The document provides advice on clearing derelict allotment plots. It recommends developing a clear plan and timeline for plot clearing activities. The main goal is to get land back into cultivation as soon as possible after clearing by publicizing available plots. Various plot clearing methods are described such as using mulches, green manures, rotovation, strimming and herbicides. Advice is given on tackling specific persistent perennial weeds like brambles, couch grass, ground elder and horsetail. Additional resources for plot clearing assistance may be available from organizations like the BTCV.
California Friendly Garden: Mulch Your Plant BedsKama158x
Mulching plant beds helps retain soil moisture, control weeds, and enrich the soil as mulch decomposes. The document provides instructions for calculating mulch needs based on garden area, recommends several mulch types such as wood chips or inorganic options, and outlines steps for applying a 3-inch deep mulch layer which includes preparing the soil, weeding, and adjusting irrigation schedules. Regularly replenishing mulch is advised to maintain garden appearance and soil health.
This document provides instructions for setting up and maintaining a straw bale garden. It discusses choosing a site with full sun exposure and at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. The rows of straw bales should be spaced at least 24 inches apart and oriented in a north-south direction. It is important to place the cut side of the bale facing upward to allow for easier water and fertilizer penetration. Proper site selection and bale orientation are essential for growing a successful straw bale garden.
This presentation is about Remediating Open Dumps and Recycling of spaces.
Website: www.almitrapatel.com
YouTube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4i4LO4B8EBGhAjWSefv2GQ
This guide provides landscaping recommendations for homeowners in the arid Inland Empire region of California. It recommends using plants that require moderate to low amounts of water. The guide discusses determining your soil type, planning your landscape design, choosing appropriate plants, and setting up an efficient irrigation system. It provides a sample irrigation schedule and lists many drought-tolerant plant options labeled with their water needs. The overall goal is to help homeowners create a water-wise landscape that saves water and money while remaining attractive.
Water Efficiency: An at Home Guide - Water for Tomorrow, Ontario, CanadaFrida85y
The document provides guidance on designing a water efficient landscape. It discusses factors to consider when planning such as how the space will be used, soil type, sunlight conditions, and maintenance preferences. Various groundcover, plant, and container gardening options are outlined that require minimal watering once established. Tips for caring for lawns and gardens with limited water use, such as watering in the morning or evening and installing rain barrels, are also presented.
This report provides information on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It consists of 10 sections covering the history, components, usage, test results, and evaluation of the waterboxx. The report concludes that while the waterboxx could be useful for the cooperative's members, more testing data is still needed before adopting its use. The cooperative is recommended to discuss conducting their own tests with technical support.
Gardening can be physically demanding but there are strategies to make it easier. Consider adapting the garden with raised beds, pull-down hanging pots, and wide clear paths. Choose low-maintenance plants that require less watering and weeding. Use ergonomic techniques like avoiding reaching up high and keeping the back straight when lifting. Appropriate tools like long-handled tools and lightweight wheelbarrows can reduce effort. Take breaks and seek assistance if needed.
This document discusses landscape maintenance for water-efficient landscapes. It emphasizes that water-efficient landscapes still require maintenance, including proper irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pruning, and irrigation system upkeep. Key recommendations include using hydrozoning and drip irrigation, adjusting irrigation based on plant and soil needs, controlling weeds before they seed, using mulch, and basing fertilizer on soil tests. The overall goal of maintenance is to keep the landscape healthy while minimizing water use.
California Friendly Garden: Mulch Your Plant BedsKama158x
Mulching plant beds helps retain soil moisture, control weeds, and enrich the soil as mulch decomposes. The document provides instructions for calculating mulch needs based on garden area, recommends several mulch types such as wood chips or inorganic options, and outlines steps for applying a 3-inch deep mulch layer which includes preparing the soil, weeding, and adjusting irrigation schedules. Regularly replenishing mulch is advised to maintain garden appearance and soil health.
This document provides instructions for setting up and maintaining a straw bale garden. It discusses choosing a site with full sun exposure and at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day. The rows of straw bales should be spaced at least 24 inches apart and oriented in a north-south direction. It is important to place the cut side of the bale facing upward to allow for easier water and fertilizer penetration. Proper site selection and bale orientation are essential for growing a successful straw bale garden.
This presentation is about Remediating Open Dumps and Recycling of spaces.
Website: www.almitrapatel.com
YouTube Channel - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4i4LO4B8EBGhAjWSefv2GQ
This guide provides landscaping recommendations for homeowners in the arid Inland Empire region of California. It recommends using plants that require moderate to low amounts of water. The guide discusses determining your soil type, planning your landscape design, choosing appropriate plants, and setting up an efficient irrigation system. It provides a sample irrigation schedule and lists many drought-tolerant plant options labeled with their water needs. The overall goal is to help homeowners create a water-wise landscape that saves water and money while remaining attractive.
Water Efficiency: An at Home Guide - Water for Tomorrow, Ontario, CanadaFrida85y
The document provides guidance on designing a water efficient landscape. It discusses factors to consider when planning such as how the space will be used, soil type, sunlight conditions, and maintenance preferences. Various groundcover, plant, and container gardening options are outlined that require minimal watering once established. Tips for caring for lawns and gardens with limited water use, such as watering in the morning or evening and installing rain barrels, are also presented.
This report provides information on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It consists of 10 sections covering the history, components, usage, test results, and evaluation of the waterboxx. The report concludes that while the waterboxx could be useful for the cooperative's members, more testing data is still needed before adopting its use. The cooperative is recommended to discuss conducting their own tests with technical support.
Gardening can be physically demanding but there are strategies to make it easier. Consider adapting the garden with raised beds, pull-down hanging pots, and wide clear paths. Choose low-maintenance plants that require less watering and weeding. Use ergonomic techniques like avoiding reaching up high and keeping the back straight when lifting. Appropriate tools like long-handled tools and lightweight wheelbarrows can reduce effort. Take breaks and seek assistance if needed.
