Project 3

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
Arc 211 – American Diversity and Design
Spring 2017
Online Discussion Questions
Andrew McGowan
http://economicsdetective.com/2016/07/costs-ethnic-diversity-garett-jones/

2. Arc 211 has really opened my eyes to a whole new way of viewing the world.This class has
allowed me to appreciate the design in our ever day lives. I have also learneda lot aboutthe
history of the United States and how it developed.I really have appreciatedbeing able to create
my own new ways of designingthings,and have also developed an appreciation for those whose
designedthe things before me.When I consider design,I know take more into accountthan just
its looks,I also asses how usefulit is in day to day life.
Andrew McGowan

3. 1
Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
The author openedher chapter withthe example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empiresI the history of China. She
explainedhow design innovation contributedto Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts,
and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical)that gave advantage to a
group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation?Were any groups negatively impactedby this innovation?
For example, the telegraph, developed andpatented in the UnitedStates in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmitmessages acr oss both
continents and oceans almost instantly, withwidespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speedallowedbusiness persons to make
decisions with up-to-date information, oftenresultingin big profits. Those withoutaccess had to rely on outdated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
An invention that changed w ar as we know it,and gave the U.S an upper hand w as the creation of the first atomic bomb in 1945 by J. Robert Oppenheimer. A w eapon that is
10 ft long and 28 inches and diameter, that w hen detonated can cover an area of almost tw o miles is unheard of. With great pow er comes great responsibility to make sure such
w eapons are not misused. This technology benefited the U.S w hen bombs "Fat Man" and "Little Boy" w ere used to end w orld war 2. They w ere the first and last atomic bombs to ever
be used. This had a huge social impact in the U.S. Japan surrendered and both moral and spirit w ere up allaround the country. It also had an impact on other countries, because they
realized they could not w in a w ar without such technology, pressuring their scientists to rush to be able to create such a w eapon. A negative impact w as that many people lost their
lives in Japan due to the bombs, around 130 thousand. In addition it had a negative effect on some in the U.S because they believed that if another country w ere to build a bomb they
might use it on us. Now adaysthe thought of nuclear w eaponsis even more scary, with nine countries possessing 15,000 nuclear w eapons the thought of globalnuclear w arfare is
terrifying.
https://w w w .slideshare.net/jhy er/atom ic-bom b-2 2 7 7 3 8
1 http://www.atomicheritage.org/history/little-boy-and-fat-man

4. On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding HiddenConsequences
The editorsstate that“diverse participation in the designprocess,from bothprofessionalsand public citizensalike,yields more equitable results.” This
m akes sense,buttypically hasnot beenthe case. Nonetheless,many marginalized groups have impacted design in waysthathave changed ourvisualand
physicalworlds aswell asoursystems,policies, and institutions.For example, in the 1960s,disability rightsadvocatesdesigned mediaeventsto raise
awarenessaboutbarriersin the physicalenvironment. They persisted withtheir efforts for decades,and,finally,in 1990,the Americans withDisabilitiesAct
became law.It mandated accessibility in public accommodationssuch asrestaurants and stores,public transportation,communication, and other areas of
publiclife.This dramatically changed our physical environment(from curb cutsto rampsto automatic doors) and the results made public life more
equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a designthatwas impacted by a diversity group.How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note thata design can
be anything requiringplanningand development prior to the production of anaction, system,visual, materialobject,or environment. Also, keep in mind
that, for ourpurposes, a diversity group isa group of individuals who are underrepresented in society insome way—children,older adults,the economically
disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
In 1962, women were earningonly 53 cents for every dollara male made. Frequent protestsand strikeslead president Kennedy tointroduce the Equal Pay Act in 1963, even
thoughhe faced opposition from manybusinessleaders, and the U.S chambersof commerce believed that women were more costly to employ thanmen.This is a big win in my
opinion because it showed that anything ispossible and it lead the way to way to more rightssuch asthe Civil Rights Actwhichprohibited discrimination based on race, origin, sex, and
color. More examplesare the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, and Medical Leave Act. It's important to keep fighting for what we believe in, and to make sure we let the government and
big business know thatwe the people are in charge. Evenin 2012 there wasstill a large wage gap of 77centsfor womenfor everyone dollarmade by a male. Im curious to see how
thingsprogressin the yearstocome, ifwomanare satisfied withthe 24 cent raise of the past 54 years, or ifthey will continue to fightfor the actually even pay. Im also curious to see
how they will go about wantingchange, weather it be protestsor petitions or strikes.

