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![ANaLIZabb
’08
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Lambert Beer Law: I/Io = e-ε*c*l](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/p3spainacf-nthbl01-221121215214-4270d8d0/85/P-3_Spain_ACF-NT_Hbl_01-ppt-30-320.jpg)
P 3_Spain_ACF-NT_Hbl_01.ppt
- 1. © Copyright 2008 ABB. All rights reserved. - 1 - 11/21/2022 ACF-NT CEM System based onFTIR Technology Günter Haberzettl 21-22 de Mayo
- 2. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT The leadingMulti-Component CEM-System
- 3. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Table ofContents Legislation Application Approvals Pre-engineered solution Spectromter Communication Remote Control Service
- 4. ANaLIZabb ’08 The Hierarchy ofLegislation Air Quality Policy Directive 96/61/CE - Integrated Pollution Prevention & Control Directive 96/62/EC - Air Quality Framework Directive 2000/76/EC – Waste Incineration & Co-Incineration Directive 2001/80/EC – Large Combustion Plants Directive 2001/81/EC – National Emission Ceilings CAFE Program (Clean Air for Europe) International Treaties EU Legislation National Legislation Regional & Local Legislation Sofia Protocol – NOx Protocol Gothenburg Protocol Kyoto Protocol – Greenhouse Gases • Law Making • Law Enforcing • Permitting • Monitoring & Control
- 5. ANaLIZabb ’08 Emission Monitoring according2000/76/EC WID ELV 1) Daily average Values Half - hourly average values Certified Measuring Method Component Hydrogene chloride HCL 10 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR Hydrogen fluoride HF 1 mg/m³ 4 mg/³ NDIR / FTIR Sulphur dioxide SO2 50 mg/m³ 200 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR Nitrogen monoxide + Nitrogen dioxide 2) NOx ( NO + NO2 ) 200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR Total organic carbons TOC 10 mg/m³ 20 mg/m³ FID Oxygen 3) O2 Electrochem. Cell Paramagnetic Extract of the pollutants to be monitored 1) Emission Limit Value. Measuring ranges are based to the ELV with 1,5 times 2) Sum of NO+NO2 . NO2 needs to be measured if concentration is > 5% of NO 3) Reference value. Typical 0…25 Vol% MR.
- 6. ANaLIZabb ’08 Emission Monitoring according2001/80/EC LCP Extract of pollutants to be monitored using coal firing ELV 1) Daily average values Half hourly average values Certified Measuring Method Component Carbon monoxide CO 200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR Sulfur dioxide SO2 50 mg/m³ 200 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR NOx ( NO + NO2 ) 200 mg/m³ 400 mg/m³ NDIR / FTIR Oxygen 3) O2 Electrochem. Cell Paramagnetic Nitrigen monoxide + Nitrogen dioxide 2) 1) Emission Limit Value. Measuring ranges are based to the ELV with 2,5 times 2) Sum of NO+NO2 . NO2 needs to be measured if concentration is > 5% of NO 3) Reference value. Typical 0…25 Vol% MR.
- 7. ANaLIZabb ’08 Development of PollutantEmissions CAFE = Clean Air for Europe Program
- 8. ANaLIZabb ’08 Interweaving the EuropeanRegulations & Directives Directive 2001/80/EC Large Combustion Plants LCPs For example TÜV testing accord. EN 15267-3 Directive 2000/76/EC Waste Incineration Plants & Co-Incineration (p.e. Cement) EN 14181 Stationary source emissions Quality assurance of Automated Measuring Systems (AMS) Come into force on Nov. 27, 2004 QAL 1 Basic suitability of the measuring system for the measuring task (EN ISO 14956) QAL 2 Installation and calibration of the AMS, determination of measurement uncertainty and check for maintaining permissible measurement uncertainties QAL 3 Regular drift control of the AMS during operation AST Annual surveillance test Testing and calibration laboratories needs authorization in accordance to EN / ISO / IEC 17025 CDM Projects
- 9. ANaLIZabb ’08 Main Requirements forCEM Systems Avaliability No more than 10 daily average values per year shall be invalid caused by mailfunction or maintenance of the AMS (Automated Measuring System). 10days / 365days operation = 97% uptime required Abnormal Operating Conditions In case of a breakdown (including measurement device), the operator shall reduce or close down operations. Important High-standard measurement techniques are required to monitor pollutant emissions
- 10. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT • Applications CEM System for Emission Monitoring at Waste Incinerators Sludge Incinerators Power plants Co-incinerator processes Catalyst protection monitoring Cement Kilns Co-incineration processes ... and all combustion processes which has to fulfil the EN standards for CEMS
- 11. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Approvals toCEM - Standards Certification and Compliance to international Standards EU Directives 2000/76/EC Waste Incineration & Co-Incineration 2001/80/EC Large Combustion Plants EN 14181 Quality Assurance fulfilled Complies with EU – TÜV UK – MCERTS US & Canada EPA ASTM CSA 6 months maintenance tested