This document discusses landscape maintenance for water-efficient landscapes. It emphasizes that water-efficient landscapes still require maintenance, including proper irrigation, weed control, fertilization, pruning, and irrigation system upkeep. Key recommendations include using hydrozoning and drip irrigation, adjusting irrigation based on plant and soil needs, controlling weeds before they seed, using mulch, and basing fertilizer on soil tests. The overall goal of maintenance is to keep the landscape healthy while minimizing water use.
Season Extension Options - Making the Right Choice for Your Farm, Gardening Guidebook for Maine ~ Maine Rural Partners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Growing on Clay Soils; by Vegan Organic Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The document provides information about rain gardens for homeowners in Rock Island, Illinois. It defines a rain garden as a shallow depression planted with native perennials, located near a downspout or area that collects rainwater. Rain gardens reduce flooding, absorb pollutants, and sustain wildlife. The document provides tips on where to locate a rain garden, how to prepare the site, and the types of plants that can be used. It also details reimbursement programs available from the city for homeowners who install rain gardens.
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
The document provides an overview of strip till systems, including definitions, advantages over no-till and mulch till, operational goals, and standard equipment configurations. Key points include: Strip till disturbs 30% or less of the row width, providing erosion control and moisture conservation benefits over mulch till. Producers aim to complete tasks in fewer passes to save time and fuel while maintaining or reducing input costs. Standard strip till equipment includes coulters, residue managers, shanks, knives, disc hillers, and optional baskets.
Conserving Water in the Garden: Designing and Installing a New Landscape - Or...Kardatou54a
To conserve water in a new landscape:
1. Start with a plan that groups plants by water needs and uses permeable surfaces.
2. Improve the soil by adding compost or other organic matter to increase water retention.
3. Select drought-tolerant native or Mediterranean plants and water-efficient turf.
4. Use drip irrigation, water deeply and infrequently, and repair any issues with sprinkler systems to avoid overwatering.
Adaptive Gardening: Practical Suggestions to Make Gardening Accessible and In...GeoAnitia
This document provides suggestions for adaptive gardening techniques to accommodate various physical limitations. It discusses adjustments that can be made to gardening methods, tool selection, garden design and plant selection to reduce maintenance requirements and make gardening easier for those with less time, strength, mobility or dexterity. Examples include raised beds, no-dig systems, adapted tools, container gardening, choice of low-maintenance perennial plants, and design adaptations like color contrast and handrails to aid gardeners with sight loss. The goal is to tailor the garden to the individual to ensure it is accessible for all.
A presentation delivered by Nigel Fleming (SARDI) to the Soil Science Australia Workshop on salinity, sodicity and soil management under irrigated horticulture on the 19 Sept 2019 at Robinvale, Victoria.
Tree plantation machine by Using Hydraulic System pptKamal Kishor
In agriculture & gardening, transplanting is the technique of moving a plant from a location to another. Most often this takes the form of starting a plant from seed in optimal conditions, such as in a greenhouse then replanting it in another location.
Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with moisture-loving plants that capture stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces and allow it to gradually soak into the ground. They provide environmental benefits like reducing flooding and filtering pollutants. When properly sited and sized based on the runoff area and garden depth, rain gardens can manage stormwater onsite. The document provides guidelines for installing rain gardens, including preparing the site through digging or tilling based on soil type.
WI: Madison: Planting a School Rain GardenSotirakou964
This document provides instructions for sizing a rain garden based on drainage area, soil type, slope, and other factors. Students will measure the drainage area flowing into the rain garden, determine the garden depth based on site slope, identify the soil type, select the appropriate soil factor table, and use these variables to calculate the necessary rain garden size using formulas in order to control 100% of runoff from the drainage area. Extensions include calculating sizes for larger community buildings and comparing sizes using different site characteristics.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities.
The document outlines Emily Ruggiero's final design project for an eco-friendly garden. The goals are to bring the community together, create a zero-waste environment, establish a regenerative system, produce a yield, and foster growth through mistakes. Key elements of the design include a water catchment system, greywater trenches, and using permaculture principles like producing no waste, multiple functions, and redundancy. The site has challenges like drainage issues but strengths like ample water and shade. Crops to be grown include fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins. Nutrient cycling will be improved through fertility crops. Integration and connection of elements will be achieved through intercropping and alley cropping. The site map outlines four designated
To find square footage or measure for lawn fertilizer, multiply the length by the width of the area. To find cubic yards of material, multiply the length by the width and divide by 82 at a depth of 3-4 inches. Landscape fabric comes in 4' or 6' widths by up to 250' rolls, measure the area to determine which width uses less waste. Purchase staples and cut the fabric around plants at least 6 inches from the stem after planting. Compost, bark, pea gravel and drain rock can be delivered in 1-10 cubic yard amounts but you pay more for less than 10 cubic yards and need to check for overhead wires if ordering 10 cubic yards. Plants come in 1, 2,
Xeriscape By Design - Fort Collins, ColoradoEric851q
Xeriscaping is a landscaping concept that focuses on water conservation. It involves designing landscapes using plants that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions to reduce or eliminate the need for irrigation once established. The key principles of xeriscaping include proper planning and design, soil preparation and improvement, efficient irrigation, use of mulch, and appropriate maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can create attractive, colorful landscapes that use water efficiently and are compatible with Colorado's semi-arid climate.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines proper handling, planting procedures, staking, watering, and mulching of newly planted trees. The key is to select the right tree species for the site, plant at the proper depth, maintain moisture levels, and remove stakes and guys after establishment.
The document discusses several topics related to solid waste management in Iowa:
1) A proposed "Hub and Spoke" recycling system that would create centralized processing facilities to increase recycling participation and efficiency.
2) A Derelict Building Grant Program that provides funds for communities to remove or renovate abandoned structures, improving safety and economic development.