5. http://m tcowgirl.com /2017/02/17/gianforte-continues-to-oppose-to-equal-pay -for-equal-work
2FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes'diagram entitled
“Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an
icon ofan event.(Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication ofthe event?
This photo was taken seconds after two bombs went off near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three spectators
and wounding more than 260 other people. 78 year old runner Bill Iffrig lies on the ground dazed and confused as to what is going on
as he is 20 feet away from finishing the Boston Marathon. Ithink this photo is so powerful because when I look at it I think "no matter
how hard you knock us down, we will get back up even stronger." This event may have shook us, but I have no doubt we are now
stronger as a nation. It has not stopped the Boston Marathon, nowadays the event is even safer with more checkpoints, drone patrol,
and more police.
2 http://observer.com/2017/04/boston-marathon-bombing-anniversary/

6. http://www.history.com/topics/boston-marathon-bombings
FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “T he Worst Design of2016 Was Also the Most
Effective”
T ypically,we do not think ofhats as elements ofmass media or social media.However,the two hats (red and pink) discussed
in the articles certainly have taken on that role.Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of
communication design?What meanings do each ofthe two hats carry?In terms ofcommunication design,how are they
similar?And how are they different from one another?
What makes the hats vehicles ofcommunication is that they both get theirmessage out very effectively. The pink hats main pu rpose
is"keep the attention on trump's lewd comments"while trumps red hats are for promoting his campaign. They are similarbecauseas men tioned in
the article "the hats are both unifying and antagonistic"The pink hats unify all those who oppose trump, and his lewd c omments while also being
satirical. While Trumps hats unify his supports, they also pokefun at the democrats with the slogan "Make America great agai n"implying that
obama did a bad job while in office. In my opinion the hats are different because the Pink hats have a malicious intentbeing that they want to put
trump in hot water. While trumps hats have a simpler goal ofpromoting his brand and uniting his supporters, the hat is not t rying to harm
someone's reputation.
https://www.dem ocracy now.org/2017/1/23/headlines/m illions_protest_worldwide_against_donald_trum ps_presidency

7. Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (writtenin 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in
the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method,
work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers;it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply
than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S.
society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How
do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Ford's production line had huge social impact.Nearlyeverything now days is made on an assemblyline.The assemblyline res ulted in higher productivity
which lead to more profits,which then sometimes lead to higher payfor the workers.Higher productivity means more products, which leads to lower prices,
making iteasier for the common people to buy things.I think production is aboutto get a whole lot more complexand advanced.Everything with be electronically
controlled and operated making things run very efficiently. I think this is going to improve human conditions bymaking life easier,and I think all these
technologicallyadvancements will inspire people.Justlook at Elon Musk who has been called the real life Tony Stark, the man wants to put people on mars and
build underground tunnels for cars.I believe we're on the very of a modern daygolden age,the future is bright.
http://corporate.ford.com/innovation/100-years-moving-assembly-line.html

8. Response IDEAAwards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect
William McDonough and chemist Dr.Michael Braungart?How does this productresist or disregard the concept?Do you
know ofany products that embrace Cradle-to-Cradle design? If so, please describe.
I think one idea that fits the Cradle to Cradle design is the "Tetra Pot". The Tetra Pot is a sea defense season that will be put
along coastlines that will interlock to create a long-lasting sea defense of growing trees and roots. The Tetra pot really fits the cradle
to cradle design because it has a biodegradable pot that will leave behind no waste. Not only will this act as a sea defense, it will help
the Ecosystem. Once the roots grow to the bottom forming a mangrove for animals to live in. The Tetra Pot will do more good to the
environments than harm.
http://www.designrulz.com/product-design/table-product-design/2010/06/3735/

