partners