3) Issues around food waste, which accounts for a large portion of materials in landfills despite the resources required to produce food.
4) Different waste conversion technologies that can generate energy from solid waste like incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and bioreactor landfills.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
Season Extension Options - Making the Right Choice for Your Farm, Gardening Guidebook for Maine ~ Maine Rural Partners
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Growing on Clay Soils; by Vegan Organic Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The document provides information about rain gardens for homeowners in Rock Island, Illinois. It defines a rain garden as a shallow depression planted with native perennials, located near a downspout or area that collects rainwater. Rain gardens reduce flooding, absorb pollutants, and sustain wildlife. The document provides tips on where to locate a rain garden, how to prepare the site, and the types of plants that can be used. It also details reimbursement programs available from the city for homeowners who install rain gardens.
The document provides information on transplanting trees, including its history, methods, and guidelines. It discusses how trees have been transplanted since ancient times and describes the development of modern tree transplanting techniques and machinery. The traditional manual method and machine method using a tree spade are described in detail, outlining the steps for digging, transporting, planting, and caring for a transplanted tree. Proper soil preparation, planting depth, staking, and watering are emphasized to reduce transplant stress and ensure the tree's successful establishment.
The document provides an overview of strip till systems, including definitions, advantages over no-till and mulch till, operational goals, and standard equipment configurations. Key points include: Strip till disturbs 30% or less of the row width, providing erosion control and moisture conservation benefits over mulch till. Producers aim to complete tasks in fewer passes to save time and fuel while maintaining or reducing input costs. Standard strip till equipment includes coulters, residue managers, shanks, knives, disc hillers, and optional baskets.
Conserving Water in the Garden: Designing and Installing a New Landscape - Or...Kardatou54a
To conserve water in a new landscape:
1. Start with a plan that groups plants by water needs and uses permeable surfaces.
2. Improve the soil by adding compost or other organic matter to increase water retention.
3. Select drought-tolerant native or Mediterranean plants and water-efficient turf.
4. Use drip irrigation, water deeply and infrequently, and repair any issues with sprinkler systems to avoid overwatering.
Adaptive Gardening: Practical Suggestions to Make Gardening Accessible and In...GeoAnitia
This document provides suggestions for adaptive gardening techniques to accommodate various physical limitations. It discusses adjustments that can be made to gardening methods, tool selection, garden design and plant selection to reduce maintenance requirements and make gardening easier for those with less time, strength, mobility or dexterity. Examples include raised beds, no-dig systems, adapted tools, container gardening, choice of low-maintenance perennial plants, and design adaptations like color contrast and handrails to aid gardeners with sight loss. The goal is to tailor the garden to the individual to ensure it is accessible for all.
A presentation delivered by Nigel Fleming (SARDI) to the Soil Science Australia Workshop on salinity, sodicity and soil management under irrigated horticulture on the 19 Sept 2019 at Robinvale, Victoria.
Tree plantation machine by Using Hydraulic System pptKamal Kishor
In agriculture & gardening, transplanting is the technique of moving a plant from a location to another. Most often this takes the form of starting a plant from seed in optimal conditions, such as in a greenhouse then replanting it in another location.
Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with moisture-loving plants that capture stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces and allow it to gradually soak into the ground. They provide environmental benefits like reducing flooding and filtering pollutants. When properly sited and sized based on the runoff area and garden depth, rain gardens can manage stormwater onsite. The document provides guidelines for installing rain gardens, including preparing the site through digging or tilling based on soil type.
WI: Madison: Planting a School Rain GardenSotirakou964
This document provides instructions for sizing a rain garden based on drainage area, soil type, slope, and other factors. Students will measure the drainage area flowing into the rain garden, determine the garden depth based on site slope, identify the soil type, select the appropriate soil factor table, and use these variables to calculate the necessary rain garden size using formulas in order to control 100% of runoff from the drainage area. Extensions include calculating sizes for larger community buildings and comparing sizes using different site characteristics.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities.
The document outlines Emily Ruggiero's final design project for an eco-friendly garden. The goals are to bring the community together, create a zero-waste environment, establish a regenerative system, produce a yield, and foster growth through mistakes. Key elements of the design include a water catchment system, greywater trenches, and using permaculture principles like producing no waste, multiple functions, and redundancy. The site has challenges like drainage issues but strengths like ample water and shade. Crops to be grown include fruits, vegetables, grains, and proteins. Nutrient cycling will be improved through fertility crops. Integration and connection of elements will be achieved through intercropping and alley cropping. The site map outlines four designated
To find square footage or measure for lawn fertilizer, multiply the length by the width of the area. To find cubic yards of material, multiply the length by the width and divide by 82 at a depth of 3-4 inches. Landscape fabric comes in 4' or 6' widths by up to 250' rolls, measure the area to determine which width uses less waste. Purchase staples and cut the fabric around plants at least 6 inches from the stem after planting. Compost, bark, pea gravel and drain rock can be delivered in 1-10 cubic yard amounts but you pay more for less than 10 cubic yards and need to check for overhead wires if ordering 10 cubic yards. Plants come in 1, 2,
Xeriscape By Design - Fort Collins, ColoradoEric851q
Xeriscaping is a landscaping concept that focuses on water conservation. It involves designing landscapes using plants that are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions to reduce or eliminate the need for irrigation once established. The key principles of xeriscaping include proper planning and design, soil preparation and improvement, efficient irrigation, use of mulch, and appropriate maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can create attractive, colorful landscapes that use water efficiently and are compatible with Colorado's semi-arid climate.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines proper handling, planting procedures, staking, watering, and mulching of newly planted trees. The key is to select the right tree species for the site, plant at the proper depth, maintain moisture levels, and remove stakes and guys after establishment.
The document discusses several topics related to solid waste management in Iowa:
1) A proposed "Hub and Spoke" recycling system that would create centralized processing facilities to increase recycling participation and efficiency.