9. 3
Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week presentdifferent ways of thinkingaboutarchitecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epochtranslated
into space.”AndrewBallantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of buildingrelationships. All agree that architecture
can change based on contextand culture. Choose twoworks of architecture from any of your materials this week—one withsensibilities about the past and one with
sensibilities aboutthe present and/or future. How do eachof these buildings either reflector challenge their cultural contexts?(Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this
question.)
The Highland Park Ford Plant w as the just the begging for massive factorybuildings. A plant w ith so much uninterrupted space w asunheard of at the time, but Henry Ford
needed the space since he w as about to change the manufacturing as w e knew it. The building w ould be an upgrade fromhis old factory filled w ith wooden posts everywhere that
w ere slowing down production. The building had huge w indowsto let in light and to also to let in fresh air w hich was good f or workers, making w orkersmore comfortable also
improved productivity. The huge plant also made it so Ford could have the room to research new techniques, leading to advances in cars and the manufacturing processes. Many of
the factory buildings w e have today are adaptations of Henry Ford and Albert Kahns buildings.
The Walt Disney Concert Hall built by Frank Gary. The building w as different because it w asdesigned fromthe inside out. Frank also w orked with an acoustic consultant to
determine that a box shape w ould be the best for sound. The building also has saddle shaped seating w here the crowd completely surrounds the orchestra making for a totally
different perspective. The building w as also designs with odd shapes on the outside representing Frank's love for sailing even though the inside of the building is only a box. Of the
most sensible things is that the building w as built long after Walt Disney had passed, w ith the intention of having his ideas and creativity live on through the building.
http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/about-walt-disney-concert-hall
https://www.hem m ings.com /blog/2013/07/19/highland-park-plant -birthplace-of-fords-assem bly -line-ey ed-for-preserv ation/
3 http://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/best-of-frank-gehry-slideshow

10. Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
AndrewBallantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideasaboutarchitecture thatseem tovalue the sensorial and materialelementsof life.How are Ballantyne’s
and Zumthor’sviewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly,howdo they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond tothis question.)
Ballantyne presentsthe ideathat a lot ofthe beauty in architecture and that the waywe should look at and evaluate the appearancesof buildingsisin their daily utilizations.
He compares the daily functions of a building and how useful it istothe people thatlive their to whathe calls the "tourist gaze"where the buildingisjust looked at for it appearance
and not itsusefulness. He also statesthat many people who use the buildingday today do not look at it for it appearances, butmainly for its usefulness.
Zumthor's view issimilar in some ways, throughout the writingthe way he talks about how certainaspects of architecture have beeningrained in hismemory and states,
experiencinga buildingphysically will stick witha person more than one who has just seen pictures. They bothagree that most people look at a building more for its appearance rather
than its function and purpose. ButZumthor's talks a lot more aboutequatingarchitecture to many forms or art suchas poetry and music.He also claims thatarchitecture isnot a
product of history and technical knowledge butrathera product of when it iscreated. In the end I believe that Ballantyne l ooks atarchitecture more for its purpose in day to day life,
and Zumthor's looks atit more for itsappearance.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/48132289745029596/

11. Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview:The Need for Planning,”discussedways in which planningcan determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller
towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintaina certainscale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grewup?
4
I grew up in Lake George NY about an hour north of Albany. Although a quiet little tow n in the Winter in become a huge tourist destination in the summer. My tourists come
to see the beauty of the lake, and the history that comes w ith. There are many attractions such as the lake itself, Battlefield Park, and Million-dollar beach. With lots of tourists you think
the roads w ould be designed to hold lots of traffic... they're not. Canada Street is the main road that runs straight through tow n and is alw aysbusy, if only tourist know they could just
use the backstreets or the highw ay to get to the other side of tow n. The main focus when planning the tow n wasto try and get as many buildings and businesses right on/next to the
lake, And then to fit houses in w hateverspace is left. There aren't really any large housing developments or residential areas inside of tow n, mostly just houses on the street, no grass
front yards or garages. Those w ho want a bit more privacy can move 5 to 10 minutes out of tow n and find a bit bigger house aw ay fromthe lake. The tow n itself if meant for tourism,
most people don't move there to start a family due to high taxes, and tourism. A lot of people ended up setting dow n in Saratoga, Latham, or Albany and then have no problem taking
the 30 minute to an hour drive to lake George.
https://fundforlakegeorge.org/savelakegeorgepartnership
4 http://www.lakegeorgeassociation.org/what-we-do/Education/Lake-George-Basics/Lake-George-Basics.asp

12. Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Im agine thatyou are partof a urbanplanningand designfirm working withEmily Talen(author of “Design ThatEnables Diversity”) and KentLarson (who
gave the TED Talk"BrilliantDesigns to Fit More People In Every City"The thee of you have beentasked withdevelopinga pla ntorebuild Pruitt Igoe in St.
Louis.City officialstold the three of you thatthatthey wantto do it right thistime.Identify three strategies for rebuildingPruittIgoe inwaysthatpromise to
be m ore successful.Whatwould Talendo? Whatwould Larson do? Whatwould you do? How would your strategies differfrom those of the original urban
planners/designersof the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
5If Larsenwere rebuildingthe Pruitt Igoe he would try and make the most of the living spaces throughout the wallsthat could be moved, and tohide appliances thatcou ld be
hiddenfrom view. The Pruitt Igoe would be good for thiskind of designbecause it would meet the standards of apartments, w hile also making more space to use. I don't think the
cu stomization he talks about would work withlow income housing, because whatmakesthe housing so cheap isthe fact that it iscommon and simple. Trying to make the rooms
different and more customizable would drive up the price defeatingthe purpose because the best rooms will alwayscost more. Talon would take opposition to the fact thatthe Pruitt
Igoe initially started assegregated housing by the governmentinstead of the actual aspects of segregation thatshe talks about. I thinkTalen would try and make it so the housingis
accessible to a wide variety of incomes butmainly middle class. She talks abouthow this canbe anattempt to give the appearance of diversity butthatit will most times fail, I think she
w ould have amix that would allow different types ofpeople towant apartments in the new designed buildings. She also thinks its important to have a sense of community in the
bu ildings so I think she would use the idea of balconieswhere people could meet and get toknow each other. Spacier apartments, more diversity, and cleanspacesin my opinion would
lead to a happier and better apartment complex.
http://smartcommunities.typepad.com/suzanne/2012/02/the-tragedy-of-pruitt-igoe-what-have-we-learned.html
5 https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/apr/22/pruitt-igoe-high-rise-urban-america-history-cities

13. Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned
city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would
Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not?
The basis for Olmsted's claim that " Buffalo is the best planned city" is because of the radial design for the city centered
around Niagara square, with the streets branching outward from the centered location. Olmsted was praised for developing one
of the first urban park systems here in Buffalo, it was unique because it had 3 interconnected parks connected by parkways.
This had a large impact on urbanization, because people now wanted to have more natural environments (like parks) in their
lives, not just concrete and glass. This was different than what Olmsted did in New York City with Central park. Central Park
was enclosed by the city, but in Buffalo Olmsted spread out the parks allowing more people to enjoy the environments. Olmsted
claim may have been true back in 1876 but I don't think it would be true anymore because we have made so many
advancements in city planning.
http://www.dailypublic.com/articles/06042015/paving-olmsted

14. Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this
project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention
commemorate/memorialize?How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the
design will be? (Either writtenor visual descriptions are acceptable).
Something in my hometown ofLake George that I think should be memorialized is FortWilliam Henry. In 1755 the fort was builtby the British to protect
the southern end of Lake George. The fort currently has tours during the summer showing offsome artifacts and reenactments b etween the Indians and British.
Using Hoods triad of investigations, Iwould try and make the area around the fort into a landscape thatwould attract lots of people such as a park, and by doing so
people would be rightnext to the fort increasing the attendance.The fort is run as a business and a museum,I would wantto make it less ofa business and more
of a museum so Iwould try and lower ticket costs so the fort justbreaks even. I would try and get war reenactors to volunte er for a different show once a week
during the summer.By doing so I would hope to attract more of the local crowd. Currently mostlocals have visited the fort only once an d haven't returned because
they have seen all it has to offer. By doing this I feel like it would increase tourism in the town as well as educate locals and tourists aboutthe historyof the area.
http://www.lakegeorgeguide.com/regional-area-info/have-you-seen/lake-george-battlefield-park/

15. The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image thatoftenis includedin exhibits thatexplore issues of race andpower. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson
in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolitionof Slavery usedit to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an importantcomponent of the
abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limitedview of the history of the
transatlanticslave trade, resistance and abolition(Hudson 2007).”The lesson here is that howa viewer sees an image isdependent upon his/her social, economic, and
cultural position. Keepingthis in mind, findanother iconic graphic thataddresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by
clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment thatneeds to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic?What is its meaning? Now
imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background differentthan your ownis looking at the same graphic. Briefly de scribe this person. How might s/he interpret
its meaning? How mightthis differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessmentprinciples mentioned
in the article to help you:a technology of vision, an instrumentof empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
The image I chose made by Zachary Kanin, and Deron Grabel consists of Indians attacking cow boyswith arrows. The cartoon takes an outdated stereotype that Indians
attackcow boyswith arrowsbut modernizes things by having the cow boyexecutive offerthe attacking Indian a casino. While the Cow boy is now allmodernized, the Indian is still
portrayed as a savage w ho attacks humans w ith arrows, and that w e must do w hateverto calmthem dow n. If I w ere Indian and I saw this picture Imight think that it w as written by
some arrogant modern day cow boy, who thinks that all Indians now a day ow n casinos and shoot bows. Although Ihave never been to a casino I can see how native Americans would
be upset w ith the stereotype that they are savages who only own casinos. Iw ould interpret the image very similarly to the native American except I think it could have been w ritten by
anyone, as opposed to a cow boy.
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/390335492686530642/

16. Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core be liefs
and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.)(NOTE:
Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
After looking at the National Museum of African American History using equityXDesign, I think one of the main focuses of
the article is to help make sense of the compassion and give better understanding toward those who have experienced rougher
times than some of us may have had. In the "Equity pauses" the author states that many models will have little time for reflection
or a deeper understanding. I think the museum displays this well when people walking around the exhibits, and give the idea of
what some black communities have faced, and then going to the next one simply by a stream of people pushing them forward. I
believe a more united environment could lead to more empathy and a better understanding for other people and what they might
go through in life.
https://www.bls.gov /spotlight/2010/african_am erican_history /

17. First, let’s start with your ownhome. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) thatyou think of as representative of your own ethnic background and
discuss whyyou consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home thatyou think of as representative of your ethnic background anddiscuss why
this objectis consideredto be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.)Is this objector place somethingthat you will keep or continue whenyou establishyour ownhome?
Why or why not?
Now let’s move intoyour community. In “Landscape Stories,”the authors showhow landscape architects develop a historical narrative thatsifts throughand interprets
the culture andmaterial of underrepresentedgroups. Think about the community where you grewup. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the
physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural
influence beingacknowledged or preservedfrom future generations?Why or why not?(Limityour response to 250 words.)
A unique thing object in my home that represents my ethnic background is an old vintage German bicycle mounted right above my fireplace. When my dad w as a kid he
loved riding bicycles and w hen he found out they w ere first made by German Baron Karl von Drais, it only increased his interests. Ever since I can remember that bike has alw ays
been above my fireplace. My parents alw ays made sure w e had bikes to ride, It amazes me that I have heritage in a place that invented one of the most popular forms of
transportation, and I hope my dad passes the bike onto me.
The landscape in my community of Lake George is quite unique. It has a 32-mile-long, and 2 miles w ide lake that is surrounded by mountains. This made it a desirable location for
early settlers, w hich then led to many w arsaround the lake. So there is a high population of people w ith English heritage in the area since they've been there for almost 400 years.
http://www.oldbike.eu/m useum /1940s/1950s/1951-nsu-ladies-tourenrad-m odel-55/

18. Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger
controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in mod ern
dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethn ic
references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexitiesof this issue? (Limit
your response to 150 words.)
In some cases, controversy can be a good thing, it increases awareness about the teams, and can cause excitement and anxiety. When
you look at the Chicago Blackhawks logo you see a native American chief. With the logo and name alone, one may be able to argue it's offensive,
but the background info also needs to be taken into consideration. The team was named after the founder’s military unit the "Blackhawk Division"
which was named after Black Hawk a native American chief. I think sports designers should be allowed to use ethnic references as long as they
are meant to be a form of honor, and as long as they continue to provide the background information about the team's name.
https://www.nhl.com/blackhawks

19. In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganeshand Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches:1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a
new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Thenexplainhow the designer uses the approachto communicate a gender issue. Is the approacheffective in this example? Why or why
not? How could this graphicbe improved? (Limityour response to 200 words.)
6
This image gets your attention right fromthe start w ith its split in colors. The author splits the page dow n the center to help illustrate the divide betw een men and w omen.
There has alw ays been talkabout how some occupations are predominantly male or female, but in this graphic it starts out w ith jobs that are nearly 50% male and 50% female w hich
makes you think w hy are alljobs not like this? Then it show s some jobs that have had large shifts in percentages over the years. Ithink the strong contrast of colors helps get the point
across. In addition, I think the use of percentages and numbers help bring more attention to issue. I think it w ould have been coolif the author didn't have the color split dow n the
middle w here the jobs aren't 50% male and 50% female, instead having it be 75% one color and 25% the other if that's w hat the job percentages were.
https://mediamatters.org/research/2016/08/23/black-women-s-equal-pay-day-media-highlight-plight-women-color-workplace/212606
6 https://nwlc.org/issue/equal-pay-and-the-wage-gap/

