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Michaela Senay

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University at Buffalo – State University of New York ARC 211 - American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017 Online Discussion Questions Diversity of Design
University at Buffalo – State University of New York ARC 211 - American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017 Online Discussion Questions Diversity of Design
Introduction: Diversity really does impact the creation of design. Everywhere you go the diversity of culture, race, and ethnicity affect the surrounding buildings, art, and even everyday items. I never really thought just how much design really was affected by its surroundings. What I found most interesting about this class was the change in focus. One week we are thinking about disabilities the next we’re thinking of religion. It kept me interested because each week there was something new to discuss. My viewpoints have become more broad now that I have thought of and discussed different topics up for debate. I have learned to understand two views and their points rather than a one sided argument. The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York.
Week 1 Week 1 Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies. For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage. One of the best innovations in the history of the United States was the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad. It was built between the year 1863 and 1869. The railroad connected the west to the east. The railroad allowed for easier transportation of goods and people. Instead of having to wait months for supplies and destinations to be reached it decreased to about a week. The building of the railroad also created more jobs for people country wide. Today the train is still used as a way of transportation although the automobile and airplane have surpassed the amount of time it would take to take a train.
Week 1 Thread 3 On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable. Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.) Steve Jobs struggled quite a bit a long his life but it did not deteriorate his success later on in life. He was given up for adoption as a baby and later lived in Mountain View California. Growing up although very smart he didn't care for school, as only a fourth grader administrators wanted Steve to continue into high school. Afterwards he continued onto Reed College only to drop out 6 months later, instead he took time to drop into creative classes. And at only 21, him and Wozniak founded Apple Computer, which was started up in just a garage. Steve Jobs died in 2011 at the age of 56 due to pancreatic cancer. Today Apple is worth nearly 495 billion dollars, and it all started with a 21-year-old in a garage.
Week 2 Thread 1: Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs Thread 1: FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event? I chose the image below because it rings a certain emotion for me. Below is a picture of a man jumping from the Twin Towers from the well-known 9/11 crash. This picture really brings the event into focus for me because the person shown had his own life. Putting that into perspective that he had a family, friends a job and hobbies, he lived much like we do every day, only to have to willing end his life because of what others have done. It’s sad to imagine watching this man’s life end before millions of viewers eyes. And to have this moment captured second before it all came to an end. I couldn’t bare imagine what was going through his mind. Now also imagine this exact moment happening to thousands of people of all different backgrounds. Seeing one really puts it into perspective that
Week 2 Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design Thread 2: FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective” NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another? The classic Trump hat is recognized worldwide. The bright ugly red hat is just a simple baseball cap followed by ‘Make America Great Again’ in a white Times New Roman font. Although there is nothing extraordinary about the hat, it can be recognized easily.
Week 3 Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society? As competition increased the visual form of products, such as Ford's Model T, the creation of advertising and marketing became important while selling new products and models. Even today the advertisement of products within the market is important. Within the next twenty years the human interference with computers will decrease. Instead of humans having to physically put in a design you can just speak to the computer and it will design something. But unlike living things such as humans and dog’s computers do not learn they just regenerate every time. Although some are concerned with whether or not computers will take over human jobs, it seems we are heading more towards human computer collaboration instead. Humans can direct computers what to do and machines can create the same precision every time.
Week 3 Thread 2: Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any product that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design. Please describe and site sources. The Tetra Pot 2016 IDEA Gold Award Product designed by Sheng Hung Lee, I/DSA and Won Kee Lee o IDEO created a way to make a natural defense against soil erosion and to create a natural habitat and ecosystem. This follows the Cradle-to-Cradle because it betters the ecosystem in a way of making a natural habitat for animals. The only disregard of the Tetra Pot is that the concrete itself is not a natural element. Another example of an invention created to better the environment is PEG or Personal Energy Generator. This generator allows you to charge any handheld electronic device through your own kinetic energy. www.removeandreplace.com
Week 4 Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) In 1956 the Southdale Center was built in Edina Minnesota by Victor Gruen, this center became what's best known as an indoor mall located in a suburban area. Gruen's goal was to create an area where the community could actually intermix without the rush of cars and traffic, ponds and plants were also brought to the interior to represent the outdoors of the downtown area. Windows were also placed high above in order to stray away from people being distracted from the outdoors. The idea format itself actually came from Vienna Austria, where Gruen was from, the context of the building challenged the norm of the typical shops. Gruen hated the advertisement present on commercial buildings, so instead the center had a blank wall towards the bustling street and was advertised inside. The Archicenter is a good example of a present building that can bring the community together. the shape allows for an easy flow of people; large windows allow for viewing of the community on three sides. A kitchen, fireplace and seating area were all important qualities that were important to include. Not only did the building bring people together but also the making of the center itself created a community activity. The project was built using wood masonry that is easy for anyone to do and also is good for the environment.
Week 4 Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) I found very few similarities between Ballanytyne and Zumthor, but one thing I believe they could both agree on is that architecture is an experience that one makes. Ballantyne derives that architecture is created by one’s personality or experience. A home is based on one’s style personality and preference; the home is affected by the person. Whereas Zumthor argues that that the person is actually affected by architecture, and he gives examples that he tries to incorporate memories of architecture when he was young with new qualities.
Week 5 Thread 1: Response to Levy Article Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses. John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up? The amount of character and demand is what affects where I live the most. Within Lancaster NY, it is a big town with approximately 500 students per graduating class and this number is only expanding. More and more people are residing in suburban neighborhoods such as Lancaster where new neighborhoods and lots are being offered. Due to this high demand of suburbanization, taxes for land, town and schools are increasing. The town of Lancaster itself has one of the highest taxes in Western New York in comparison to other towns in the district. Lancaster is also ranked number three for schooling in the districts. Taxes go towards sports, music, clubs, technology such as 3D printers, trade school (harkness), and academies. Although the taxes in my area are high it is only to match with the growing number of homes and productivity of the schools. No large buildings reside with individual homes. The placement of the town was done strategically. The city town is nestled in the middle of the city and any stores, restaurants, or gas stations are within an easy reach but do not interfere with the residential traffic. As for nature and the environment we have many town parks and a 13-mile bike path open for anyone to use. The town itself was thought out very strategically and it is no wonder that land in Lancaster is in such high demand.
Week 5 Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' response magine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective? In order to start what would be a new Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis City, it is important to first discuss three main strategies we wish to include in the rebuild. Through consideration of all three of our views, it is important to include affordability for the young and the old whom wish to live in the city, integrate a diversity of people with different race, social stability, and age. The placement of where the actual residual will also hold importance for easier networking for those without private vehicles. Within the reading "Design that Enables Diversity", Emily Talen spoke to me when she really enforced that there is a difference between integrating and creating a social mix. Integrating seems more forced and unnatural, where as a social mix is more natural and increases a positive mixture of diversity without a slight feel of segregation of race and social still lurking. So what we hope to include in the variation is a combination of different incomes, races, genders, ethnicities, household sizes and lifestyles. Larson is quick to think of solutions to as how we can accommodate people whom are all so different. He encourages the means of networking and how in Paris everything anyone needs within the villages is within a five minute where as new cities are not planned out as easily reachable. The location for the new Pruitt Igoe is key for those whom don't have access to private vehicles. Being near public transportation or walkways like the Highline in NYC allow easier transportation which Larson hopes for more in the future. With the varying incomes, family sizes and just overall personalities people can't all fit to one standard home multiplied a hundred times. Larson has been studying movable walls and also a survey that asks residents what is most important that they wish to include in their homes. The movable walls can then moves based on how much space or what the resident wishes to accommodate. If they wish to sit sixteen people for dinner, they will be able to by just moving other walls farther apart to extend the dining room, the possibilities are truly endless when arranging your home, the way you want to. As well as agreeing with the terms of Talen and Larson, I also believe it is important to enforce clean facilities and a surveillance of a sort to prevent vandalism and crime. In the new Pruitt Igoe residents can live the way they chose as long as they follow basic building guidelines, anyone can choose to reside here. Maintenance will be paid by the tenants pay, and if a resident cannot afford it they can pay buy putting in a few hours to clean the facility that would equal the amount they would have had to pay. Networking surrounding the building will be placed in a better way so residents can get jobs within walking or public transportation distances.
Week 6 Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not? Fredrick Law Olmsted created the first city within a park and first state park within the United States all within Buffalo New York. His claim that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public spaces and grounds, in the United States, if not the world", although his view may be biased, in 1876 he was not far off. Within Buffalo he was able to create over eight hundred acres of park space spread throughout the city, which is the same amount as Central Park in New York City. He was able to connect three main parts, the Front, the Parade and Delaware. As time went on we have also had to accommodate to the needs of people including cars and tourist sites while still preserving Goat Island. In 2012 in honor of the 125th Olmsted's Niagara Falls Plan, Buffalo passed twenty-five million dollars to preserve the park surrounding the falls. Although the parkways have augmented to fit society, I still believe Olmsted would make the same claim today because the foundation of the parkway is still there just with new approach for a changing society. The first ever parkways remain even after 150 years, that's pretty remarkable that a majority of the plans still remain for all to enjoy.
Week 6 Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable). If I were to memorialize any building in my hometown I would choose to focus on the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' located on the corner of Bowen and William in Lancaster New York. The schoolhouse was first built in 1868 as only a one room facility, heated using a potbellied stove in the middle of the room surrounded by desks. The structure itself was made entirely out of red brick hence the name 'Little Red School House'. The school taught grades ranging from grade k all the way to 12 within the small space. The school was in operation up until 1948. In 1968, a fire destroyed the roof and interior of the school. In 1973 the Lancaster Historical Society was formed and work was completed on the schoolhouse in 1978 and has been open to the public since. Lancaster holds such great history, but generation after generation, the history is overlooked as unimportant to the daily routine. The everyday mundane of the Lancaster resident doesn't revolve around Lancaster's historic landmarks, they simply pass them on their daily commute. In order to make these historical landmarks more important to the residents’ everyday lives, I believe it is important to include them in decision making. After creating a list of possibilities that have already been budgeted, offer up a town vote at a town board meeting then tally the vote. Afterwards you can announce what will take place in order to get the town people interested and excited about what will take place or be built. Specifically, at the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' I think it lacks activities. The school itself is only a one room facility that doesn't take much time to look around. I think adding activities outside may create a more active area. Maybe adding a playground will stimulate more interest from local kids. Children already find the old school interesting, but like I said there is not much to do afterwards, so putting in a playground is fitting especially since it is a schoolhouse after all. Following the playground benches, tables and coverage of some sort will be necessary for parents and guardians of the children playing. We want to create an area where kids can be kids and parents can relax all whilst enjoying the historical facility.
Week 7 Thread 1: Response to the Brookes The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Images especially from past history has always had a longing impression on those whom have viewed it, whether this being racial injustice, war, or human civil rights. Brookes was a famous image depicting the dehumanization of those enslaved and slated into boats they would then sell them like cargo. Racial issues are a continuous debate all the way from 1788 till now. The image I selected shows a young African girl inside a human zoo exhibit. The interpretation should be enough to make someone question the moral of those whom put a human in an enclosure in the first place. The little girl isn't even bothered by the many onlookers gazing at her, she just carries on as if it is a routine. For me my first reaction was astonishment, I had to reread my source for I could not believe there was such a thing as a human zoo. That’s where it catches, a HUMAN zoo, she is a human like everyone else and she is being overlooked like an animal at a petting zoo. The sad thing is, this is normal for her, she is so young that she knows nothing better, being treated like an animal being fed by strangers is what she finds normal, this image took place in Belgium in 1958. If someone from Belgium were to look at this picture and the date, I feel like they would feel a sense of disappointment, and similar to me question how a human could be treated this way.