2) A Derelict Building Grant Program that provides funds for communities to remove or renovate abandoned structures, improving safety and economic development.
3) Issues around food waste, which accounts for a large portion of materials in landfills despite the resources required to produce food.
4) Different waste conversion technologies that can generate energy from solid waste like incineration, gasification, anaerobic digestion, and bioreactor landfills.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
This is really a good topic for seminar.
in this some information may be old for you by the time you receive this topic but then too i have tried to put recent informations bout this topic.since monorail technology is developing so fast .this may be called as one of the burning topics in civil engineering
- Coconut oil may help slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease in some people by providing an alternative fuel for brain cells in the form of ketones. Dr. Mary Newport put her husband Steve, who had Alzheimer's, on a diet supplemented with coconut oil, which led to improvements in his symptoms and cognitive abilities.
- Researchers have developed a ketone ester that is more potent than coconut oil, but it is very expensive to produce. Coconut oil remains a viable alternative source of ketones. Taking coconut oil may also help with other neurological diseases due to its ability to increase ketone levels and good cholesterol while reducing bad bacteria.
The document provides an overview of SQL Server including:
- The architecture including system databases like master, model, msdb, and tempdb.
- Recovery models like full, bulk-logged, and simple.
- Backup and restore options including full, differential, transaction log, and file group backups.
- T-SQL system stored procedures for administration tasks.
- SQL commands and functions.
- SQL Agent jobs which are scheduled tasks consisting of steps to perform automated tasks.
Ruth Jones, a Christian teacher without a master's degree or administrative experience, was unexpectedly named principal of a struggling inner city elementary school in Grand Rapids, Michigan that was on the verge of closure due to poor academic performance. Through prayer, addressing students' practical needs, and recruiting volunteers, Jones led a dramatic turnaround of the school over 20 years. Test scores and graduation rates increased sharply, and the school now has a waiting list despite originally facing closure. Jones attributes the school's success to aligning herself with God.
Mulching means it is a process of covering the soil and make more favorable conditions for plant growth, development.
Mulching is forming the protective layer around the plant. The practice of applying mulch is a very old and effective technique.
It is beneficial for plant health, while it is creating a microclimate around the plant root zone.
Weeds will invade bare or thinly planted areas of landscapes. To prevent weeds, proper site preparation is important, including removing existing weeds and amending soil if needed. Establishing plantings quickly and applying mulch are also key to preventing weed growth. When weeds do appear, regular hand removal is most effective, especially of new or small weeds before they can spread. Herbicides should rarely be needed in established landscapes and should be used carefully.
Commercial and residential trash removal, bulk hauling construction services. Clearing these mounds of years-old waste,
called legacy waste, DCC initiative west Recycle is the largest waste management solution in India.
This document provides practical tips for organic gardening in 3 sections: How to get started, How to keep going, and Recommended resources. It emphasizes the importance of soil microbes and feeding the soil with organic matter like compost and mulch. Tips include stopping pesticide use, mulching beds, sheet mulching to create new beds, and organic lawn care practices like leaving clippings and using compost. Recommended books and the Society for Organic Urban Land Care are provided for further resources.
This document provides an overview of alternative pest and disease controls that can be used in the garden. It describes various physical, biological, and least-toxic chemical controls. The guide includes details on how to use tools like floating row covers, copper slug barriers, sticky traps, and beneficial nematodes to prevent pest problems without highly toxic pesticides. It emphasizes starting with physical controls, then biological, using chemicals only as a last resort, and always following directions carefully.
Use of Plastic Mulch & Row Covers in Vegetable Production; Gardening Guidebook for Oklahoma ~ Oklahoma State University ~ For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
The document provides guidelines for using the Kottman Hall Greenhouse facility at Ohio State University. It outlines the goals of promoting safety, sanitation, and sharing best practices. It details policies around facility use, housekeeping, waste disposal, and safety. Users are responsible for following the best management practices, and the greenhouse coordinator, Justin Morse, can assist with any issues or emergencies that arise.
The document discusses conservation tillage techniques such as ridge tillage and no-till farming. Ridge tillage uses specialized equipment to maintain permanent ridges for row crops, leaving crop residue until planting. No-till systems plant directly into previous years' crop residue without tilling, using herbicides for weed control. The document provides details on various conservation tillage methods and lists additional resources for information.
Delaware Rain Gardens Manual
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
This document provides guidance on properly maintaining a landfill site to prevent issues like odors, flooding, and pollution. It recommends burying waste in trenches no more than 1 meter deep and covering each day's waste with at least 150mm of soil. When trenches are full, they should be compacted and covered until the entire site is full, then covered with 600mm of clayey soil or alternative material before decommissioning and rehabilitating the landfill site. Setting aside areas for recyclables and green waste is also advised.
Research has shown that most people aren't aware that planting beds should be irrigated differently than lawn-- thus they water planting beds with overhead spray and with the same frequency as the lawn. As a result, they're providing exactly the conditions weeds need to flourish. All plants, both weeds and desirable plants need five things to grow:
1. Soil
2. Air
3. Nutrients
4. Sunlight
5. Water
You can't do anything about the first three conditions for weeds but if you use our Weed Control Recipe and follow ALL of the steps, you can take substantial control over sunlight and water-- thus reducing weeds in your landscape by 80% or more.
This document provides guidance on planting trees to expand or renew backyard woods. It discusses selecting native tree species adapted to the local climate and site conditions, preparing the site by controlling existing vegetation, properly spacing trees for growth, and handling and planting bare root tree stock. The goal is to select trees that will meet objectives like attracting wildlife, enhancing aesthetics, or protecting water quality, and will grow well in the soil, sunlight, and moisture conditions of the planting area. Care must be taken in storing, transporting, and planting bare root tree stock to avoid damaging the roots.
Farm tools and equipment are used for various tasks on the farm such as land preparation, cultivation, harvesting and applying inputs. Common hand tools include hoes, shovels, sickles and pruners which are used for smaller garden plots. Larger machinery is needed for tasks like plowing, planting, spraying and transporting materials. Proper use and maintenance of tools and equipment helps ensure safety in farm operations.