20. Lastyear, NorthCarolina Governor Pat McCrory signedinto law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discriminationlaws, and requiredpeople to use the bathroom that
correspondedwiththe biological gender written on their birthcertificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know,we all have to make adjustments
in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situationfor decades in our country, and all of a suddenthrough political correctness we’re throwingaway basic etiquette.”
Just this past Thursday, the NorthCarolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placinga moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate?State why ANDstate why not. In other words,
to receive full credit for this question, you needto present an argument for both sides of the issue.As a designer, how wouldyou solve this gender dilemma? Use the
SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limityour response to less than250 words.)
It is impossible to know if someone if trans gender just by looking at them, it's possible w e may have used to bathroom at the same time as them w ithout even know ing. If we
can't even tell w hile sharing a bathroom w ith them, how is the government supposed to figure out someone’s sex. In the end of the day it is just going to the bathroom, but w e shouldn't
let the government decide w hat bathroomw e are allow ed to use, that should be our choice not theirs. I'm all for using w hateverbathroomyou feelmost comfortable in, but I see the
issue on letting people choose w hatever bathroomthey w ant to use. People could start using the opposite sex's bathroomon purpose to try and make the other sex feel
uncomfortable, and before w e know it all males w illonly be using the female bathroom and all the females w illonly be using the male bathroom.
https://www.theody ssey online.com /why -y our-gender-neutral-bathroom -argum ent -is-irrelev ent

21. Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy,
2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examplesfrom the list of five.
Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location
where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs.
The first picture is of me, taken from down the road from city hall. I would describe the first picture as slippery because Buffalo's cities hall
is framed by a relatively tight road. If you were to make the road wider so you could view more of city hall from far away, it would take away space
for buildings to occupy. The second photo is prickly because the guarantee building emphasizes vertically by sticking the vertical columns out
further than the rest of the building. Also at the corners of the rooftop it curves out rather than being flush with the building.
Andrew McGowan

22. Response to People Like Us: Tammy’s Story
After almost two decades of public assistance,Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a
local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners,
urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family
(and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve
their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem?
If I wanted to try and help Tammy I would want to setup a system where people who are under the poverty line could take free nightclasses atthe local
communitycollege to help them achieve their long term goal.The classes would be catered to those who work long days and have full time jobs,so they can get
an education and still have an income.I would also wantto try and get local businesses to hire these people and give them flexible ho urs so they can get an
education.By doing so I would hope to build up a strong community,and by having such a strong communitywe would form connections with schools and other
businesses.We could use these connections to help those who come through the system find internships and other jobs.
http://ly nden.org/item /whatcom -com m unity -college/

23. The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be
taken to ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
The first thing I would want to do is set up some sort of survey to figure out what the majority of people want. Do they
want buildings to be restricted by age, income, disabilities? or would they rather have there's be no restrictions. If I were in
charge I would have the first floors of most buildings would be reserved for the disabled, and I would also have one or two
buildings be 50 years older and up buildings that way the older citizens can chose if they want to live with older people or a
blend of different ages. I would then make a community center with disability type amenities, my goal would be to try and create
an environment where both the elderly and everyone else can co-exist and prosper.
http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2013/06/neighbourhood-node-new-and-old-regent-park

24. For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living
longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living
to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you
think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended
life spans?
If someone told me I was going to live to be at least 120 years old I don't know if I would be excited or terrified. I then ask myself the
question, what is an acceptable standard of living for me? Do I want to be able to walk and hike, or would I be satisfied wit h living in a nursing
home for a large number of years. If we were to have more people living older I would expect to see a rise in the amount of nursing homes. These
new biotechnology advancements are amazing yet scary. We don't know what the side effects of reprogramming our cells and organs would be.
The fact that we are even able to have conversation about altering our DNA is quite the accomplishment for humankind. People living with to 120
would have a huge impact on society. We would need to worry about how we would feed everyone, where would they live, how do we make
ourselves more unique? A positive that might come of this is that with more people creates more competition, and that could help push human to
the next level. An amazing question that nobody knows the answer to is "How much can humankind accomplish before were complet ely gone."
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/randall-horton/stop-infantilizing-old-people-please_b_8969134.html

