Outreach Sept 2018: Axelle Calcus

1. Electrophysiological measures of auditory processing Axelle Calcus

2. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) [1] Halliday et al., 2017

3. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) • Prevalence: 1.46/1000 live births [1] Halliday et al., 2017

4. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) • Prevalence: 1.46/1000 live births • Mild (21-40 dB) to moderate (41-70 dB) sensorineural hearing loss [1] Halliday et al., 2017

5. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) • Prevalence: 1.46/1000 live births • Mild (21-40 dB) to moderate (41-70 dB) sensorineural hearing loss • Residual hearing… [1] Halliday et al., 2017

6. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) • Prevalence: 1.46/1000 live births • Mild (21-40 dB) to moderate (41-70 dB) sensorineural hearing loss • Residual hearing… • … yet, deficits in general auditory processing and risk of language difficulties [1] Halliday et al., 2017

7. Mild to Moderate Hearing Loss (MMHL) • Prevalence: 1.46/1000 live births • Mild (21-40 dB) to moderate (41-70 dB) sensorineural hearing loss • Residual hearing… • … yet, deficits in general auditory processing and risk of language difficulties • How does peripheral impairment affect central processing of sounds in children with MMHL? [1] Halliday et al., 2017

8. The Auditory Pathway in 1 minute

9. The neurophysiological brain

10. The neurophysiological brain

11. • Approximately 100-150 billion neurons in the human brain. • Neurons make up only 10% of the cells in our brain • Synapses: sending and receiving information to/from other neurons • EEG signal originates from the synaptic currents that last usually for 10-100 ms. The neurophysiological brain

12. • Approximately 100-150 billion neurons in the human brain. • Neurons make up only 10% of the cells in our brain • Synapses: sending and receiving information to/from other neurons • EEG signal originates from the synaptic currents that last usually for 10-100 ms. The neurophysiological brain

13. Introduction to EEG: basics • Simultaneous activity of large populations of neurons • Neural populations have to be aligned in a parallel orientation summation

14. What we measure with EEG EEG is a recording of the brain’s spontaneous electrical activity

15. What we measure with EEG EEG is a recording of the brain’s spontaneous electrical activity

16. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) S S S S S S Time D D

17. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) S S S S S S Time D 14 years-old NH n = 1 D

18. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) S S S S S S Time D 14 years-old NH n = 1 D P1 N1 P2 N2

19. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) S S S S S S Time D 14 years-old NH n = 1 D P1 N1 P2 N2

20. Mismatch Negativity (MMN) S S S S S S Time D n = 1 D P1 N1 P2 N2 8 years-old NH X X

21. MMHL & MMN Oates et al., 2002 In childrenIn adults 65 dB SPL 80 dB SPL 70 dB HL [80-100] dB HL

22. MMHL & MMN Oates et al., 2002 Koravand et al., 2013 In childrenIn adults 65 dB SPL 80 dB SPL 70 dB HL [80-100] dB HL

23. MMHL & MMN Oates et al., 2002 Koravand et al., 2013 In childrenIn adults 65 dB SPL 80 dB SPL 70 dB HL [80-100] dB HL ❌ ✅

24. MMHL & MMN In childrenIn adults 65 dB SPL 80 dB SPL 70 dB HL [80-100] dB HL ❌ ✅ Evaluate developmental effects of MMHL on neural discrimination (MMN) of nonspeech, speechlike and speech sounds.

25. The present study Nonspeech

29. The present study Nonspeech Speechlike

33. The present study Nonspeech Speechlike Speech

37. Methods Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

38. Methods • Two-deviants oddball paradigm Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

39. Methods • Two-deviants oddball paradigm • 70 dB SPL Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

40. Methods • Two-deviants oddball paradigm • 70 dB SPL • HL children: tested without their hearing aids Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

41. Methods • Two-deviants oddball paradigm • 70 dB SPL • HL children: tested without their hearing aids • Behavioural discrimination Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