The document describes three methods for removing a lawn without using herbicides: the sod cutter method, the multiple-till and irrigation method, and sheet-composting. The sod cutter method involves slicing off the sod layer and can be done with a spade or rented sod cutter. The multiple-till method covers the sod with amendments and rototills it repeatedly to deplete weed seeds. Sheet-composting builds layers of organic materials over the lawn to smother and decompose it. Each method has advantages like speed or ease but requires proper execution to be effective at removing the lawn.
This document provides guidance on establishing and operating a dedicated biomass plantation for energy production. It discusses various considerations for each step of the process, from crop and site selection to soil preparation, planting, crop care, harvest, and storage. Key steps include properly removing trees and leveling land during soil preparation, selecting appropriate seedstock, and careful planting and crop care to ensure optimal growth and productivity over the life of the project. Proper planning and attention to details at each phase are emphasized to achieve successful establishment and operation of the biomass plantation.
Vegan - Organic Growing: The Basics; by Vegan Organic Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
This document provides guidance for vegan-organic growing methods that do not use animal products or exploit animals. It discusses preparing the soil naturally through mulching, green manures, and composting organic materials. It also addresses obtaining organic matter sources, making liquid feeds, managing pests and diseases through crop rotations and habitat protection, and choosing perennial food crops. The overall message is that vegan-organic growing preserves soil and environmental resources for future generations through sustainable, ecologically-benign practices.
The document discusses different conservation tillage systems such as ridge tillage and no-till. Ridge tillage uses specialized planters and cultivators to maintain permanent ridges for row crops, while no-till does not use tillage and simply plants crops into previous crop residues. No-till provides soil erosion control and requires fewer field passes but may have issues with weeds, pests, and slower soil warming. The document also provides references for further information on conservation tillage techniques and systems.
The document discusses different conservation tillage systems such as ridge tillage and no-till. Ridge tillage uses specialized planters and cultivators to maintain permanent ridges for row crops, while no-till does not use tillage and simply plants crops into previous crop residues. No-till provides soil erosion control and requires fewer field passes but may have issues with weeds, pests, and slower soil warming. The document also describes an innovative no-till system developed by Steve Groff that uses cover crops and a roller to prepare fields with little herbicide.
This document provides information about sustainable gardening practices for residents of Frankston City, including garden design, soil care, composting, water conservation, plant selection, and more. It includes checklists for readers to self-assess their sustainable gardening practices. The document was produced by Frankston City Council to educate and encourage more environmentally-friendly gardening. It suggests replacing non-native plants with local species that require less water and chemicals, improving soil health through composting and mulching, capturing rainwater and greywater for irrigation, and designing water-wise gardens. The overall goal is to help local residents garden in a way that benefits the environment and reduces negative impacts on water and other resources.
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening techniques, urban farming, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee beans. It discusses how organic gardening technologies can increase plant yields by 400% and provides catalogs and manuals about topics such as city farming, backyard farming, rain gardens, and aquaponics systems. The links provide free information for organic and sustainable living practices.
The document discusses the Groasis Technology, a planting method that uses a Waterboxx and other techniques to plant trees in dry areas with 90% less water. It summarizes that the technology (1) improves soil, maps planting areas, harvests rainfall, and uses the right planting techniques to help trees grow deep roots in the first year to survive independently. It also describes how the technology terraces slopes to harvest and direct rainfall to trees, uses 3D imaging to map ideal planting lines, and a capillary drill to quickly plant thousands of trees per day.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities due to lack of income from farming dry areas.
The document provides planting instructions for using a Waterboxx planting device. It outlines 6 main steps:
1. Preparing the soil by digging holes and adding compost/fertilizer or just watering.
2. Assembling the Waterboxx by placing the wick, mid-plate, lid, and siphons.
3. Preparing plants by pruning roots to encourage deep growth.
4. Planting in holes aligned east-west within the Waterboxx hole.
5. Placing the assembled Waterboxx over the planted area.
6. Watering the plants and filling the Waterboxx for the first time.
This document provides instructions for growing vegetables using the Groasis Waterboxx system. It details recommendations for greenhouse design, soil preparation, planting methods, plant spacing, watering schedules, and pest and disease management. Proper installation and maintenance of the Waterboxx system is emphasized to ensure healthy plant growth and high crop yields. Close monitoring of climate conditions and plant needs is also advised.
The document is a report on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It provides an overview of the waterboxx's history and development, describes its components and how it works, reviews testing that has been done, and evaluates its suitability for organic farming. In the conclusion, the report recommends that the cooperative discussed in the document not use the waterboxx yet, as more data is still needed, but could consider conducting their own tests with support from their technical services.
The document summarizes an invention called the Groasis that helps plants survive in arid climates by collecting and storing rainfall to provide steady watering to seedlings. It notes that most rainfall in deserts occurs within one week but is then unavailable, and that the Groasis uses evaporation-proof containers and wicking to deliver water to young plants over longer periods, allowing their roots to develop and access deeper groundwater reserves. Large-scale projects have used the Groasis in countries like Kenya to aid reforestation efforts and combat desertification.
The document summarizes the work of the Sahara Roots Foundation in Morocco and their use of the Groasis Waterboxx to help plant trees and reduce desertification. The Sahara Roots Foundation was established to implement development projects to conserve the Moroccan Sahara through activities like tree planting, irrigation, education, and desert cleaning. They have started using the Groasis Waterboxx, an "intelligent water battery" developed by AquaPro, to improve the survival rate of newly planted trees. The Waterboxx produces and captures water through condensation and rain, allowing trees to be planted in dry areas like rocks and deserts with a 100% success rate.