25. The twomost frequently mentionedmodels of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’
that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea thatit is society that disables people, through designingeverything
to meet the needs of the majority of people who are notdisabled. There is a recognition withinthe social model thatthere is a greatdeal that society can do to reduce,
and ultimately remove, someof these disablingbarriers, and thatthis task is the responsibility of society, rather thanthe disabledperson.
In the Smithsonianonline exhibition, the story aboutthe superherohand, and Elise Roy’s TEDTalk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social
model rather thanthe medical model. In the Disability and DesignPowerPoint, you were introducedto the conceptof Universal Design (UD) (sometimes calledinclusive
design, design-for-all, or human-centereddesign). Certainly, UDembraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative
examples of each of the sevenprinciples of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please selectone of the sevenuniversal designprinciples, and postphotographs that show botha positive and a negative example of the
principle. Then address the following question:How do your examples empower or disempower various people?Describe the specific features of the positive example
and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
We have seen a huge development in Principle 1 "Equitable of use" and also Principle 2 " Flexibility in Use. People in w heelchairs have been able to drive cars for a long
time now with the use different systems that let them controlboth the brake and gas w ith their upper body and no need for the low er body. Living in this w ay has made cars and other
forms of transportation a necessity for functioning in society. The Kenguru electric car w as designed by someone in a w heelchair, for people in w heelchairs. The car w ould allow
w heelchair usersto be able to pull into a car and drive around the city at speeds of up to 25 mph. As important as cars our to our everyday lives, it is important that w e can make sure
that everybody can use them.
http://factslist.net/2013/03/rehab-electric-car-designed-by-a-hungarian-company-for-disables/

26. Our 2017 Design-A-Baby survey yieldedthe following characteristics as indicated by a majority of you:
● Sex: Male (47%)
● Hair Color:Dark Brown (22%)
● Hair Texture:Wavy (33%)
● Eye Color:Blue (26%)
● Race: Caucasian (36%)
● Height:5’-10” to 6’-1” (45%)
● IQ: 131-140 (20%)
● Memory:Excellent(43%)
● Athletic Ability:Excellent(43%)
● Weight:Average (79%)
● Disease Carrier:None (85%)
● Beauty:Somewhatattractive (46%)
Sounds like an all-around lovely person!Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to
choose poses some ethical questions. Of course, we all wantthe best for our own child. However, as we move intoa more colle ctive situation, we need to consider how
the consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in whichthe “science-fictionof humanenhancement” has become almosta way of life,
from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Manwith Three Ears”you are introducedto an artist w ho is usingcurrent technologyto move
humans beyond their current abilities. Lastweek, Juan Enriquezaskedus if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of thesevideos suggest thatthe conceptof
disability ‘as we knowit’ could cease to existin the future.
7
There’s many w aysyou can lookat the idea of creating a perfect baby. I agree that trying to make the perfect baby isn't 100 percent necessaryat the moment and there are
more important things that should be taken care of like w orld hungry. But as humans w e strive to get better and better so w hy not try and do more. Maybe by making the perfect baby,
w hen they grow up they willbe able to performtasks better and help make the w orld more efficient. Maybe w e could even genetically modify their DNA w hen they are born so they
can't get sick. If they are not sickit makes it so they have more time to to study, w orkout or do w hatever they please. A negative of this is that if w e make everyone "perfect," we are
bound to make a class of "imperfect" out of the perfect. Humans w illnow be consider imperfect over even the slightest of flaws. Ithink that before any of this happens w e allneed to
take a step back and ask ourselves, is this really w hat w ewant?
http://www.hansonrobotics.com/robot-baby-learns-how-to-express-emotion/
7 http://agbiosafety.unl.edu/education/summary.htm