Week 7 Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Equityxdesign can be used when discussing the placement and creation of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial. One of the beliefs I focused on was belief number one, which is Learning to see historical context matters. When creating something based on a historical figure, it is important to include some of the history and meaning behind the memorial. People want to be able to relate and recognize the historical content, it is also important to focus on where exactly its being built, why it's being built and whom it is being built for. Bonnie Fisher and Boris Dramov were able to portray the historical importance by including quotes from past speeches that promoted human civil rights and placing a 30-foot statue on an imaginary axis between Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson, two representative presidents in the nations struggle with black civil rights. When you follow the axis it shows how Lincoln paved the way for King because both gave their lives fighting for civil rights. Another important principle of Equityxdesign is to start with yourself. Although it is important to include historical context is necessary to fit to the present community. The memorial was meant to portray quotes from speeches that still ring true today. The memorial is a sanctuary, a place of peace sitting upon the water’s edge overlooking other famous monuments. It is a place of interaction for people of all ages, races and social groups, an interaction Martin Luther King Jr. once dreamed of.
Week 8 Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not? (Limit your response to 250 words.) I don't necessarily have a specific place or object in my own that represents my ethnicity year round. I am Irish and Polish so on st Patrick's day and Dyngus day, my family will decorate the home and celebrate with traditional foods and customs. Instead of the stereotypical partying done on St. Patrick's day, my family attends church and we ate an Irish meal consisting of corn beef and cabbage, mashed potatoes, beef stew, and soda bread. Same thing with Dyngus day, we attend church eat pierogies, sausage and potato pancakes and of course a butter lamb for bread. Depending on weather we will also attend the parade where girls wear crowns with strings and hold pussy willows, and boys have water guns. When I move away and have a family of my own I hope to carry out the same traditions. I am from Buffalo which is a very Polish and Irish induced city. Most bars in and around the city are Irish based such as a bar near my home called the Green Buffalo. Let’s not forget the enormous parade and partying permitted in Buffalo on St Patrick's day and or weekend. My town especially is very Polish based, everyone and their neighbor is of Polish descent. Dingus day is also a large holiday in Buffalo celebrated with a parade. We have many Polish restaurants such as Matka's and Papas, Polish Villa's, Polish Falcon and Redlinski's. It's safe
Week 8 Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.) I personally don't believe team branding designers should use ethnic references. I can speak representatively on this issue because in my junior year of high school, my school was foregoing changing our mascot from the Redskins to Legends. It was a very controversial topic even in a small town nevertheless for a known NFL team. Similar to Daniel Snyder, owner of Washington's NFL Club, we to believe the name only carried a sense of honor, respect, pride, and most importantly tradition. Although the change took some getting used to, especially for the alumni, three years later nothing about the town's pride has changed and now our mascot is not a racist slur towards Native Americans. Similar to my towns situation, Larger teams will eventually get used to the change and it will benefit everyone. It's 2017, racially slurred team names should be eliminated out of respect.
Week 9 Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source. First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.) The image I selected is a picture of both boys and girls playing with toys on a Toys R Us magazine. The designer did an excellent job of countering the typical gender stereotype of what boys and girls should be being playing with. Children are influenced at a young age on what is expected of them. Parents are the main factor behind raising their children using gender roles. Most parents due it out of fear that if their child is 'different', then they will be bullied or excluded by their peers. This ad helps break that gender barrier between 'boy toys' and 'girl toys'. The image portrays a little boy taking care of a baby doll, a girl playing with a nerf gun, and both a boy and girl playing with a doll house. With ads like these it promotes kids to play with whatever they want, and seeing other kids of their same gender playing with these toys will make them feel more comfortable. The approach is effective because it shows kids it okay to play with whatever toys you want. This ad speaks thoroughly to gender stereotypes; I cannot pick out anything to change.
Week 9 Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures. Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limit your response to less than 250 words.) I personally believe people should go to the bathroom where they are comfortable. Being able to use a bathroom is a basic human right, and no one should be denied something we can't control. As far as I'm concerned, someone whom undergoes a sex change and becomes trans gender it also means they become a whole new gender. If they were once a girl now they are a boy, they undergo so many changes so they can feel comfortable in their skin, so who are we to disregard their new gender due to a form signed at birth. I can also understand why people are uncomfortable with the situation at hand, if bathrooms don't require one gender in them then you can't discriminate between who is and isn't allowed in the bathroom. I personally would also not care to find a line of guys in the girl’s bathroom simply because they can. As a designer I would offer 'family' restrooms for either those whom are uncomfortable sharing their restroom or for trans genders and or people whom identify as a different race. The main problem with this solution would be the amount of space being taken up in facilities since family unisex bathrooms are one single room.
Week 10 Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs. In the summer I enjoy visiting the beaches in Buffalo. Some beaches are open and free to the public such as Bennett Beach, other either cost money to park, entrance or both. Sunset Beach, which is a very popular beach, charges a cost for both parking and admission, and the rate increases over the weekend. But along this beach is privately owned cottages and homes, so certain parts of the beach are non-accessible to the public. I would consider this example crusty because there is an obvious gate and sign that warns trespassers but you can easily see the private beach and easily walk right past the sign. Another example I can think of is the Buffalo Train Station, it is easily viewed from the street or the canal as pictured. I would consider this example to be slippery because most people don't access the train station unless an event is taking place, otherwise people feel like they are trespassing. The picture shows me kayaking next to the building in the Canal.
Week 10 Thread 2: Response to People Like Us After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher. Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem? I find this situation difficult to completely resolve with only design. The designers themselves cannot make living in a facility affordable, that is more so the owner of the facility. One solution I can think of is either building a facility in a more mainstream area where you are surrounded by jobs and opportunities and schools, where you don't have to walk 10 miles to school or work. Or if this isn't an option, perhaps better the bus or subway system and route. Offer a closer and more accurate bus route so Tammy would not have to walk 10 miles to work. But if we can effectively place an affordable living space less isolated and in a more functional area, perhaps being closer to jobs and other people could help Tammy's situation. That way if she wanted a day job then pursue a better education at night she can either walk or take a bus on route between home, work, and school. Design itself cannot completely change the wellbeing of those living in poverty, but it can make living more functional and better opportunities more achievable.
Week 11 Thread 1: Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice” The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park? The idea of Regent Park sounds very thought out and it seems they truly are trying to make the buildings as sociable as possible while still in mind that it is assisted living. Although well thought out, what concerns me is the fact that the structure itself is a 12 story high rise. This is not an apartment building, it is assisted living for the elderly and a high rise is not the best living option for the elderly. Also safety concerns me, if a fire ever occurred, it would be very difficult for them to walk down 12 flights of stairs to safety. I think a better option would be townhouses, one floor living with an open plan makes living and socializing more accessible. Also living in townhouses allows each resident to have a parking spot and storage for anything they chose to bring with them. Along with having townhouses I believe the facility should have shuttles and bus stops that way they can travel safely and to whatever socializing organizations that might be taking place. I agree socializing within the community is important so along with the shuttles within the facility, the residents should have easier access to bus stops in order to travel outside whether they want to get groceries or see their families, they should be able to do so. Price is always a wandering concern; can these amenities be affordable.
Week 11 Thread 2: Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?” For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life spans? It is no doubt that the higher life expectancy is the bigger the population. It's a part of life, people will always continue to reproduce, and they rightfully should. But what concerns me is where exactly will everyone be residing and working. If life expectancy goes up, then the age at which people will retire will also go up. If people are expected to live till 120, they're not likely to retire at 65, a whole 55 years of their life is expected to be left. Otherwise our medical care for the elderly such as Medicaid will need to increase in order to take care of those for another 55 years. If people do decide to increase the age till retirement, then we now have less job openings. Young adults looking for jobs straight out of college will have a harder time finding jobs, for no one is retiring and new job openings aren't becoming readily available. Another concern of mine that I did mention is where will everyone reside? Cities and now suburbs are busier than ever, so where will everyone live comfortably. Clearly it would be such an advancement to be able to have life expectancy go up do to medical advancement. But there are certain problems that we have to put into perspective.
Week 12 Thread 1: Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person. In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design. For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a positive and a negative example of the principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various people? Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved. One of the principles of design that should be thought of more is the effects of low physical effort.The original example I show in the first picture is how people used to clean, just a sponge, soap and a bucket of water. This method though can become tiring and aching especially as people age. In the second image it shows a power scrubber which makes it easier to reach harder areas and the bristles spin which decreases the amount of scrubbing you also need to do, so you only need to hold the handle and control how fast the brush should spin. This new example makes it easier for older people to maintain cleaning their home without hurting their back and knees. The bristles can also be extracted and changed in order to fit in different size areas and scrub more for tougher areas. Although this advancement could make it easier for the elders, it can also make people lazier. Younger people whom don't actually need the assistance in cleaning may also still want to purchase the example just out of making cleaning less of a hassle. In all I would consider this example more positive than negative in its benefits.
Week 12 Thread 2: Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose? By looking back on history, no matter what decade, generation or even century, the advancement and enhancement of technology has always created a sense of hierarchy. When people are able to afford luxuries new pieces of technology they suddenly adhere to being in a higher placement than those whom cannot afford the newest technology. Even to this day, people like to show off their wealth and higher status by purchasing the newest and best technological advancements. Whether this being cars, clothes, phones or even the home in which they live. It is no lie that some people are born with better genetics than others, whether this being naturally smart, athletic, attractive or all of these combined. People whom are advanced in one or more of these features use it to their advantage. which is how models, actors, athletes and famous scientists or doctors come about. Fairly enough, certain people are better at certain things than others, it's how the world goes, everyone is meant for something, we cannot all be Albert Einstein, Frank Lloyd Wrights and Beyoncé’s. So if we were able to mutate and control what are children looked like, we would lose that sense of differentiation. Although we all may think, 'what’s so terrible about a world filled with attractive, smart and athletic people', we need to remember that certain characteristics and features should remain, quite literally, at random. There would no longer be anything about anyone that stands out, we would all be the same.
Week 13 Thread 1: Response to Titicut Follies The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so many years later. Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work? Wiseman received consent from the legal guardians of the patients, which, in my opinion, is enough consent. Also when you are checked into a correctional facility most of your privacy is already detained . In order to cover his basis he should have created a legal written document agreeing to allow him to film so he could have had more proof that he was indeed allowed to do so on the patient's behalf, but he legally didn't have to. I personally believe the judge ruled in favor of the state out of fear that the film may reveal the mistreatment of the residents in the facility or make it out to seem that the residents were abused more so than they actually were. Massachusetts was trying to cover the tracks and did not want it exposed to the public until much later on in 1991 when facilities have already been changed. As a designer this video may be saddening but also helpful to the eye. Watching the residents and where they spend most of their time interacting or living can help us as designers to create a better living space. Also notice where residents may struggle the most, perhaps more ramps or handrails are needed.