Groasis Technology is compared to drip irrigation over a 50-year project for a 500-hectare tree plantation. Key financial indicators show that using Groasis Waterboxes results in a higher net present value (NPV) of €26.62 million compared to €21.15 million for drip irrigation, and a slightly higher internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.1% versus 23.4% for drip irrigation. Waterboxx also has a longer payback period of 7 years compared to 5 years for drip irrigation. The document provides assumptions and calculations for costs and revenues for both systems over the 50-year period.
A new technology called the Groasis Waterboxx shows promise for reclaiming desert landscapes and increasing plant survival rates. The simple device regulates temperature and moisture levels around young plants, allowing trees and crops to grow with little watering even in dry conditions. Initial trials in Africa found tree survival rates increased to 88% with the Waterboxx compared to only 10% without it. Researchers in Kenya are optimistic this technology could significantly reduce desertification and help transform the country's deserts into productive, economic areas through increased vegetation.
The document summarizes an experiment using Groasis Waterboxx devices to establish tree seedlings at nine bus stops in North Central Austin. It provides updates on the condition of the trees over time, noting that as of late August all trees remained alive with varying health. Challenges included heat waves, lack of rain, and competition between trees and grass. The Waterboxx devices appeared to successfully provide water through condensation.
A prototype device called the Groasis Waterboxx aims to help farmers grow crops in arid areas by collecting and directing water to plant roots. The box is modeled after how bird droppings protect seeds, providing humidity and shelter. It surrounds young plants, collects water through condensation and from rain, and deposits small amounts to roots daily. Tests in the Sahara found 90% of trees planted with the box survived when removed, compared to only 10% without the box. The inventor now plans to test the Groasis in other dry regions to help farmers deal with unpredictable weather.
Este artículo describe un plan piloto lanzado en Pujilí, Ecuador para preservar la naturaleza utilizando una nueva técnica llamada "Incubadora de agua". El científico holandés Pieter Hoff y empresarios locales trabajan con la municipalidad de Pujilí y una escuela para enseñar esta técnica, que usa macetas especiales para ayudar a las plantas a crecer en zonas áridas sin riego. El plan piloto comenzó con demostraciones y siembra de plantas en la escuela Manuel E
A Dutch inventor has developed a planting technology called Groasis that allows trees to be grown in deserts without irrigation. The technology, called a waterboxx, mimics nature by assisting young trees through the planting period until their roots can reach underground water sources on their own. A presentation was given in Oman about a successful experiment using this system in Sohar Free Zone, with the potential benefits being reduced water usage, reforestation, increased food production, and lower carbon emissions. The system appears affordable and could help address problems of water scarcity and depletion of groundwater.
This document provides a summary of a report on development and climate change in Tanzania, with a focus on Mount Kilimanjaro. It analyzes climate trends and scenarios for Tanzania, identifies key climate-vulnerable sectors, and assesses attention to climate issues in development plans and projects. Specifically for Mount Kilimanjaro, the document finds that while glacial retreat poses limited impacts, enhanced fire risk from rising temperatures is a serious threat, as it could replace critical cloud forests with shrubland and compromise the ecosystem's water supply. Immediate policy responses are needed to address fire prevention and management, in order to safeguard Mount Kilimanjaro's resources for the long term.
More from School Vegetable Gardening - Victory Gardens (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
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Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
1. Restore the Plot
page 1 of 8
The
Allotments
Regeneration Initiative
Fact Sheet
Restore the Plot
Advice for plotholders and allotment managers on tackling
derelict plots
Wolverton Road Allotments
It does not take long for a vacant plot to
be invaded by 6 foot brambles or rampant
bindweed. Not only does this give sites a
derelict air but it also discourages
prospective plotholders. This factsheet
introduces the different methods that can
be used by local authorities and
associations to clear plots for new users.
Most of the information will also be useful
for new plotholders.
Getting organised
Before you start the practical work, it is
helpful to develop a plan that sets out
when, where and how your plot clearing
activities will happen. Consider the
resources available to you for clearing
plots (including people to do the work), the
time it will take and the possible costs you
may incur. Make your goals realistic and
celebrate your achievements.
The main intention of plot clearing is to get
land back into use and you should aim for
this to happen as soon as possible after
the plot has been cleared. Publicising plots
to prospective plotholders as you clear
them will ensure that they are cultivated
as quickly as possible. Aim to keep a few
cleared plots ‘in reserve’ at all times for
unexpected enquiries. See ARI factsheet
Promote the Plot for ideas on promotion.
Plots do not need to be cleared right down
to bare earth but should be free of
hazards, with persistent weeds
suppressed and in a state ready to start
cultivating. Some associations offer a
discount to plotholders taking on and
clearing plots themselves – but try to
www.farmgarden.org.uk/ari
Wildflowers growing on an unused area of
a plot can help to ensure it is not an
eyesore and are good for attracting
beneficial wildlife – but be sure to cut
down stems before they seed onto
adjacent plots
ensure they are not trying to tackle
something that is unachievable and likely
to put them off allotments for life.
You may be able to secure the services of
other organisations to assist in plot
clearance, e.g. BTCV volunteers, your local
probation service, or companies with
employee volunteering schemes. Ask your
local council and Council for Voluntary
Services (CVS) if they know of any
organisations that could help.
Tackling tenanted overgrown plots
A robust management system can help
prevent overgrown tenanted plots. It is
essential to have regular inspections either
by the council allotment officer, or
association committee for devolved
management sites. A set procedure
should be adopted for dealing with tenants
who do not cultivate their plots. See ARI
2. Restore the Plot
page 2 of 8
factsheet Safe Sites for a recommended
procedure. ARI can also provide sample
management documents.
Getting started
Reclaiming plots is one of the hardest
challenges in allotment regeneration.
Working in stages, starting with plots near
the gate or in visible spots can help to
improve the overall image of the site.
Clearing the plots in blocks will engender a
feeling of solidarity amongst new
plotholders who take them on. Make sure
that you leave access to plots further back,
in case you need to get machinery in to
clear them in the future. It is important to
consider the impact that ongoing work will
have on other plotholders and local
neighbours. Keep them up to date about
what is going to happen and when.