- 12. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Performance lowdetection limits high selectivity high linearity high repeatability high stability high availability fast response low maintenance cost low cost per component Long maintenance interval
- 13. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Pre-Engineered Solution Complete System for Multi-Component Measurement Continuously Operating System Extractive Measurement - Hot / Wet Sample Probe & Preparation Analysis based on ABB – Technology Best available technology for monitoring low ranges of reactive gases such as: HCl, HF and NH3 … Communication, conventional and modern serial interfaces Modbus
- 14. ANaLIZabb ’08 Hydrogen ChlorideHCl Sulphur Dioxide SO2 Hydrogen Flouride HF Volatile Hydro-Carbons VOC Ammonia NH3 ACF-NT Engineering Why measuring hot ? Some Gases are easily lost by condensation To prevent acid condensation hot design (180°C) is necessary Nitrogen Oxides NOx Nitrous Oxide N2O Carbon Monoxide CO Carbon Dioxide CO2 Oxygen O2
- 15. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Measuring components- and Ranges Smallest ranges Typical Other Components on request Testgas Air Testgas FID & O2 I/O HMI1 25 Vol% O2 Plausibility Test Spectrometer Oxygen Measurement 5 mg/m3 HF 15 mg/m3 HCl 40 Vol% H2O 75 mg/m3 SO2 15 mg/m3 VOC 50 mg/m3 N2O 15 mg/m3 NH3 40 mg/m3 NO2 200 mg/m3 NO 30 Vol% CO2 75 mg/m3 CO Multi FID14 ACF-NT FTIR Zirconia Flame Ionization Measuring Ranges 200 mg/m³ 25 Vol% 400 mg/m³ 80 mg/m³ 15 mg/m³ 100 mg/m³ 300 mg/m³ 40 / 60 Vol% 90 mg/m³ 6 mg/m³ 30 mg/m³ 25 Vol% Range switchover possible 75 / 300 mg/m³ 200 / 400 mg/m³ 75 / 300 mg/m³ 15 / 90 mg/m³ ratio max 1 : 4
- 16. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT FTIR -Flow Diagram 1 Probe tube 2 Heated filter 3 Heated sampling line 4 Stainless steel filter 5 Heated meas. cell 6 FTIR spectrometer 13 Switch test gas local or probe. Emergency purge 14 Check valve 15 FID port 16 Port for 3rd party analyzer 9 6 11 12 Test gas 1 2 Compressed Air 13 5 10 3 4 8 16 Gas Outlet 15 7 14 7 ZrO2 Sensor (option) 8 Aspirator pump 9 Spectrometer purge 10 Compressed air cleaner 11 Zero gas solenoid 12 Test gas solenoid Sample Gas
- 17. ANaLIZabb ’08 Filter Unit PFE2 Filterunit FE2 with Heating sleeve + Temerature controller + Filter Unit PFE2
- 18. ANaLIZabb ’08 Heated sample gasline Probe tube Wall Wall tube Filter Unit PFE2 Heating Gas Sampling Probe • Typical Installation Mounting angle 8°... 90° downwards One single sample point required for all measured components
- 19. ANaLIZabb ’08 Gas Sampling Probe• Typical Installation Insulation required
- 20. ANaLIZabb ’08 Modular Sample ProbeSystem - Probe Tube 42 heated Wall tube for probe
- 21. ANaLIZabb ’08 Modular Sample ProbeSystem - Probe Tube 42 heated Pt 100 sensor Terminal box Suitable for: - Low temperature (<180 °C, high dewpoint, Water or acid - Stack with brick walls in a tube in tube construction Power supply PT100 Sensor
- 22. ANaLIZabb ’08 Heated Sample GasLine TBL01-S Design Example Flange Adapter Outer shielding with corrugated bundle hose
- 23. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT FTIR Spectrometer The core of the ACF-NT ABB-Bomem Michelson Interferometer FT-IR Fourier Transform InfraRed – Spectroscopy
- 24. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Photometry Basics Polyatomicmolecules Absorption at specific wavelengths HCl l = 3.4 µm Symmetrical molecules Transparent to IR N2 l = 2 - 25 µm Measurement of all infrared active components at the same time All molecules consisting of 3 and more atoms and all di-atomic heteronuclear molecules absorb infrared radiation Example CO, NO, SO2 But not N2, O2, Hg
- 25. ANaLIZabb ’08 HF HCl NO CO H2O @ 20vol% NH3 SO2 CO2 IRSpectrum of Molecules = Fingerprints
- 26. ANaLIZabb ’08 FTIR Interferometer Light incidentonto the 2 mirrors IR-Detector Beam splitter Fixed mirror LASER : 1 single wavelength I l time Interferogram I x Moving mirror x Light reflected from the moving mirror Fourier Transformation Spectrum frequency I with half transparent lay Interference as function of mirror displacement
- 27. ANaLIZabb ’08 Interferometer ( FourierTransfrom Infra Red ) IR - Detector IR- Source 4 - 20 mA Interfero- meter Multiplexer CO, SO2/N2 Cell Intensity Wavelength Intensity Wavelength lz lz2 lz3 lz1 Intensity Wavelength lz2 lz3 lz1 Modulator
- 28. ANaLIZabb ’08 Sources and DetectorsInfrared - Laser - White light Interferometer x DX White light + x - x 0 0 + x - x Interferogramm - White Light - Detector 3 Infrared Laser (Distance determination) Detector 2 Detector 1 White light (Zero point determination) DX + x - x 0 Intensity Laser IR-Source Interferogramm - Detected Signal -