Thread 2: Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population. The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why? You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then. How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood? The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative. What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”? Initially I would be fine with the proposal, they are people just like anyone else and they deserve a home among society to live in. The only thing I could understand on why someone wouldn't be 100% on board is that if the home I'm living in is $650,000 with 10 acres of land that must also mean the rest of the neighborhood also has a good amount of wealth and the construction of a group home on 1 acre of land could bring down the marketing value of the neighborhood. The people whom live in group homes deserve the same human rights as everyone one. As a resident I would support the proposal because I know that these people are mistreated and often pushed to the side from society. Although 3 of the 10 residents have exhibited challenging behaviors, it is not the majority and I would trust the staff to know how to handle the situation if it ever occurred again. Also before the group home was built and moved into I would educate my 3 children about the people whom will be moving into the neighborhood. I would like to explain to them why they do certain things so my children would know what to expect and not be confused by the group home residents behavior. So the proposal was turned down, and now a new idea of where the group home can reside is needed. Although it is not fair that a vote can just move the residency of people their may be a different solution. Most group homes, I know of, are not located in neighborhoods in the first place. I have 2 near my house because I live in the outskirts of town near a lot of woods. The first one is actually on the main street that leads into my neighborhood on a good amount of property. the main road is not at all busy and I find the location to be a great idea. There really isn't much traffic or noise to disturb the residents and they have a lot of land leading to woods. Although the residents should be allowed to live in a neighborhood living on a street in a quieter part of town isn't such a bad idea either.
Week 14 Thread 1: Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.” Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development of your city/town? Chua Tu Hieu This Buddhist temple located on Fillmore Ave is a stunning creation that if I didn't see it with my own eyes, I wouldn't believe it was in Buffalo. Tieu Hieu temple was once a police station that was then converted in 1998. There is a sanctuary located inside and outside, but I prefer the outside area because it is so different. The temple is open to anyone whom wishes to attend and mass begins at 10 am on sunday's. This temple has contributed to the city as a open and welcoming place for people to either learn about Buddhism or practice it. It looks rather rare and different amongst the surrounding buildings. It has created a more open concept but the building itself was actually a police department so the old brick building blends in with the town. What stands out is the outdoor worship area, but I think it is a positive change. Over time Perhaps places of worship can fit more to the typical style of the place of worship on the outside just as much as on the inside.
Week 14 Thread 2: Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.” At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study. We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions. Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional life? My intended major is Architecture and I hope to continue onto profession. Ever since I was a little kid I loved drawing, designing and building, even if it was a bit obstruct. As you go on you're continuously told to push the boundaries and to not lose insight to your imagination and ideas, but due to influences and trying to accommodate to either rules, professors, or even reviewers, it's difficult to keep the stream of ideas and imagination. This doesn't end in undergraduate or graduate though. Although a firm is more likely to hire you based on your strengths and work done throughout school their is still pressure once you are welcomed into the firm. Ways you're used to, whether this being how you do drawings, what software you use or even what hours you work now need to accommodate to where and who you work with. Also sometimes ideas may seem a little to "far-out" to introduce to others so instead you reduce the idea to something more realistic. What I believe is important to remember is that change isn't always a bad thing but keep the creativity and ideas flowing even if it seems unrealistic.
Citations https://www.curbed.com/2016/4/15/11434832/mvrdv-urban-design-funari-mannheim-traumha us-germany-suburban-village https://www.reference.com/history/transcontinental-railroad-d1aced97a7fa36bf http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2431962/Steve-Jobs-boyhood-home-built-50-Apple-compu ters-historic-landmark.html http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/709440/who-was-falling-man-9-11-september-11-attack -twin-tower-15-year-anniversary http://vesselnews.io/sjw-freaks-student-wearing-hateful-pro-trump-hat-stolen/ http://www.guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/field/image/ford.jpg http://www.tuvie.com/search/plant+pot hthttp://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/dad-and-small-child-looking-from -window-at-high-res-stock-photography/555367153 p://mallsofamerica.blogspot.com/2006/09/ http://www.buffaloresearch.com/maps.html http://smartcommunities.typepad.com/suzanne/2012/02/the-tragedy-of-pruitt-igoe-what-have- we-learned.html https://richardson-olmsted.com/learn/history/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/268597565250959852/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/464152305318499921/ https://impactdesignhub.org/2014/10/15/design-for-equity-convening-in-november/ https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_COMB/db/_3648576_1/embedded/dingu s.jpg https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_COMB/db/_3648576_1/embedded/2017- saint-patricks-day-parade%281%29.jpg https://www.theodysseyonline.com/open-letter-to-lancaster https://diamondhabesha.wordpress.com/2013/03/02/gender-stereotypes-in-ads/ https://www.alphadogadasigns.com/ada-braille-handicap-gender-neutral-restroom-sign http://lucasreimerhistory.weebly.com/gattaca-film-analysis.html http://lucasreimerhistory.weebly.com/gattaca-film-analysis.html https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/titicut_follies/ http://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry
Introduction: Diversity really does impact the creation of design. Everywhere you go the diversity of culture, race, and ethnicity affect the surrounding buildings, art, and even everyday items. I never really thought just how much design really was affected by its surroundings. What I found most interesting about this class was the change in focus. One week we are thinking about disabilities the next we’re thinking of religion. It kept me interested because each week there was something new to discuss. My viewpoints have become more broad now that I have thought of and discussed different topics up for debate. I have learned to understand two views and their points rather than a one sided argument. The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York.
Week 1 Week 1 Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies. For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage. One of the best innovations in the history of the United States was the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad. It was built between the year 1863 and 1869. The railroad connected the west to the east. The railroad allowed for easier transportation of goods and people. Instead of having to wait months for supplies and destinations to be reached it decreased to about a week. The building of the railroad also created more jobs for people country wide. Today the train is still used as a way of transportation although the automobile and airplane have surpassed the amount of time it would take to take a train.
Week 1 Thread 3 On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable. Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.) Steve Jobs struggled quite a bit a long his life but it did not deteriorate his success later on in life. He was given up for adoption as a baby and later lived in Mountain View California. Growing up although very smart he didn't care for school, as only a fourth grader administrators wanted Steve to continue into high school. Afterwards he continued onto Reed College only to drop out 6 months later, instead he took time to drop into creative classes. And at only 21, him and Wozniak founded Apple Computer, which was started up in just a garage. Steve Jobs died in 2011 at the age of 56 due to pancreatic cancer. Today Apple is worth nearly 495 billion dollars, and it all started with a 21-year-old in a garage.
Week 2 Thread 1: Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs Thread 1: FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event? I chose the image below because it rings a certain emotion for me. Below is a picture of a man jumping from the Twin Towers from the well-known 9/11 crash. This picture really brings the event into focus for me because the person shown had his own life. Putting that into perspective that he had a family, friends a job and hobbies, he lived much like we do every day, only to have to willing end his life because of what others have done. It’s sad to imagine watching this man’s life end before millions of viewers eyes. And to have this moment captured second before it all came to an end. I couldn’t bare imagine what was going through his mind. Now also imagine this exact moment happening to thousands of people of all different backgrounds. Seeing one really puts it into perspective that
Week 2 Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design Thread 2: FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective” NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another? The classic Trump hat is recognized worldwide. The bright ugly red hat is just a simple baseball cap followed by ‘Make America Great Again’ in a white Times New Roman font. Although there is nothing extraordinary about the hat, it can be recognized easily.
Week 3 Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society? As competition increased the visual form of products, such as Ford's Model T, the creation of advertising and marketing became important while selling new products and models. Even today the advertisement of products within the market is important. Within the next twenty years the human interference with computers will decrease. Instead of humans having to physically put in a design you can just speak to the computer and it will design something. But unlike living things such as humans and dog’s computers do not learn they just regenerate every time. Although some are concerned with whether or not computers will take over human jobs, it seems we are heading more towards human computer collaboration instead. Humans can direct computers what to do and machines can create the same precision every time.
Week 3 Thread 2: Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any product that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design. Please describe and site sources. The Tetra Pot 2016 IDEA Gold Award Product designed by Sheng Hung Lee, I/DSA and Won Kee Lee o IDEO created a way to make a natural defense against soil erosion and to create a natural habitat and ecosystem. This follows the Cradle-to-Cradle because it betters the ecosystem in a way of making a natural habitat for animals. The only disregard of the Tetra Pot is that the concrete itself is not a natural element. Another example of an invention created to better the environment is PEG or Personal Energy Generator. This generator allows you to charge any handheld electronic device through your own kinetic energy. www.removeandreplace.com
Week 4 Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) In 1956 the Southdale Center was built in Edina Minnesota by Victor Gruen, this center became what's best known as an indoor mall located in a suburban area. Gruen's goal was to create an area where the community could actually intermix without the rush of cars and traffic, ponds and plants were also brought to the interior to represent the outdoors of the downtown area. Windows were also placed high above in order to stray away from people being distracted from the outdoors. The idea format itself actually came from Vienna Austria, where Gruen was from, the context of the building challenged the norm of the typical shops. Gruen hated the advertisement present on commercial buildings, so instead the center had a blank wall towards the bustling street and was advertised inside. The Archicenter is a good example of a present building that can bring the community together. the shape allows for an easy flow of people; large windows allow for viewing of the community on three sides. A kitchen, fireplace and seating area were all important qualities that were important to include. Not only did the building bring people together but also the making of the center itself created a community activity. The project was built using wood masonry that is easy for anyone to do and also is good for the environment.
Week 4 Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) I found very few similarities between Ballanytyne and Zumthor, but one thing I believe they could both agree on is that architecture is an experience that one makes. Ballantyne derives that architecture is created by one’s personality or experience. A home is based on one’s style personality and preference; the home is affected by the person. Whereas Zumthor argues that that the person is actually affected by architecture, and he gives examples that he tries to incorporate memories of architecture when he was young with new qualities.
Week 5 Thread 1: Response to Levy Article Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses. John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up? The amount of character and demand is what affects where I live the most. Within Lancaster NY, it is a big town with approximately 500 students per graduating class and this number is only expanding. More and more people are residing in suburban neighborhoods such as Lancaster where new neighborhoods and lots are being offered. Due to this high demand of suburbanization, taxes for land, town and schools are increasing. The town of Lancaster itself has one of the highest taxes in Western New York in comparison to other towns in the district. Lancaster is also ranked number three for schooling in the districts. Taxes go towards sports, music, clubs, technology such as 3D printers, trade school (harkness), and academies. Although the taxes in my area are high it is only to match with the growing number of homes and productivity of the schools. No large buildings reside with individual homes. The placement of the town was done strategically. The city town is nestled in the middle of the city and any stores, restaurants, or gas stations are within an easy reach but do not interfere with the residential traffic. As for nature and the environment we have many town parks and a 13-mile bike path open for anyone to use. The town itself was thought out very strategically and it is no wonder that land in Lancaster is in such high demand.
Week 5 Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' response magine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective? In order to start what would be a new Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis City, it is important to first discuss three main strategies we wish to include in the rebuild. Through consideration of all three of our views, it is important to include affordability for the young and the old whom wish to live in the city, integrate a diversity of people with different race, social stability, and age. The placement of where the actual residual will also hold importance for easier networking for those without private vehicles. Within the reading "Design that Enables Diversity", Emily Talen spoke to me when she really enforced that there is a difference between integrating and creating a social mix. Integrating seems more forced and unnatural, where as a social mix is more natural and increases a positive mixture of diversity without a slight feel of segregation of race and social still lurking. So what we hope to include in the variation is a combination of different incomes, races, genders, ethnicities, household sizes and lifestyles. Larson is quick to think of solutions to as how we can accommodate people whom are all so different. He encourages the means of networking and how in Paris everything anyone needs within the villages is within a five minute where as new cities are not planned out as easily reachable. The location for the new Pruitt Igoe is key for those whom don't have access to private vehicles. Being near public transportation or walkways like the Highline in NYC allow easier transportation which Larson hopes for more in the future. With the varying incomes, family sizes and just overall personalities people can't all fit to one standard home multiplied a hundred times. Larson has been studying movable walls and also a survey that asks residents what is most important that they wish to include in their homes. The movable walls can then moves based on how much space or what the resident wishes to accommodate. If they wish to sit sixteen people for dinner, they will be able to by just moving other walls farther apart to extend the dining room, the possibilities are truly endless when arranging your home, the way you want to. As well as agreeing with the terms of Talen and Larson, I also believe it is important to enforce clean facilities and a surveillance of a sort to prevent vandalism and crime. In the new Pruitt Igoe residents can live the way they chose as long as they follow basic building guidelines, anyone can choose to reside here. Maintenance will be paid by the tenants pay, and if a resident cannot afford it they can pay buy putting in a few hours to clean the facility that would equal the amount they would have had to pay. Networking surrounding the building will be placed in a better way so residents can get jobs within walking or public transportation distances.