If you have a choice, tackle plots with the
best assets first, e.g. good soil drainage
and daylight, and less attractive plots last.
If there are plots on your site that are
nearly always untenanted, try to work out
why. Do they flood? Are they in a frost
pocket, near traffic noise, furthest from the
taps, or infested with horsetail?
Uncultivatable plots could be turned into a
resource that will benefit plotholders, e.g.
a barbecue area, compost bays, raised bed
area, children’s play area, wildlife garden,
site meeting room or car park. You will
need to check that you have the right to
change land use. See ARI factsheet
Project Allotment.
Plot clearance methods
There are a range of different methods
used for clearing plots of stubborn weeds,
all of which have their own specific
benefits and drawbacks. Consider which
methods best suit your circumstances and
resources of time, money and people. You
will also need to take into account health
and safety and environmental
considerations. See ARI Health and Safety
pack.
The following methods are tried and
tested on allotment sites:
• mulches
• green manures
• rotovation
• strimming
• flaming
• herbicides.
Each is described in more detail below.
Mulches
Mulches work by excluding light from
weeds and, therefore, preventing them
from growing. A variety of mulch materials
can be used to smother weed growth,
with the advantage that plots can remain
covered and kept weed-free until they are
let. Mulches will need to be left down for
1-2 years to eradicate persistent weeds.
Advise any tenant taking on the plot
before then to roll back the mulch
gradually, cultivating the plot section by
section. Once the mulch is no longer
needed it can be moved to another plot or
stored for future use.
Plastic mulches - There are two types of
plastic mulch: weed suppressant
membrane and standard polythene.
Take steps to ensure anyone using
machinery is trained and wearing safety gear
Weed suppressant membrane is a porous
material, blocking out light but still allowing
rainwater through. It is expensive but lasts
10-15 years, costing approximately £2 per
m2 from garden centres and specialist mail
order suppliers. There have been cases of
theft of this type of mulch from sites, so
you may need to consider how you will
prevent this happening if you decide to
use it.
3. Restore the Plot
page 3 of 8
Standard polythene is a non-permeable
material, which can result in a very dry,
poor soil condition as it does not let water
through to the soil below. It comes in
various thicknesses and qualities. The
cheapest is silage polythene which lasts
for 2 years if treated with care. It is sold in
bulk at approximately 60p per 3m2 if
bought wholesale from agricultural
suppliers. Recycled and biodegradable
varieties are available.
For best results lay plastic mulches in
spring, after first rapid weed growth and
before weeds have set, strimming tall
vegetation first. Make sure mulch is
applied beyond the weedy area, to prevent
weed growth persisting at the edges. Pay
particular attention to digging (trenching) in
the edges to prevent the membrane being
lifted by weed growth (bindweed will
persist even without light) or wind gusts.
Trench in the edges to a spade depth.
Pegs are available from weed suppressant
membrane suppliers. Bricks and tyres can
also be used, but may create a disposal
problem.
Polythene should be applied after good
rainfall, otherwise the soil will degrade
whilst covered.
Wood chippings - Most suited for use on
paths (see page 7 for more on paths). If
laying directly onto soil, add a nitrogen-rich
compost to the soil first as the chips take
a long time to break down and may rob
the soil of nitrogen. Often available free
Making the most of mulch
• Divide the plot into sections: do not
aim to clear the entire plot in the first
year. Mulch as much of the plot as
possible, rolling back the mulch when
you are ready to cultivate the next
section.
• Remove as many rhizomes (storage
roots of perennial weeds) as possible
when digging after the mulch has been
lifted, as they may still have life in them.
This is especially true of couch grass and
bindweed.
• It is possible for new tenants to grow
some crops (e.g. courgettes or
Many hands make light work
from tree surgeons and councils. Do not
use for children’s play areas as there is a
risk of fungal spore allergies. Treated wood
chip is available specifically for this use.
Cardboard - Suitable for tenants wishing
to use mulching methods on parts of the
plot they are not yet cultivating. Opt for
bicycle or hi-fi boxes, overlap the edges
generously and weigh down well. It can
look messy and may blow around, even if
weighed down.
Carpet - The use of carpet on its own as a
mulch for suppressing weeds is no longer
recommended by Garden Organic. There
are concerns about contaminants in
carpet, especially glues leaching into soil.
If you wish to use carpet as a mulch,
ensure that you only use Axminster
carpets as these have a natural hessian,
woven backing – avoid rubber and other
synthetic backed types at all costs. It is
recommended to lay the carpet over a
layer of black plastic. As with all mulches
you should consider the future disposal of
the carpet after it has served its purpose.
Some sites no longer allow carpet.
pumpkins) on the mulched area by
planting through holes in the mulch. This
method is not advisable in the case of
heavy couch or bindweed infestations,
as the smallest chink of light will
reactivate these persistent weeds.
• Check which types of mulches are
permitted on site.
• Do not bring any mulches onto site
that you will not be able to dispose of
appropriately later.
• Garden Organic’s publications include
the factsheets ‘Chemical free plot
clearing’ and ‘Mulches: weed prevention
and control’ (see Resources).
4. Restore the Plot
page 4 of 8
Green Manures
Herbicides
Garden Organic recommend seeding
untenanted plots with a ‘green manure’
crop – a weed excluding vegetation that
can also improve soil structure and prevent
nutrients being leached from the soil. This
method is not yet widely used on
allotments but has been used successfully
on fallow farmland for years.
Note: Advice in this factsheet on the use
of herbicides is for individual plotholders
only.
Green manure is unlikely to combat very
heavy weed infestation, but can be useful
after the initial clearance of weeds from a
plot and to help suppress weeds on small
areas of uncultivated plots. Green manures
are also useful to sow in areas between
crops to compete against weeds.
