An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. It consists of various components like food chains, trophic levels, and food webs. Food chains show the transfer of energy and matter between organisms through predation. Each step in the food chain is called a trophic level. A food web depicts all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. Solar energy is the ultimate source of energy, which is captured by plants through photosynthesis and transferred between trophic levels, with typically 10% of energy being transferred between each level. Certain chemicals can accumulate up the food chain through biomagnification.

2. Ecosystem
A community of living organisms in conjunction with
the nonliving components of their environment,
interacting as a system.

3. Components of Ecosystem

4. Food Chain
A food chain is a series of
organisms that eat one
another (so that energy and
nutrients flow from one to the
next)

5. Trophic Levels
Each step or level of the food chain forms a
trophic level.

9. Food Web
A graph that shows all the trophic
(eating-related) interactions between
various species in an ecosystem

10. Energy Flow in Ecosystem
❖ The ultimate source of
energy for all living
organisms is solar energy.
❖ Solar energy is taken up by
plants for photosynthesis,
and transferred to
subsequent trophic levels.
❖ Unidirectional

11. The Ten percent law of transfer
of energy from one trophic level
to the next (Raymond Lindeman,
1942):
During the transfer of energy
from organic food from one
trophic level to the next, only
about ten percent of the energy
from organic matter is stored as
flesh. The rest is lost as heat.

12. Biomagnification
A cumulative increase in the
concentrations of a persistent
substance (e.g. pesticides, metals, etc.)
as it moves up the food chain

14. ARCC

17. A B
Energy flow in ecosystem is
multidirectional.
Apex predators have the
highest energy in an ecosystem
D
C All of these
There is a 10% energy gain with
every trophic level.
Q. Which of these is/are false?

18. A B
Energy flow in ecosystem is
multidirectional.
Apex predators have the
highest energy in an ecosystem
D
C All of these
There is a 10% energy gain with
every trophic level.
Q. Which of these is/are false?

19. A B
Sun Trees
D
C All of these
Man
Q. Which of these is/are (an) abiotic component(s) of an ecosystem?

22. A B
Sun Trees
D
C All of these
Man
Q. Which of these is/are (an) abiotic component(s) of an ecosystem?

23. A B
Grass, rice, apple Cow, goat, elephant
D
C Tiger, Fox, Cat
Grass, cow, human
Q. Which of these constitutes a food chain?

24. A B
Grass, rice, apple Cow, goat, elephant
D
C Tiger, Fox, Cat
Grass, cow, human
Q. Which of these constitutes a food chain?

25. UMANG 10 - BIOLOGY COMPLETE PLAYLIST

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