Week 6 Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not? Fredrick Law Olmsted created the first city within a park and first state park within the United States all within Buffalo New York. His claim that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public spaces and grounds, in the United States, if not the world", although his view may be biased, in 1876 he was not far off. Within Buffalo he was able to create over eight hundred acres of park space spread throughout the city, which is the same amount as Central Park in New York City. He was able to connect three main parts, the Front, the Parade and Delaware. As time went on we have also had to accommodate to the needs of people including cars and tourist sites while still preserving Goat Island. In 2012 in honor of the 125th Olmsted's Niagara Falls Plan, Buffalo passed twenty-five million dollars to preserve the park surrounding the falls. Although the parkways have augmented to fit society, I still believe Olmsted would make the same claim today because the foundation of the parkway is still there just with new approach for a changing society. The first ever parkways remain even after 150 years, that's pretty remarkable that a majority of the plans still remain for all to enjoy.
Week 6 Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable). If I were to memorialize any building in my hometown I would choose to focus on the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' located on the corner of Bowen and William in Lancaster New York. The schoolhouse was first built in 1868 as only a one room facility, heated using a potbellied stove in the middle of the room surrounded by desks. The structure itself was made entirely out of red brick hence the name 'Little Red School House'. The school taught grades ranging from grade k all the way to 12 within the small space. The school was in operation up until 1948. In 1968, a fire destroyed the roof and interior of the school. In 1973 the Lancaster Historical Society was formed and work was completed on the schoolhouse in 1978 and has been open to the public since. Lancaster holds such great history, but generation after generation, the history is overlooked as unimportant to the daily routine. The everyday mundane of the Lancaster resident doesn't revolve around Lancaster's historic landmarks, they simply pass them on their daily commute. In order to make these historical landmarks more important to the residents’ everyday lives, I believe it is important to include them in decision making. After creating a list of possibilities that have already been budgeted, offer up a town vote at a town board meeting then tally the vote. Afterwards you can announce what will take place in order to get the town people interested and excited about what will take place or be built. Specifically, at the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' I think it lacks activities. The school itself is only a one room facility that doesn't take much time to look around. I think adding activities outside may create a more active area. Maybe adding a playground will stimulate more interest from local kids. Children already find the old school interesting, but like I said there is not much to do afterwards, so putting in a playground is fitting especially since it is a schoolhouse after all. Following the playground benches, tables and coverage of some sort will be necessary for parents and guardians of the children playing. We want to create an area where kids can be kids and parents can relax all whilst enjoying the historical facility.
Week 7 Thread 1: Response to the Brookes The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Images especially from past history has always had a longing impression on those whom have viewed it, whether this being racial injustice, war, or human civil rights. Brookes was a famous image depicting the dehumanization of those enslaved and slated into boats they would then sell them like cargo. Racial issues are a continuous debate all the way from 1788 till now. The image I selected shows a young African girl inside a human zoo exhibit. The interpretation should be enough to make someone question the moral of those whom put a human in an enclosure in the first place. The little girl isn't even bothered by the many onlookers gazing at her, she just carries on as if it is a routine. For me my first reaction was astonishment, I had to reread my source for I could not believe there was such a thing as a human zoo. That’s where it catches, a HUMAN zoo, she is a human like everyone else and she is being overlooked like an animal at a petting zoo. The sad thing is, this is normal for her, she is so young that she knows nothing better, being treated like an animal being fed by strangers is what she finds normal, this image took place in Belgium in 1958. If someone from Belgium were to look at this picture and the date, I feel like they would feel a sense of disappointment, and similar to me question how a human could be treated this way.
Week 7 Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Equityxdesign can be used when discussing the placement and creation of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial. One of the beliefs I focused on was belief number one, which is Learning to see historical context matters. When creating something based on a historical figure, it is important to include some of the history and meaning behind the memorial. People want to be able to relate and recognize the historical content, it is also important to focus on where exactly its being built, why it's being built and whom it is being built for. Bonnie Fisher and Boris Dramov were able to portray the historical importance by including quotes from past speeches that promoted human civil rights and placing a 30-foot statue on an imaginary axis between Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson, two representative presidents in the nations struggle with black civil rights. When you follow the axis it shows how Lincoln paved the way for King because both gave their lives fighting for civil rights. Another important principle of Equityxdesign is to start with yourself. Although it is important to include historical context is necessary to fit to the present community. The memorial was meant to portray quotes from speeches that still ring true today. The memorial is a sanctuary, a place of peace sitting upon the water’s edge overlooking other famous monuments. It is a place of interaction for people of all ages, races and social groups, an interaction Martin Luther King Jr. once dreamed of.
Week 8 Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not? (Limit your response to 250 words.) I don't necessarily have a specific place or object in my own that represents my ethnicity year round. I am Irish and Polish so on st Patrick's day and Dyngus day, my family will decorate the home and celebrate with traditional foods and customs. Instead of the stereotypical partying done on St. Patrick's day, my family attends church and we ate an Irish meal consisting of corn beef and cabbage, mashed potatoes, beef stew, and soda bread. Same thing with Dyngus day, we attend church eat pierogies, sausage and potato pancakes and of course a butter lamb for bread. Depending on weather we will also attend the parade where girls wear crowns with strings and hold pussy willows, and boys have water guns. When I move away and have a family of my own I hope to carry out the same traditions. I am from Buffalo which is a very Polish and Irish induced city. Most bars in and around the city are Irish based such as a bar near my home called the Green Buffalo. Let’s not forget the enormous parade and partying permitted in Buffalo on St Patrick's day and or weekend. My town especially is very Polish based, everyone and their neighbor is of Polish descent. Dingus day is also a large holiday in Buffalo celebrated with a parade. We have many Polish restaurants such as Matka's and Papas, Polish Villa's, Polish Falcon and Redlinski's. It's safe
Week 8 Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.) I personally don't believe team branding designers should use ethnic references. I can speak representatively on this issue because in my junior year of high school, my school was foregoing changing our mascot from the Redskins to Legends. It was a very controversial topic even in a small town nevertheless for a known NFL team. Similar to Daniel Snyder, owner of Washington's NFL Club, we to believe the name only carried a sense of honor, respect, pride, and most importantly tradition. Although the change took some getting used to, especially for the alumni, three years later nothing about the town's pride has changed and now our mascot is not a racist slur towards Native Americans. Similar to my towns situation, Larger teams will eventually get used to the change and it will benefit everyone. It's 2017, racially slurred team names should be eliminated out of respect.
Week 9 Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source. First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.) The image I selected is a picture of both boys and girls playing with toys on a Toys R Us magazine. The designer did an excellent job of countering the typical gender stereotype of what boys and girls should be being playing with. Children are influenced at a young age on what is expected of them. Parents are the main factor behind raising their children using gender roles. Most parents due it out of fear that if their child is 'different', then they will be bullied or excluded by their peers. This ad helps break that gender barrier between 'boy toys' and 'girl toys'. The image portrays a little boy taking care of a baby doll, a girl playing with a nerf gun, and both a boy and girl playing with a doll house. With ads like these it promotes kids to play with whatever they want, and seeing other kids of their same gender playing with these toys will make them feel more comfortable. The approach is effective because it shows kids it okay to play with whatever toys you want. This ad speaks thoroughly to gender stereotypes; I cannot pick out anything to change.
Week 9 Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures. Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limit your response to less than 250 words.) I personally believe people should go to the bathroom where they are comfortable. Being able to use a bathroom is a basic human right, and no one should be denied something we can't control. As far as I'm concerned, someone whom undergoes a sex change and becomes trans gender it also means they become a whole new gender. If they were once a girl now they are a boy, they undergo so many changes so they can feel comfortable in their skin, so who are we to disregard their new gender due to a form signed at birth. I can also understand why people are uncomfortable with the situation at hand, if bathrooms don't require one gender in them then you can't discriminate between who is and isn't allowed in the bathroom. I personally would also not care to find a line of guys in the girl’s bathroom simply because they can. As a designer I would offer 'family' restrooms for either those whom are uncomfortable sharing their restroom or for trans genders and or people whom identify as a different race. The main problem with this solution would be the amount of space being taken up in facilities since family unisex bathrooms are one single room.
Week 10 Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs. In the summer I enjoy visiting the beaches in Buffalo. Some beaches are open and free to the public such as Bennett Beach, other either cost money to park, entrance or both. Sunset Beach, which is a very popular beach, charges a cost for both parking and admission, and the rate increases over the weekend. But along this beach is privately owned cottages and homes, so certain parts of the beach are non-accessible to the public. I would consider this example crusty because there is an obvious gate and sign that warns trespassers but you can easily see the private beach and easily walk right past the sign. Another example I can think of is the Buffalo Train Station, it is easily viewed from the street or the canal as pictured. I would consider this example to be slippery because most people don't access the train station unless an event is taking place, otherwise people feel like they are trespassing. The picture shows me kayaking next to the building in the Canal.
Week 10 Thread 2: Response to People Like Us After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher. Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem? I find this situation difficult to completely resolve with only design. The designers themselves cannot make living in a facility affordable, that is more so the owner of the facility. One solution I can think of is either building a facility in a more mainstream area where you are surrounded by jobs and opportunities and schools, where you don't have to walk 10 miles to school or work. Or if this isn't an option, perhaps better the bus or subway system and route. Offer a closer and more accurate bus route so Tammy would not have to walk 10 miles to work. But if we can effectively place an affordable living space less isolated and in a more functional area, perhaps being closer to jobs and other people could help Tammy's situation. That way if she wanted a day job then pursue a better education at night she can either walk or take a bus on route between home, work, and school. Design itself cannot completely change the wellbeing of those living in poverty, but it can make living more functional and better opportunities more achievable.
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design
Project 3 diversity and design

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Project 3 diversity and design

  • 1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York ARC 211 - American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017 Online Discussion Questions Diversity of Design
  • 2. University at Buffalo – State University of New York ARC 211 - American Diversity and Design – Spring 2017 Online Discussion Questions Diversity of Design
  • 3. Introduction: Diversity really does impact the creation of design. Everywhere you go the diversity of culture, race, and ethnicity affect the surrounding buildings, art, and even everyday items. I never really thought just how much design really was affected by its surroundings. What I found most interesting about this class was the change in focus. One week we are thinking about disabilities the next we’re thinking of religion. It kept me interested because each week there was something new to discuss. My viewpoints have become more broad now that I have thought of and discussed different topics up for debate. I have learned to understand two views and their points rather than a one sided argument. The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York.
  • 4. Week 1 Week 1 Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies. For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage. One of the best innovations in the history of the United States was the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad. It was built between the year 1863 and 1869. The railroad connected the west to the east. The railroad allowed for easier transportation of goods and people. Instead of having to wait months for supplies and destinations to be reached it decreased to about a week. The building of the railroad also created more jobs for people country wide. Today the train is still used as a way of transportation although the automobile and airplane have surpassed the amount of time it would take to take a train.