27. The state of Massachusetts triedto ban the 1967 documentary TiticutFollies, arguing thatdirector Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting
written permission to film them. The case wentto court, and Wiseman arguedthat he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of
the state, the legal appeals carriedon for several years:in 1969, Massachusetts allowedthe film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals;in 1991, a
superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so man y years later.
Should Wiseman have beenallowedto film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to
designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects,interior designers, planners, landscape designers,systems designers, and/or social designers)? In
other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work?
If this film was never made available to the public, Facilities for the mentally ill may never have been improved. So yes this film
should be allowed to be shown to the public. We need to shed the light on the people who did things such as keep a prisoner
naked in solitary confinement for 17 years, guards who taunted prisoners, or used tear gas unnecessarily. Not to mention that
banning the film would be a violation of the film makers 1st amendment. The main thing that designers can learn from this film
is what not to do. We learn history so we don't make the same mistakes again. Designers and Planners can look at this and
figure out new and better ways to build and run a mental facility. How to keep the place clean, how to prevent abuse, and most
importantly, how can we help these people get better. It is important that when corrupt facilities like this are discovered that we
put it in the spotlight and don't let it get swept under the rug.
http://www.the-line-up.com /5-insane-asy lum s-horrors-happened

28. Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of OurInstitutionalModels"posited thatsociety characterizespeople withintellectual
disabilitiesas sub-humanand burdensof charity, He argued thatthis dehumanization,and the segregated institutionsthatresult from it,ignored the
potential productive contributions thatall people canmake to society.He pushed for a shiftin policy and practice thatrecognized the human needs of those
withintellectualchallenges and provided the same basic human rightsas for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and yourfour children live in Amherst, New Yorkin a $650,000home atthe end of a cul-de-sacon the edge of a ten acre
woods. The town haspurchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans tobuild a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a residentof the neighborhood, would you supportor oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information aboutthe residentsof the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents
exhibited challengingbehaviors includingscreaming, public masturbation,repetitive rocking,and echolalia(elective incontinence).However,these
behaviorshave not occurred since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents inyour neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposalto build a group home inthe neighborhood.Town officialsagreed
thatthe home would not be builtin yourneighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative.
Whatare some possible solutions that would allowthe residents of the home tobe provided with“the same basic humanrights as the rest of the population”?
I hate to admitbut I would have to oppose the proposal and I think most people would. When you look at the big picture of things, the home b eingbuilt has basically no
positivesand only negatives. I w ould be opposed ofanything beingbuilt in thatspot unlessitseither anotherhome for a family or a park. But afterhearing that the people that would
live their have done thingssuch asscreamingand public masturbation I need to do whatI think is best for myfamily and I. What if mykidswere outplayingin the yard and they
become upset because they heardisturbing noises? I know mykids scream and yell from time totime but they know not to do it in the middle of the night.What if we get kept up some
nightsdue tothe yelling. Overall their are too many negatives, and for that reason I can't take the risk. A possibility to help these people istobuild a special needscommunity. The
neighborhood would contain houses where those with mental illnessescould live togetherin theirown neighborhood free to do whateverthey please.
https://expertbeacon.com /buy ing-hom e-hoa-neighborhood-can-be-great -m ov e/#.WRj1U-Xy uUk

29. In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development
of our cities. Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From
their often active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious
structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of
our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of
worship, do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You
may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has
it influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of
worship play in the future development of your city/town?
A popular place of worship in my town of Lake George is the Sacred Heart Roman Catholic church. The church is located
in the center of town, and contains a large cemetery. After the French and Indian War, when people settled down they built the
church in the center of town because church was basically the center of their lives. In addition, most people who settled their
happened to be roman catholic. The church has done a lot for the people around it by providing services such as mass and
hosting dinners for those in need. The church has increased the value of the land and houses around it, because it has proven to
be convenient to live by the church, and the church has helped create a safe neighborhood surrounding it. I think that when it
comes to any future development of the town, they will try and keep the beauty of the church and the land around it a top
priority.
https://www.theknot.com /us/am anda -terzian-and-peter-lawton-oct-2015

30. Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of
understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that
transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study.
We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that requir e input
from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field need s
to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or
professional life?
My major is chemical engineering and I think one of the biggest problems the industry faces is learning new ways to synthesize and
manufacture substances. A main goal is trying to figure out ways we can do these processes for cheaper and with less energy. Take coal for an
example, its not infinite, and it causes a lot of pollution. Its up to us chemical engineers in the future to find new substances and or processes that
we can use to harness energy so we can power the future effectively, and have a positive impact on the Earth and Human kind. The first thing I
need to do is make sure I am update with the most popular techniques and substances. Hopefully when Im older and have a better understand I
can identify the major problems and offer solutions. As of right now I can just try my hardest in school so Im prepared for the field once I graduate,
but I sure to do look forward to future.
http://bue.libguides.com /Chem ical