- 29. ANaLIZabb ’08 From Interferogram tospectrum 0 20 40 60 80 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Function of Frequency (sec-1) or Wavenumber (cm-1) Raw Spectrum -X Mirror Displacement (in cm) = Function of Time (sec) 0 +X Intensity Interferogram FT Measurement of light intensity as a function of time (sec) or mirror displacement (cm) conversion
- 30. ANaLIZabb ’08 From Raw Spectrumto Absorbance 0 20 40 60 80 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 - Raw gas - spectrum Intensity 0 .1 .2 .3 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Absorption - Absorption - spectrum .6 .8 1 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Transmission - Transmission - spectrum 0 20 40 60 80 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ] Intensity - Reference Spectrum - ( Zero Spectrum ) I0 I T = I / I0 E = - ln T CO SO2 Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ] Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ] Wavenumber n [ cm -1 ] Lambert Beer Law: I/Io = e-ε*c*l
- 31. ANaLIZabb ’08 ABB Spectrometer Split ArchitectureDesign = Separation Between Gas Path and Electronics Interferometer Laser Detector IR Source PC board Spectrometer cover Transfer optics Heated gas cell Aspirator Block Heated sample line Mirrors O2 Sensor Cell insulation
- 32. ANaLIZabb ’08 FTIR-Spectrometer with Interferometer GasCell Ir- Source Ir- Detector Interferometer
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- 34. ANaLIZabb ’08 Gas Sampling ElementsSummary One sampling point for all components Lower Installation cost Completely heated at 180 °C No risk of condensation before measurement Proven air aspirator pump & diluted gas at the cell outlet No moving parts, no corrosion Electronic flow control of the aspiration Accurate pressure and temperature correction Proven extractive sampling technology No delicate optics or electronics at the stack
- 35. ANaLIZabb ’08 Measuring Methods VOC -Measurement EN 12619 is setting the standard for TOC - measurement, worked out by the CEN The FID is the only permitted principle of the technique. FID – method is independent valid, notwithstanding under which approval a plant gets release for operation by the regional authorities. Standard agreed by all CEN member countrie. For all other measuring components exists EN - Standards too.
- 36. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT System Block-Diagram Span Zero H2 FTIR Spectrometer InOut 1mm Combustion Air Instrument Air 5 .. 7 bar FID Air purifier ZrO2 Span Gas FTIR Zero 2% O2/N2 Zero O2 Zero FID Catalyzer ?% CnHm Span FID Span SNE Heater PT 100 Heater Heater PT 100 ZrO2-Signal Controller SC-Block Multi-FID 14 ASP/RGM11-Module 6 7 8 9 10 180 °C 180 °C 180 °C 180 °C 700 °C 180 °C 180 °C
- 37. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Sample ConditioningBlock (SC-Block) ZrO2 MG- In FID
- 38. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Network ZrO2 Multi FID14 DI/DO AI/AO System controller HUB AO/DO/DI/AIimplementation in ACF-NT (Option) Dust 4 – 20mA Modbus Profibus Modbus Ethernet Internal Bus FTIR controller DAQ FTIR HMI
- 39. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Features Measuringup to 12 components continuously Complete pre-engineered system 6 months maintenance interval Proven hot wet extractive measurement technique High stability Fully integrated VOC & O2 – measurement Unique air-driven injector pump. No moving parts
- 40. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Features AllAnalyzers from ABB VOC & O2 fully integrated Easy Operation - Single HMI Clear-text status messages Integration and display from other measurements (p.e. dust, temp.) Human Machine Interface (front)
- 41. ANaLIZabb ’08 ACF-NT Features Recourcessaving calibration concept without test gases for FTIR technology High availability through self-monitoring design Extra gas port for integration of a third party analyzer Communication ACF-NT Modbus
- 42. ANaLIZabb ’08 Future-oriented Communication Concept ACF-NT Dust HeadOffice Ethernet Coupling via OPC or AnalyzeIT Field bus Coupling e.g. Profibus Ethernet via OPC DCS ABB Support Modem coupling I/Os Internal Bus coupling
- 43. ANaLIZabb ’08 Remote Service Supportfor Maintenance Customer Remote-Service Worldwide ! Tele-diagnostics & Status Temp. & Flow of sampling items Zero calibration FTIR Analyzer Error Remote Configuration Software Upgrade Maintenance request FTIR-Analyzer
- 44. ANaLIZabb ’08 ABB Service atSpain Xavier Pedescoll Manager David Bernal Service Engineer Luis Machay Service Engineer Javier Guerrero Service Engineer Eduardo Fernandez Service Engineer
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- 46. ANaLIZabb ’08 The 500th ACF-NT Deliverdto the Holcim Cement plant in Lorca, in the province of Murcia
- 47. ANaLIZabb ’08 Continuous Gas Analysis Advancedsolutions for smart systems