  • 5. Week 1 Thread 3 On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable. Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.) Steve Jobs struggled quite a bit a long his life but it did not deteriorate his success later on in life. He was given up for adoption as a baby and later lived in Mountain View California. Growing up although very smart he didn't care for school, as only a fourth grader administrators wanted Steve to continue into high school. Afterwards he continued onto Reed College only to drop out 6 months later, instead he took time to drop into creative classes. And at only 21, him and Wozniak founded Apple Computer, which was started up in just a garage. Steve Jobs died in 2011 at the age of 56 due to pancreatic cancer. Today Apple is worth nearly 495 billion dollars, and it all started with a 21-year-old in a garage.
  • 6. Week 2 Thread 1: Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs Thread 1: FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event? I chose the image below because it rings a certain emotion for me. Below is a picture of a man jumping from the Twin Towers from the well-known 9/11 crash. This picture really brings the event into focus for me because the person shown had his own life. Putting that into perspective that he had a family, friends a job and hobbies, he lived much like we do every day, only to have to willing end his life because of what others have done. It’s sad to imagine watching this man’s life end before millions of viewers eyes. And to have this moment captured second before it all came to an end. I couldn’t bare imagine what was going through his mind. Now also imagine this exact moment happening to thousands of people of all different backgrounds. Seeing one really puts it into perspective that
  • 7. Week 2 Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design Thread 2: FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective” NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another? The classic Trump hat is recognized worldwide. The bright ugly red hat is just a simple baseball cap followed by ‘Make America Great Again’ in a white Times New Roman font. Although there is nothing extraordinary about the hat, it can be recognized easily.
  • 8. Week 3 Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society? As competition increased the visual form of products, such as Ford's Model T, the creation of advertising and marketing became important while selling new products and models. Even today the advertisement of products within the market is important. Within the next twenty years the human interference with computers will decrease. Instead of humans having to physically put in a design you can just speak to the computer and it will design something. But unlike living things such as humans and dog’s computers do not learn they just regenerate every time. Although some are concerned with whether or not computers will take over human jobs, it seems we are heading more towards human computer collaboration instead. Humans can direct computers what to do and machines can create the same precision every time.
  • 9. Week 3 Thread 2: Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any product that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design. Please describe and site sources. The Tetra Pot 2016 IDEA Gold Award Product designed by Sheng Hung Lee, I/DSA and Won Kee Lee o IDEO created a way to make a natural defense against soil erosion and to create a natural habitat and ecosystem. This follows the Cradle-to-Cradle because it betters the ecosystem in a way of making a natural habitat for animals. The only disregard of the Tetra Pot is that the concrete itself is not a natural element. Another example of an invention created to better the environment is PEG or Personal Energy Generator. This generator allows you to charge any handheld electronic device through your own kinetic energy. www.removeandreplace.com
  • 10. Week 4 Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) In 1956 the Southdale Center was built in Edina Minnesota by Victor Gruen, this center became what's best known as an indoor mall located in a suburban area. Gruen's goal was to create an area where the community could actually intermix without the rush of cars and traffic, ponds and plants were also brought to the interior to represent the outdoors of the downtown area. Windows were also placed high above in order to stray away from people being distracted from the outdoors. The idea format itself actually came from Vienna Austria, where Gruen was from, the context of the building challenged the norm of the typical shops. Gruen hated the advertisement present on commercial buildings, so instead the center had a blank wall towards the bustling street and was advertised inside. The Archicenter is a good example of a present building that can bring the community together. the shape allows for an easy flow of people; large windows allow for viewing of the community on three sides. A kitchen, fireplace and seating area were all important qualities that were important to include. Not only did the building bring people together but also the making of the center itself created a community activity. The project was built using wood masonry that is easy for anyone to do and also is good for the environment.
  • 11. Week 4 Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) I found very few similarities between Ballanytyne and Zumthor, but one thing I believe they could both agree on is that architecture is an experience that one makes. Ballantyne derives that architecture is created by one’s personality or experience. A home is based on one’s style personality and preference; the home is affected by the person. Whereas Zumthor argues that that the person is actually affected by architecture, and he gives examples that he tries to incorporate memories of architecture when he was young with new qualities.
  • 12. Week 5 Thread 1: Response to Levy Article Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses. John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up? The amount of character and demand is what affects where I live the most. Within Lancaster NY, it is a big town with approximately 500 students per graduating class and this number is only expanding. More and more people are residing in suburban neighborhoods such as Lancaster where new neighborhoods and lots are being offered. Due to this high demand of suburbanization, taxes for land, town and schools are increasing. The town of Lancaster itself has one of the highest taxes in Western New York in comparison to other towns in the district. Lancaster is also ranked number three for schooling in the districts. Taxes go towards sports, music, clubs, technology such as 3D printers, trade school (harkness), and academies. Although the taxes in my area are high it is only to match with the growing number of homes and productivity of the schools. No large buildings reside with individual homes. The placement of the town was done strategically. The city town is nestled in the middle of the city and any stores, restaurants, or gas stations are within an easy reach but do not interfere with the residential traffic. As for nature and the environment we have many town parks and a 13-mile bike path open for anyone to use. The town itself was thought out very strategically and it is no wonder that land in Lancaster is in such high demand.
  • 13. Week 5 Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' response magine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective? In order to start what would be a new Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis City, it is important to first discuss three main strategies we wish to include in the rebuild. Through consideration of all three of our views, it is important to include affordability for the young and the old whom wish to live in the city, integrate a diversity of people with different race, social stability, and age. The placement of where the actual residual will also hold importance for easier networking for those without private vehicles. Within the reading "Design that Enables Diversity", Emily Talen spoke to me when she really enforced that there is a difference between integrating and creating a social mix. Integrating seems more forced and unnatural, where as a social mix is more natural and increases a positive mixture of diversity without a slight feel of segregation of race and social still lurking. So what we hope to include in the variation is a combination of different incomes, races, genders, ethnicities, household sizes and lifestyles. Larson is quick to think of solutions to as how we can accommodate people whom are all so different. He encourages the means of networking and how in Paris everything anyone needs within the villages is within a five minute where as new cities are not planned out as easily reachable. The location for the new Pruitt Igoe is key for those whom don't have access to private vehicles. Being near public transportation or walkways like the Highline in NYC allow easier transportation which Larson hopes for more in the future. With the varying incomes, family sizes and just overall personalities people can't all fit to one standard home multiplied a hundred times. Larson has been studying movable walls and also a survey that asks residents what is most important that they wish to include in their homes. The movable walls can then moves based on how much space or what the resident wishes to accommodate. If they wish to sit sixteen people for dinner, they will be able to by just moving other walls farther apart to extend the dining room, the possibilities are truly endless when arranging your home, the way you want to. As well as agreeing with the terms of Talen and Larson, I also believe it is important to enforce clean facilities and a surveillance of a sort to prevent vandalism and crime. In the new Pruitt Igoe residents can live the way they chose as long as they follow basic building guidelines, anyone can choose to reside here. Maintenance will be paid by the tenants pay, and if a resident cannot afford it they can pay buy putting in a few hours to clean the facility that would equal the amount they would have had to pay. Networking surrounding the building will be placed in a better way so residents can get jobs within walking or public transportation distances.
  • 14. Week 6 Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not? Fredrick Law Olmsted created the first city within a park and first state park within the United States all within Buffalo New York. His claim that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public spaces and grounds, in the United States, if not the world", although his view may be biased, in 1876 he was not far off. Within Buffalo he was able to create over eight hundred acres of park space spread throughout the city, which is the same amount as Central Park in New York City. He was able to connect three main parts, the Front, the Parade and Delaware. As time went on we have also had to accommodate to the needs of people including cars and tourist sites while still preserving Goat Island. In 2012 in honor of the 125th Olmsted's Niagara Falls Plan, Buffalo passed twenty-five million dollars to preserve the park surrounding the falls. Although the parkways have augmented to fit society, I still believe Olmsted would make the same claim today because the foundation of the parkway is still there just with new approach for a changing society. The first ever parkways remain even after 150 years, that's pretty remarkable that a majority of the plans still remain for all to enjoy.
  • 15. Week 6 Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable). If I were to memorialize any building in my hometown I would choose to focus on the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' located on the corner of Bowen and William in Lancaster New York. The schoolhouse was first built in 1868 as only a one room facility, heated using a potbellied stove in the middle of the room surrounded by desks. The structure itself was made entirely out of red brick hence the name 'Little Red School House'. The school taught grades ranging from grade k all the way to 12 within the small space. The school was in operation up until 1948. In 1968, a fire destroyed the roof and interior of the school. In 1973 the Lancaster Historical Society was formed and work was completed on the schoolhouse in 1978 and has been open to the public since. Lancaster holds such great history, but generation after generation, the history is overlooked as unimportant to the daily routine. The everyday mundane of the Lancaster resident doesn't revolve around Lancaster's historic landmarks, they simply pass them on their daily commute. In order to make these historical landmarks more important to the residents’ everyday lives, I believe it is important to include them in decision making. After creating a list of possibilities that have already been budgeted, offer up a town vote at a town board meeting then tally the vote. Afterwards you can announce what will take place in order to get the town people interested and excited about what will take place or be built. Specifically, at the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' I think it lacks activities. The school itself is only a one room facility that doesn't take much time to look around. I think adding activities outside may create a more active area. Maybe adding a playground will stimulate more interest from local kids. Children already find the old school interesting, but like I said there is not much to do afterwards, so putting in a playground is fitting especially since it is a schoolhouse after all. Following the playground benches, tables and coverage of some sort will be necessary for parents and guardians of the children playing. We want to create an area where kids can be kids and parents can relax all whilst enjoying the historical facility.
  • 16. Week 7 Thread 1: Response to the Brookes The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Images especially from past history has always had a longing impression on those whom have viewed it, whether this being racial injustice, war, or human civil rights. Brookes was a famous image depicting the dehumanization of those enslaved and slated into boats they would then sell them like cargo. Racial issues are a continuous debate all the way from 1788 till now. The image I selected shows a young African girl inside a human zoo exhibit. The interpretation should be enough to make someone question the moral of those whom put a human in an enclosure in the first place. The little girl isn't even bothered by the many onlookers gazing at her, she just carries on as if it is a routine. For me my first reaction was astonishment, I had to reread my source for I could not believe there was such a thing as a human zoo. That’s where it catches, a HUMAN zoo, she is a human like everyone else and she is being overlooked like an animal at a petting zoo. The sad thing is, this is normal for her, she is so young that she knows nothing better, being treated like an animal being fed by strangers is what she finds normal, this image took place in Belgium in 1958. If someone from Belgium were to look at this picture and the date, I feel like they would feel a sense of disappointment, and similar to me question how a human could be treated this way.
  • 17. Week 7 Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Equityxdesign can be used when discussing the placement and creation of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial. One of the beliefs I focused on was belief number one, which is Learning to see historical context matters. When creating something based on a historical figure, it is important to include some of the history and meaning behind the memorial. People want to be able to relate and recognize the historical content, it is also important to focus on where exactly its being built, why it's being built and whom it is being built for. Bonnie Fisher and Boris Dramov were able to portray the historical importance by including quotes from past speeches that promoted human civil rights and placing a 30-foot statue on an imaginary axis between Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson, two representative presidents in the nations struggle with black civil rights. When you follow the axis it shows how Lincoln paved the way for King because both gave their lives fighting for civil rights. Another important principle of Equityxdesign is to start with yourself. Although it is important to include historical context is necessary to fit to the present community. The memorial was meant to portray quotes from speeches that still ring true today. The memorial is a sanctuary, a place of peace sitting upon the water’s edge overlooking other famous monuments. It is a place of interaction for people of all ages, races and social groups, an interaction Martin Luther King Jr. once dreamed of.