42. Methods • Two-deviants oddball paradigm • 70 dB SPL • HL children: tested without their hearing aids • Behavioural discrimination Younger [7-11 y-old] Older [12-16 y-old] Total MMHL 23 23 46 CA NH 26 18 44 Total 49 41 90 • Participants • English-speaking children (2011)

43. Results: Nonspeech n = 24 n = 24 n = 22 n = 20 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older Standard Large deviant Small deviant

44. Results: Nonspeech n = 24 n = 24 n = 22 n = 20 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older Standard Large deviant Small deviant

45. Results: Nonspeech n = 24 n = 24 n = 22 n = 20 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

48. Results: Nonspeech n = 24 n = 22 n = 20 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

49. Results: Nonspeech n = 24 n = 22 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

50. Results: Nonspeech n = 22 HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

51. Results: Nonspeech HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

52. Results: Speechlike HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

57. Results: Speech HL Younger HL Older NH Younger NH Older

62. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition.

63. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition.

64. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition. • Interpretation:

65. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition. • Interpretation: • Sample bias?

66. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition. • Interpretation: • Sample bias? • Developmental effect of HL on neural discrimination of sounds?

67. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition. • Interpretation: • Sample bias? • Developmental effect of HL on neural discrimination of sounds?

68. Interim discussion & follow-up • While present in younger children with HL, there was no significant MMN in older HL children, whatever the condition. • Interpretation: • Sample bias? • Developmental effect of HL on neural discrimination of sounds? • A follow-up study was then set up to track how the MMN changes over time in a subset of children with HL.

69. Follow-up methods • Participants: • 14 children with HL from the initial “younger” group (mean age: 15 years-old) • Material: identical to initial experiment • No significant difference in EEG noise floor between the two experiments

70. Results: Nonspeech n = 14 n = 14 n = 14n = 14 NH Older HL Younger HL Younger > Older HL Older

73. Results: Speechlike NH Older HL Younger HL Older HL Younger > Older

74. Results: Speech NH Older HL Younger HL Older HL Younger > Older

75. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL [1] Halliday et al., in prep

76. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL [1] Halliday et al., in prep

77. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL • Behavioural tasks: no difference between younger and older children with HL [1] [1] Halliday et al., in prep

81. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL • Behavioural tasks: no difference between younger and older children with HL [1] • Even a mild or moderate HL affects the integrity of the auditory pathway, with long-term effects that begin to reveal themselves throughout adolescence. [1] Halliday et al., in prep

82. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL • Behavioural tasks: no difference between younger and older children with HL [1] • Even a mild or moderate HL affects the integrity of the auditory pathway, with long-term effects that begin to reveal themselves throughout adolescence. [1] Halliday et al., in prep

83. General discussion • While present in younger children with HL, the MMN is absent in older children with HL • Behavioural tasks: no difference between younger and older children with HL [1] • Even a mild or moderate HL affects the integrity of the auditory pathway, with long-term effects that begin to reveal themselves throughout adolescence. • Suggests changes in the way (or where) sounds are processed in the brains of children with MMHL as they grow older [1] Halliday et al., in prep

84. General discussion • Could this be because other sensory information (e.g., vision) are becoming increasingly more important for children with MMHL?

85. Acknowledgments Outi Tuomainen Stuart Rosen Lorna Halliday WEB: ucl.ac.uk/silva/icl Ana Campos @axellecalcus @ICL_UCL

86. Acknowledgments Outi Tuomainen Stuart Rosen Lorna Halliday WEB: ucl.ac.uk/silva/icl Ana Campos @axellecalcus @ICL_UCL

87. Acknowledgments Outi Tuomainen Stuart Rosen Lorna Halliday WEB: ucl.ac.uk/silva/icl Thank you ! Ana Campos @axellecalcus @ICL_UCL

Outreach Sept 2018: Axelle Calcus

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Outreach Sept 2018: Axelle Calcus

Similar to Outreach Sept 2018: Axelle Calcus (20)

More from Lorna Halliday

More from Lorna Halliday (6)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Outreach Sept 2018: Axelle Calcus