  • 18. Week 8 Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not? (Limit your response to 250 words.) I don't necessarily have a specific place or object in my own that represents my ethnicity year round. I am Irish and Polish so on st Patrick's day and Dyngus day, my family will decorate the home and celebrate with traditional foods and customs. Instead of the stereotypical partying done on St. Patrick's day, my family attends church and we ate an Irish meal consisting of corn beef and cabbage, mashed potatoes, beef stew, and soda bread. Same thing with Dyngus day, we attend church eat pierogies, sausage and potato pancakes and of course a butter lamb for bread. Depending on weather we will also attend the parade where girls wear crowns with strings and hold pussy willows, and boys have water guns. When I move away and have a family of my own I hope to carry out the same traditions. I am from Buffalo which is a very Polish and Irish induced city. Most bars in and around the city are Irish based such as a bar near my home called the Green Buffalo. Let’s not forget the enormous parade and partying permitted in Buffalo on St Patrick's day and or weekend. My town especially is very Polish based, everyone and their neighbor is of Polish descent. Dingus day is also a large holiday in Buffalo celebrated with a parade. We have many Polish restaurants such as Matka's and Papas, Polish Villa's, Polish Falcon and Redlinski's. It's safe
  • 19. Week 8 Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.) I personally don't believe team branding designers should use ethnic references. I can speak representatively on this issue because in my junior year of high school, my school was foregoing changing our mascot from the Redskins to Legends. It was a very controversial topic even in a small town nevertheless for a known NFL team. Similar to Daniel Snyder, owner of Washington's NFL Club, we to believe the name only carried a sense of honor, respect, pride, and most importantly tradition. Although the change took some getting used to, especially for the alumni, three years later nothing about the town's pride has changed and now our mascot is not a racist slur towards Native Americans. Similar to my towns situation, Larger teams will eventually get used to the change and it will benefit everyone. It's 2017, racially slurred team names should be eliminated out of respect.
  • 20. Week 9 Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source. First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.) The image I selected is a picture of both boys and girls playing with toys on a Toys R Us magazine. The designer did an excellent job of countering the typical gender stereotype of what boys and girls should be being playing with. Children are influenced at a young age on what is expected of them. Parents are the main factor behind raising their children using gender roles. Most parents due it out of fear that if their child is 'different', then they will be bullied or excluded by their peers. This ad helps break that gender barrier between 'boy toys' and 'girl toys'. The image portrays a little boy taking care of a baby doll, a girl playing with a nerf gun, and both a boy and girl playing with a doll house. With ads like these it promotes kids to play with whatever they want, and seeing other kids of their same gender playing with these toys will make them feel more comfortable. The approach is effective because it shows kids it okay to play with whatever toys you want. This ad speaks thoroughly to gender stereotypes; I cannot pick out anything to change.
  • 21. Week 9 Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures. Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limit your response to less than 250 words.) I personally believe people should go to the bathroom where they are comfortable. Being able to use a bathroom is a basic human right, and no one should be denied something we can't control. As far as I'm concerned, someone whom undergoes a sex change and becomes trans gender it also means they become a whole new gender. If they were once a girl now they are a boy, they undergo so many changes so they can feel comfortable in their skin, so who are we to disregard their new gender due to a form signed at birth. I can also understand why people are uncomfortable with the situation at hand, if bathrooms don't require one gender in them then you can't discriminate between who is and isn't allowed in the bathroom. I personally would also not care to find a line of guys in the girl’s bathroom simply because they can. As a designer I would offer 'family' restrooms for either those whom are uncomfortable sharing their restroom or for trans genders and or people whom identify as a different race. The main problem with this solution would be the amount of space being taken up in facilities since family unisex bathrooms are one single room.
  • 22. Week 10 Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs. In the summer I enjoy visiting the beaches in Buffalo. Some beaches are open and free to the public such as Bennett Beach, other either cost money to park, entrance or both. Sunset Beach, which is a very popular beach, charges a cost for both parking and admission, and the rate increases over the weekend. But along this beach is privately owned cottages and homes, so certain parts of the beach are non-accessible to the public. I would consider this example crusty because there is an obvious gate and sign that warns trespassers but you can easily see the private beach and easily walk right past the sign. Another example I can think of is the Buffalo Train Station, it is easily viewed from the street or the canal as pictured. I would consider this example to be slippery because most people don't access the train station unless an event is taking place, otherwise people feel like they are trespassing. The picture shows me kayaking next to the building in the Canal.
  • 23. Week 10 Thread 2: Response to People Like Us After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher. Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem? I find this situation difficult to completely resolve with only design. The designers themselves cannot make living in a facility affordable, that is more so the owner of the facility. One solution I can think of is either building a facility in a more mainstream area where you are surrounded by jobs and opportunities and schools, where you don't have to walk 10 miles to school or work. Or if this isn't an option, perhaps better the bus or subway system and route. Offer a closer and more accurate bus route so Tammy would not have to walk 10 miles to work. But if we can effectively place an affordable living space less isolated and in a more functional area, perhaps being closer to jobs and other people could help Tammy's situation. That way if she wanted a day job then pursue a better education at night she can either walk or take a bus on route between home, work, and school. Design itself cannot completely change the wellbeing of those living in poverty, but it can make living more functional and better opportunities more achievable.
  • 24. Week 11 Thread 1: Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice” The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park? The idea of Regent Park sounds very thought out and it seems they truly are trying to make the buildings as sociable as possible while still in mind that it is assisted living. Although well thought out, what concerns me is the fact that the structure itself is a 12 story high rise. This is not an apartment building, it is assisted living for the elderly and a high rise is not the best living option for the elderly. Also safety concerns me, if a fire ever occurred, it would be very difficult for them to walk down 12 flights of stairs to safety. I think a better option would be townhouses, one floor living with an open plan makes living and socializing more accessible. Also living in townhouses allows each resident to have a parking spot and storage for anything they chose to bring with them. Along with having townhouses I believe the facility should have shuttles and bus stops that way they can travel safely and to whatever socializing organizations that might be taking place. I agree socializing within the community is important so along with the shuttles within the facility, the residents should have easier access to bus stops in order to travel outside whether they want to get groceries or see their families, they should be able to do so. Price is always a wandering concern; can these amenities be affordable.
  • 25. Week 11 Thread 2: Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?” For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life spans? It is no doubt that the higher life expectancy is the bigger the population. It's a part of life, people will always continue to reproduce, and they rightfully should. But what concerns me is where exactly will everyone be residing and working. If life expectancy goes up, then the age at which people will retire will also go up. If people are expected to live till 120, they're not likely to retire at 65, a whole 55 years of their life is expected to be left. Otherwise our medical care for the elderly such as Medicaid will need to increase in order to take care of those for another 55 years. If people do decide to increase the age till retirement, then we now have less job openings. Young adults looking for jobs straight out of college will have a harder time finding jobs, for no one is retiring and new job openings aren't becoming readily available. Another concern of mine that I did mention is where will everyone reside? Cities and now suburbs are busier than ever, so where will everyone live comfortably. Clearly it would be such an advancement to be able to have life expectancy go up do to medical advancement. But there are certain problems that we have to put into perspective.
  • 26. Week 12 Thread 1: Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of disability views disability as a medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people, through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather than the disabled person. In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD) (sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design. For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a positive and a negative example of the principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various people? Describe the specific features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved. One of the principles of design that should be thought of more is the effects of low physical effort.The original example I show in the first picture is how people used to clean, just a sponge, soap and a bucket of water. This method though can become tiring and aching especially as people age. In the second image it shows a power scrubber which makes it easier to reach harder areas and the bristles spin which decreases the amount of scrubbing you also need to do, so you only need to hold the handle and control how fast the brush should spin. This new example makes it easier for older people to maintain cleaning their home without hurting their back and knees. The bristles can also be extracted and changed in order to fit in different size areas and scrub more for tougher areas. Although this advancement could make it easier for the elders, it can also make people lazier. Younger people whom don't actually need the assistance in cleaning may also still want to purchase the example just out of making cleaning less of a hassle. In all I would consider this example more positive than negative in its benefits.
  • 27. Week 12 Thread 2: Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries do these technologies pose? By looking back on history, no matter what decade, generation or even century, the advancement and enhancement of technology has always created a sense of hierarchy. When people are able to afford luxuries new pieces of technology they suddenly adhere to being in a higher placement than those whom cannot afford the newest technology. Even to this day, people like to show off their wealth and higher status by purchasing the newest and best technological advancements. Whether this being cars, clothes, phones or even the home in which they live. It is no lie that some people are born with better genetics than others, whether this being naturally smart, athletic, attractive or all of these combined. People whom are advanced in one or more of these features use it to their advantage. which is how models, actors, athletes and famous scientists or doctors come about. Fairly enough, certain people are better at certain things than others, it's how the world goes, everyone is meant for something, we cannot all be Albert Einstein, Frank Lloyd Wrights and Beyoncé’s. So if we were able to mutate and control what are children looked like, we would lose that sense of differentiation. Although we all may think, 'what’s so terrible about a world filled with attractive, smart and athletic people', we need to remember that certain characteristics and features should remain, quite literally, at random. There would no longer be anything about anyone that stands out, we would all be the same.
  • 28. Week 13 Thread 1: Response to Titicut Follies The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so many years later. Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work? Wiseman received consent from the legal guardians of the patients, which, in my opinion, is enough consent. Also when you are checked into a correctional facility most of your privacy is already detained . In order to cover his basis he should have created a legal written document agreeing to allow him to film so he could have had more proof that he was indeed allowed to do so on the patient's behalf, but he legally didn't have to. I personally believe the judge ruled in favor of the state out of fear that the film may reveal the mistreatment of the residents in the facility or make it out to seem that the residents were abused more so than they actually were. Massachusetts was trying to cover the tracks and did not want it exposed to the public until much later on in 1991 when facilities have already been changed. As a designer this video may be saddening but also helpful to the eye. Watching the residents and where they spend most of their time interacting or living can help us as designers to create a better living space. Also notice where residents may struggle the most, perhaps more ramps or handrails are needed.
  • 29. Thread 2: Response to PPT, The Architecture of Autism, Public Space Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided the same basic human rights as for the rest of the population. The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why? You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred since then. How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood? The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative. What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the population”? Initially I would be fine with the proposal, they are people just like anyone else and they deserve a home among society to live in. The only thing I could understand on why someone wouldn't be 100% on board is that if the home I'm living in is $650,000 with 10 acres of land that must also mean the rest of the neighborhood also has a good amount of wealth and the construction of a group home on 1 acre of land could bring down the marketing value of the neighborhood. The people whom live in group homes deserve the same human rights as everyone one. As a resident I would support the proposal because I know that these people are mistreated and often pushed to the side from society. Although 3 of the 10 residents have exhibited challenging behaviors, it is not the majority and I would trust the staff to know how to handle the situation if it ever occurred again. Also before the group home was built and moved into I would educate my 3 children about the people whom will be moving into the neighborhood. I would like to explain to them why they do certain things so my children would know what to expect and not be confused by the group home residents behavior. So the proposal was turned down, and now a new idea of where the group home can reside is needed. Although it is not fair that a vote can just move the residency of people their may be a different solution. Most group homes, I know of, are not located in neighborhoods in the first place. I have 2 near my house because I live in the outskirts of town near a lot of woods. The first one is actually on the main street that leads into my neighborhood on a good amount of property. the main road is not at all busy and I find the location to be a great idea. There really isn't much traffic or noise to disturb the residents and they have a lot of land leading to woods. Although the residents should be allowed to live in a neighborhood living on a street in a quieter part of town isn't such a bad idea either.
  • 30. Week 14 Thread 1: Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of worship are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active role in supporting people who live in city centers to their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the future. This is an aspect of our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.” Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your own city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place served in the development of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in the future development of your city/town? Chua Tu Hieu This Buddhist temple located on Fillmore Ave is a stunning creation that if I didn't see it with my own eyes, I wouldn't believe it was in Buffalo. Tieu Hieu temple was once a police station that was then converted in 1998. There is a sanctuary located inside and outside, but I prefer the outside area because it is so different. The temple is open to anyone whom wishes to attend and mass begins at 10 am on sunday's. This temple has contributed to the city as a open and welcoming place for people to either learn about Buddhism or practice it. It looks rather rare and different amongst the surrounding buildings. It has created a more open concept but the building itself was actually a police department so the old brick building blends in with the town. What stands out is the outdoor worship area, but I think it is a positive change. Over time Perhaps places of worship can fit more to the typical style of the place of worship on the outside just as much as on the inside.
  • 31. Week 14 Thread 2: Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of understanding and creation--is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms resources, energy, and information to make our world.” At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study. We’ve asked some big questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from people who might not consider themselves to be part of the formalized design professions. Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field needs to tackle right now? What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional life? My intended major is Architecture and I hope to continue onto profession. Ever since I was a little kid I loved drawing, designing and building, even if it was a bit obstruct. As you go on you're continuously told to push the boundaries and to not lose insight to your imagination and ideas, but due to influences and trying to accommodate to either rules, professors, or even reviewers, it's difficult to keep the stream of ideas and imagination. This doesn't end in undergraduate or graduate though. Although a firm is more likely to hire you based on your strengths and work done throughout school their is still pressure once you are welcomed into the firm. Ways you're used to, whether this being how you do drawings, what software you use or even what hours you work now need to accommodate to where and who you work with. Also sometimes ideas may seem a little to "far-out" to introduce to others so instead you reduce the idea to something more realistic. What I believe is important to remember is that change isn't always a bad thing but keep the creativity and ideas flowing even if it seems unrealistic.
  • 32. Citations https://www.curbed.com/2016/4/15/11434832/mvrdv-urban-design-funari-mannheim-traumha us-germany-suburban-village https://www.reference.com/history/transcontinental-railroad-d1aced97a7fa36bf http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2431962/Steve-Jobs-boyhood-home-built-50-Apple-compu ters-historic-landmark.html http://www.express.co.uk/news/world/709440/who-was-falling-man-9-11-september-11-attack -twin-tower-15-year-anniversary http://vesselnews.io/sjw-freaks-student-wearing-hateful-pro-trump-hat-stolen/ http://www.guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/field/image/ford.jpg http://www.tuvie.com/search/plant+pot hthttp://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/dad-and-small-child-looking-from -window-at-high-res-stock-photography/555367153 p://mallsofamerica.blogspot.com/2006/09/ http://www.buffaloresearch.com/maps.html http://smartcommunities.typepad.com/suzanne/2012/02/the-tragedy-of-pruitt-igoe-what-have- we-learned.html https://richardson-olmsted.com/learn/history/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/268597565250959852/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/464152305318499921/ https://impactdesignhub.org/2014/10/15/design-for-equity-convening-in-november/ https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_COMB/db/_3648576_1/embedded/dingu s.jpg https://ublearns.buffalo.edu/courses/1/2171_14992_COMB/db/_3648576_1/embedded/2017- saint-patricks-day-parade%281%29.jpg https://www.theodysseyonline.com/open-letter-to-lancaster https://diamondhabesha.wordpress.com/2013/03/02/gender-stereotypes-in-ads/ https://www.alphadogadasigns.com/ada-braille-handicap-gender-neutral-restroom-sign http://lucasreimerhistory.weebly.com/gattaca-film-analysis.html http://lucasreimerhistory.weebly.com/gattaca-film-analysis.html https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/titicut_follies/ http://www.archdaily.com/441358/ad-classics-walt-disney-concert-hall-frank-gehry
  • 33. Introduction: Diversity really does impact the creation of design. Everywhere you go the diversity of culture, race, and ethnicity affect the surrounding buildings, art, and even everyday items. I never really thought just how much design really was affected by its surroundings. What I found most interesting about this class was the change in focus. One week we are thinking about disabilities the next we’re thinking of religion. It kept me interested because each week there was something new to discuss. My viewpoints have become more broad now that I have thought of and discussed different topics up for debate. I have learned to understand two views and their points rather than a one sided argument. The following pages document my responses to the online discussion questions in the Spring 2017 version of ARC 211 American Diversity and Design at the University at Buffalo – State University of New York.
  • 34. Week 1 Week 1 Thread 2: Response to "What is design?" from Hello World On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies. For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage. One of the best innovations in the history of the United States was the creation of the Transcontinental Railroad. It was built between the year 1863 and 1869. The railroad connected the west to the east. The railroad allowed for easier transportation of goods and people. Instead of having to wait months for supplies and destinations to be reached it decreased to about a week. The building of the railroad also created more jobs for people country wide. Today the train is still used as a way of transportation although the automobile and airplane have surpassed the amount of time it would take to take a train.
  • 35. Week 1 Thread 3 On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more equitable. Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.) Steve Jobs struggled quite a bit a long his life but it did not deteriorate his success later on in life. He was given up for adoption as a baby and later lived in Mountain View California. Growing up although very smart he didn't care for school, as only a fourth grader administrators wanted Steve to continue into high school. Afterwards he continued onto Reed College only to drop out 6 months later, instead he took time to drop into creative classes. And at only 21, him and Wozniak founded Apple Computer, which was started up in just a garage. Steve Jobs died in 2011 at the age of 56 due to pancreatic cancer. Today Apple is worth nearly 495 billion dollars, and it all started with a 21-year-old in a garage.
  • 36. Week 2 Thread 1: Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs Thread 1: FROM: Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles does this photo play in the communication of the event? I chose the image below because it rings a certain emotion for me. Below is a picture of a man jumping from the Twin Towers from the well-known 9/11 crash. This picture really brings the event into focus for me because the person shown had his own life. Putting that into perspective that he had a family, friends a job and hobbies, he lived much like we do every day, only to have to willing end his life because of what others have done. It’s sad to imagine watching this man’s life end before millions of viewers eyes. And to have this moment captured second before it all came to an end. I couldn’t bare imagine what was going through his mind. Now also imagine this exact moment happening to thousands of people of all different backgrounds. Seeing one really puts it into perspective that
  • 37. Week 2 Thread 2: Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design Thread 2: FROM: “Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective” NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another? The classic Trump hat is recognized worldwide. The bright ugly red hat is just a simple baseball cap followed by ‘Make America Great Again’ in a white Times New Roman font. Although there is nothing extraordinary about the hat, it can be recognized easily.
  • 38. Week 3 Thread 1: Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S. involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society? As competition increased the visual form of products, such as Ford's Model T, the creation of advertising and marketing became important while selling new products and models. Even today the advertisement of products within the market is important. Within the next twenty years the human interference with computers will decrease. Instead of humans having to physically put in a design you can just speak to the computer and it will design something. But unlike living things such as humans and dog’s computers do not learn they just regenerate every time. Although some are concerned with whether or not computers will take over human jobs, it seems we are heading more towards human computer collaboration instead. Humans can direct computers what to do and machines can create the same precision every time.
  • 39. Week 3 Thread 2: Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions: Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr. Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any product that embraces Cradle-to-Cradle design. Please describe and site sources. The Tetra Pot 2016 IDEA Gold Award Product designed by Sheng Hung Lee, I/DSA and Won Kee Lee o IDEO created a way to make a natural defense against soil erosion and to create a natural habitat and ecosystem. This follows the Cradle-to-Cradle because it betters the ecosystem in a way of making a natural habitat for animals. The only disregard of the Tetra Pot is that the concrete itself is not a natural element. Another example of an invention created to better the environment is PEG or Personal Energy Generator. This generator allows you to charge any handheld electronic device through your own kinetic energy. www.removeandreplace.com
  • 40. Week 4 Thread 1: Response to All Module 4 Materials Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) In 1956 the Southdale Center was built in Edina Minnesota by Victor Gruen, this center became what's best known as an indoor mall located in a suburban area. Gruen's goal was to create an area where the community could actually intermix without the rush of cars and traffic, ponds and plants were also brought to the interior to represent the outdoors of the downtown area. Windows were also placed high above in order to stray away from people being distracted from the outdoors. The idea format itself actually came from Vienna Austria, where Gruen was from, the context of the building challenged the norm of the typical shops. Gruen hated the advertisement present on commercial buildings, so instead the center had a blank wall towards the bustling street and was advertised inside. The Archicenter is a good example of a present building that can bring the community together. the shape allows for an easy flow of people; large windows allow for viewing of the community on three sides. A kitchen, fireplace and seating area were all important qualities that were important to include. Not only did the building bring people together but also the making of the center itself created a community activity. The project was built using wood masonry that is easy for anyone to do and also is good for the environment.
  • 41. Week 4 Thread 2: Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.) I found very few similarities between Ballanytyne and Zumthor, but one thing I believe they could both agree on is that architecture is an experience that one makes. Ballantyne derives that architecture is created by one’s personality or experience. A home is based on one’s style personality and preference; the home is affected by the person. Whereas Zumthor argues that that the person is actually affected by architecture, and he gives examples that he tries to incorporate memories of architecture when he was young with new qualities.
  • 42. Week 5 Thread 1: Response to Levy Article Here is your discussion question on the Levy article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' responses. John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example, some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up? The amount of character and demand is what affects where I live the most. Within Lancaster NY, it is a big town with approximately 500 students per graduating class and this number is only expanding. More and more people are residing in suburban neighborhoods such as Lancaster where new neighborhoods and lots are being offered. Due to this high demand of suburbanization, taxes for land, town and schools are increasing. The town of Lancaster itself has one of the highest taxes in Western New York in comparison to other towns in the district. Lancaster is also ranked number three for schooling in the districts. Taxes go towards sports, music, clubs, technology such as 3D printers, trade school (harkness), and academies. Although the taxes in my area are high it is only to match with the growing number of homes and productivity of the schools. No large buildings reside with individual homes. The placement of the town was done strategically. The city town is nestled in the middle of the city and any stores, restaurants, or gas stations are within an easy reach but do not interfere with the residential traffic. As for nature and the environment we have many town parks and a 13-mile bike path open for anyone to use. The town itself was thought out very strategically and it is no wonder that land in Lancaster is in such high demand.
  • 43. Week 5 Thread 2: Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson Here is your discussion question on the Pruitt Igoe project, the Talen article, and the Larson lecture. article. Please post your own response, and respond to at least two other students' response magine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective? In order to start what would be a new Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis City, it is important to first discuss three main strategies we wish to include in the rebuild. Through consideration of all three of our views, it is important to include affordability for the young and the old whom wish to live in the city, integrate a diversity of people with different race, social stability, and age. The placement of where the actual residual will also hold importance for easier networking for those without private vehicles. Within the reading "Design that Enables Diversity", Emily Talen spoke to me when she really enforced that there is a difference between integrating and creating a social mix. Integrating seems more forced and unnatural, where as a social mix is more natural and increases a positive mixture of diversity without a slight feel of segregation of race and social still lurking. So what we hope to include in the variation is a combination of different incomes, races, genders, ethnicities, household sizes and lifestyles. Larson is quick to think of solutions to as how we can accommodate people whom are all so different. He encourages the means of networking and how in Paris everything anyone needs within the villages is within a five minute where as new cities are not planned out as easily reachable. The location for the new Pruitt Igoe is key for those whom don't have access to private vehicles. Being near public transportation or walkways like the Highline in NYC allow easier transportation which Larson hopes for more in the future. With the varying incomes, family sizes and just overall personalities people can't all fit to one standard home multiplied a hundred times. Larson has been studying movable walls and also a survey that asks residents what is most important that they wish to include in their homes. The movable walls can then moves based on how much space or what the resident wishes to accommodate. If they wish to sit sixteen people for dinner, they will be able to by just moving other walls farther apart to extend the dining room, the possibilities are truly endless when arranging your home, the way you want to. As well as agreeing with the terms of Talen and Larson, I also believe it is important to enforce clean facilities and a surveillance of a sort to prevent vandalism and crime. In the new Pruitt Igoe residents can live the way they chose as long as they follow basic building guidelines, anyone can choose to reside here. Maintenance will be paid by the tenants pay, and if a resident cannot afford it they can pay buy putting in a few hours to clean the facility that would equal the amount they would have had to pay. Networking surrounding the building will be placed in a better way so residents can get jobs within walking or public transportation distances.
  • 44. Week 6 Thread 1: Response to F.L. Olmsted Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make that claim today? Why or why not? Fredrick Law Olmsted created the first city within a park and first state park within the United States all within Buffalo New York. His claim that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to its streets, public spaces and grounds, in the United States, if not the world", although his view may be biased, in 1876 he was not far off. Within Buffalo he was able to create over eight hundred acres of park space spread throughout the city, which is the same amount as Central Park in New York City. He was able to connect three main parts, the Front, the Parade and Delaware. As time went on we have also had to accommodate to the needs of people including cars and tourist sites while still preserving Goat Island. In 2012 in honor of the 125th Olmsted's Niagara Falls Plan, Buffalo passed twenty-five million dollars to preserve the park surrounding the falls. Although the parkways have augmented to fit society, I still believe Olmsted would make the same claim today because the foundation of the parkway is still there just with new approach for a changing society. The first ever parkways remain even after 150 years, that's pretty remarkable that a majority of the plans still remain for all to enjoy.
  • 45. Week 6 Thread 2: Response to Walter Hood's Work Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project, and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable). If I were to memorialize any building in my hometown I would choose to focus on the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' located on the corner of Bowen and William in Lancaster New York. The schoolhouse was first built in 1868 as only a one room facility, heated using a potbellied stove in the middle of the room surrounded by desks. The structure itself was made entirely out of red brick hence the name 'Little Red School House'. The school taught grades ranging from grade k all the way to 12 within the small space. The school was in operation up until 1948. In 1968, a fire destroyed the roof and interior of the school. In 1973 the Lancaster Historical Society was formed and work was completed on the schoolhouse in 1978 and has been open to the public since. Lancaster holds such great history, but generation after generation, the history is overlooked as unimportant to the daily routine. The everyday mundane of the Lancaster resident doesn't revolve around Lancaster's historic landmarks, they simply pass them on their daily commute. In order to make these historical landmarks more important to the residents’ everyday lives, I believe it is important to include them in decision making. After creating a list of possibilities that have already been budgeted, offer up a town vote at a town board meeting then tally the vote. Afterwards you can announce what will take place in order to get the town people interested and excited about what will take place or be built. Specifically, at the 'Little Red Schoolhouse' I think it lacks activities. The school itself is only a one room facility that doesn't take much time to look around. I think adding activities outside may create a more active area. Maybe adding a playground will stimulate more interest from local kids. Children already find the old school interesting, but like I said there is not much to do afterwards, so putting in a playground is fitting especially since it is a schoolhouse after all. Following the playground benches, tables and coverage of some sort will be necessary for parents and guardians of the children playing. We want to create an area where kids can be kids and parents can relax all whilst enjoying the historical facility.
  • 46. Week 7 Thread 1: Response to the Brookes The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation? What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision, an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Images especially from past history has always had a longing impression on those whom have viewed it, whether this being racial injustice, war, or human civil rights. Brookes was a famous image depicting the dehumanization of those enslaved and slated into boats they would then sell them like cargo. Racial issues are a continuous debate all the way from 1788 till now. The image I selected shows a young African girl inside a human zoo exhibit. The interpretation should be enough to make someone question the moral of those whom put a human in an enclosure in the first place. The little girl isn't even bothered by the many onlookers gazing at her, she just carries on as if it is a routine. For me my first reaction was astonishment, I had to reread my source for I could not believe there was such a thing as a human zoo. That’s where it catches, a HUMAN zoo, she is a human like everyone else and she is being overlooked like an animal at a petting zoo. The sad thing is, this is normal for her, she is so young that she knows nothing better, being treated like an animal being fed by strangers is what she finds normal, this image took place in Belgium in 1958. If someone from Belgium were to look at this picture and the date, I feel like they would feel a sense of disappointment, and similar to me question how a human could be treated this way.
  • 47. Week 7 Thread 2: Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.) Equityxdesign can be used when discussing the placement and creation of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial. One of the beliefs I focused on was belief number one, which is Learning to see historical context matters. When creating something based on a historical figure, it is important to include some of the history and meaning behind the memorial. People want to be able to relate and recognize the historical content, it is also important to focus on where exactly its being built, why it's being built and whom it is being built for. Bonnie Fisher and Boris Dramov were able to portray the historical importance by including quotes from past speeches that promoted human civil rights and placing a 30-foot statue on an imaginary axis between Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson, two representative presidents in the nations struggle with black civil rights. When you follow the axis it shows how Lincoln paved the way for King because both gave their lives fighting for civil rights. Another important principle of Equityxdesign is to start with yourself. Although it is important to include historical context is necessary to fit to the present community. The memorial was meant to portray quotes from speeches that still ring true today. The memorial is a sanctuary, a place of peace sitting upon the water’s edge overlooking other famous monuments. It is a place of interaction for people of all ages, races and social groups, an interaction Martin Luther King Jr. once dreamed of.
  • 48. Week 8 Thread 1: Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not? (Limit your response to 250 words.) I don't necessarily have a specific place or object in my own that represents my ethnicity year round. I am Irish and Polish so on st Patrick's day and Dyngus day, my family will decorate the home and celebrate with traditional foods and customs. Instead of the stereotypical partying done on St. Patrick's day, my family attends church and we ate an Irish meal consisting of corn beef and cabbage, mashed potatoes, beef stew, and soda bread. Same thing with Dyngus day, we attend church eat pierogies, sausage and potato pancakes and of course a butter lamb for bread. Depending on weather we will also attend the parade where girls wear crowns with strings and hold pussy willows, and boys have water guns. When I move away and have a family of my own I hope to carry out the same traditions. I am from Buffalo which is a very Polish and Irish induced city. Most bars in and around the city are Irish based such as a bar near my home called the Green Buffalo. Let’s not forget the enormous parade and partying permitted in Buffalo on St Patrick's day and or weekend. My town especially is very Polish based, everyone and their neighbor is of Polish descent. Dingus day is also a large holiday in Buffalo celebrated with a parade. We have many Polish restaurants such as Matka's and Papas, Polish Villa's, Polish Falcon and Redlinski's. It's safe
  • 49. Week 8 Thread 2: Response to Article on Sports Branding Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why? Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.) I personally don't believe team branding designers should use ethnic references. I can speak representatively on this issue because in my junior year of high school, my school was foregoing changing our mascot from the Redskins to Legends. It was a very controversial topic even in a small town nevertheless for a known NFL team. Similar to Daniel Snyder, owner of Washington's NFL Club, we to believe the name only carried a sense of honor, respect, pride, and most importantly tradition. Although the change took some getting used to, especially for the alumni, three years later nothing about the town's pride has changed and now our mascot is not a racist slur towards Native Americans. Similar to my towns situation, Larger teams will eventually get used to the change and it will benefit everyone. It's 2017, racially slurred team names should be eliminated out of respect.
  • 50. Week 9 Thread 1: Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2) stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source. First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example? Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.) The image I selected is a picture of both boys and girls playing with toys on a Toys R Us magazine. The designer did an excellent job of countering the typical gender stereotype of what boys and girls should be being playing with. Children are influenced at a young age on what is expected of them. Parents are the main factor behind raising their children using gender roles. Most parents due it out of fear that if their child is 'different', then they will be bullied or excluded by their peers. This ad helps break that gender barrier between 'boy toys' and 'girl toys'. The image portrays a little boy taking care of a baby doll, a girl playing with a nerf gun, and both a boy and girl playing with a doll house. With ads like these it promotes kids to play with whatever they want, and seeing other kids of their same gender playing with these toys will make them feel more comfortable. The approach is effective because it shows kids it okay to play with whatever toys you want. This ad speaks thoroughly to gender stereotypes; I cannot pick out anything to change.
  • 51. Week 9 Thread 2: Response to Bathroom Bill Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures. Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not. In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limit your response to less than 250 words.) I personally believe people should go to the bathroom where they are comfortable. Being able to use a bathroom is a basic human right, and no one should be denied something we can't control. As far as I'm concerned, someone whom undergoes a sex change and becomes trans gender it also means they become a whole new gender. If they were once a girl now they are a boy, they undergo so many changes so they can feel comfortable in their skin, so who are we to disregard their new gender due to a form signed at birth. I can also understand why people are uncomfortable with the situation at hand, if bathrooms don't require one gender in them then you can't discriminate between who is and isn't allowed in the bathroom. I personally would also not care to find a line of guys in the girl’s bathroom simply because they can. As a designer I would offer 'family' restrooms for either those whom are uncomfortable sharing their restroom or for trans genders and or people whom identify as a different race. The main problem with this solution would be the amount of space being taken up in facilities since family unisex bathrooms are one single room.
  • 52. Week 10 Thread 1: Response to Hidden Ways Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3) crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you’ve photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photograph, and make certain that you are in at least one of the two photographs. In the summer I enjoy visiting the beaches in Buffalo. Some beaches are open and free to the public such as Bennett Beach, other either cost money to park, entrance or both. Sunset Beach, which is a very popular beach, charges a cost for both parking and admission, and the rate increases over the weekend. But along this beach is privately owned cottages and homes, so certain parts of the beach are non-accessible to the public. I would consider this example crusty because there is an obvious gate and sign that warns trespassers but you can easily see the private beach and easily walk right past the sign. Another example I can think of is the Buffalo Train Station, it is easily viewed from the street or the canal as pictured. I would consider this example to be slippery because most people don't access the train station unless an event is taking place, otherwise people feel like they are trespassing. The picture shows me kayaking next to the building in the Canal.
  • 53. Week 10 Thread 2: Response to People Like Us After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher. Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners, urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family (and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team to do to help Tammy and her family achieve their goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem? I find this situation difficult to completely resolve with only design. The designers themselves cannot make living in a facility affordable, that is more so the owner of the facility. One solution I can think of is either building a facility in a more mainstream area where you are surrounded by jobs and opportunities and schools, where you don't have to walk 10 miles to school or work. Or if this isn't an option, perhaps better the bus or subway system and route. Offer a closer and more accurate bus route so Tammy would not have to walk 10 miles to work. But if we can effectively place an affordable living space less isolated and in a more functional area, perhaps being closer to jobs and other people could help Tammy's situation. That way if she wanted a day job then pursue a better education at night she can either walk or take a bus on route between home, work, and school. Design itself cannot completely change the wellbeing of those living in poverty, but it can make living more functional and better opportunities more achievable.