Alfalfa, red clover, winter field beans and
trefoil should be sown in late summer/
autumn as they can withstand hard frost
and can be left in the ground over winter.
Mustard, crimson clover, fenugreek and
buckwheat are sown in the spring as they
grow quickly to cover empty ground and can
then be dug in before planting other crops.
Rotovation
The process of a mechanical rotovator
turning over the top layer of soil is best
combined with herbicide or mulch regimes
and is carried out before or after a period
of plastic mulching. It is not effective as a
single method for most perennial weeds,
as it chops up the rhizomes, which then
sprout back with a vengeance. The
process can also degrade soil structure on
heavy clay based soils – wait for a two
week period of dry weather.
Strimming
An extensive armoury of chemicals is
available in garden centres, these need to
be used with care and within regulations
specific to application in public and/or
private areas. Any herbicide treatment on
public areas (i.e. that are not on an
individual's own plot) must be applied by a
licensed operator or be under the
supervision of one. You can hire a licensed
operator or obtain the training yourself.
Bear in mind that many herbicides are
persistent in the soil and toxic for a
specific period of time after application.
See ARI Health and Safety pack for
information about training and regulations
relating to the use and storage of
chemicals on allotment sites. The Royal
Horticultural Society produces a factsheet,
‘The use of garden chemicals’, see
Resources.
Glyphosate (trade names include: Roundup, SBK Brushwood Killer, Tumbleweed) is
a systemic herbicide that works over a
period of a few weeks, stopping new
proteins from being made so killing the
plants growth regions. Despite its
reputation as an environmentally-friendly
herbicide, the commercial product still has
a number of harmful effects on human
health, such as skin and lung irritation.
Recent research has shown is it lethal to
frogs. Glyphosate is only effective on
relatively light weed growth. It may not
eradicate established growth of bindweed
and mature docks.
Some local authorities and associations
strim untenanted plots on a seasonal basis,
creating attractive grassed amenity areas,
reducing weed seed dispersal and making
the site look less derelict. More work is
required to bring plots maintained in this way
back into cultivation than mulching methods.
Flaming
Flame guns kill weeds by rapid
dehydration and scorching. They are not
effective on rhizomes but useful for weeds
that have set seed as they will kill the
seeds.
Horsetail is a common blight on allotment
sites
5. Restore the Plot
page 5 of 8
Spray in spring on a dry, still day, when
weeds have lots of young leaf cover, or in
autumn when the plant is passing sugars
to the roots for storage. Spray again 14
days later and then (if plot is not used
immediately) cover area with a plastic
mulch. For added efficacy, rotovate 14 days
after the first spraying (in dry conditions),
leave the soil for another 14 days, spray
again and then cover.
Additional tactics for
persistent perennial weeds
Some weeds are extremely difficult to
eradicate, and it will take hard work,
patience and commitment to clear them.
If you are happy to resort to an initial
chemical application, this may reduce the
battle with persistent weeds in the long
run. Tactics for individual species are
described below.
Blackberry (bramble)
Carefully monitored burning has been
used to clear brambles quickly in dry
weather. Ensure that there are gaps
between bramble areas to prevent fire
spreading. Refer to ARI Health and Safety
pack on burning byelaws and insurance.
For large areas use a tractor and flail or
brush cutter followed by a power harrow
or plough. A local farmer may do this work
for you at a reasonable rate. You will need
to remove the root crowns after ploughing.
Advise tenants to use a strimmer or long
handled ‘slasher’ to clear top growth, then
dig out crowns.
Couch grass
‘Slicing off’ the top three inches with a
spade or ‘hacking out’ clumps with a
mattock will control growth. Particularly
useful on heavy clay, where the soil is not
friable enough to pull out rhizomes. Add
replacement organic matter or soil level
will drop. Use a tractor and power harrow,
setting the blades so that they drop a few
inches into the soil and harrow four or five
times below the sward. Best carried out in
dry conditions. The same method can be
used for established docks.
Composting weeds
Perennial weeds should not be
composted in a standard compost
heap as the plant material will re-grow
if exposed to any light.
Docks or couch grass can be placed in
a heavy-duty plastic sack (e.g. a
fertiliser bag) to break down completely.
Tie the top and leave for 2-3 years. Dry
out horsetail or bindweed for several
days in hot sun before composting or,
as a last resort, burn it.
Soil and organic matter lost from the
plot by weed removal can cause the
plot’s soil level to drop noticeably. This
will produce a water logged and poorly
aerated soil. Remove as little soil as
possible when weeding and add
generous quantities of organic matter
to the soil to compensate.
Planting vigorous ‘pioneer’ species on
newly cultivated soil like potatoes,
squashes and broad beans, will help to
break up the soil and improve its
structure.
Ground elder
Digging out roots is effective, as the
rhizomes don’t penetrate too deeply.
Removal must be thorough. Mulching will
take several years to completely eradicate
a colony. Combine with several repeat
sprays of glyphosate.
Horsetail
Very tough to eradicate as roots can
extend down more than 20 feet. A
combination of growing vigorous crops,
hoeing the tops and adding organic matter
to the soil will eventually slow down
growth. This may be more effective if done
in a raised bed – strim the tops, cover with
a thick layer of lime followed by several
layers of cardboard and 1-2 foot layer of
organic matter for growing. To make a
glyphosate application effective the plant
needs to be damaged first, as the high
silica content of the plant means that any
spray runs off. When the plant is in full
growth bash it with a spade to break the
stems and then apply glyphosphate. The
6. plant absorbs the herbicide and will die off
to some extent. Garden Organic produce a
factsheet ‘Horsetail’, see Resources.
Bindweed
Very tough to eradicate as roots can
extend down 15 feet. Constant hoeing,
hand weeding tops and forking out as
much of the white root as possible will
eventually slow down growth. Mulching
the area with black polythene for a year
brings the rhizomes to the surface where
they can easily be dug out. This also
weakens their growth, however, it doesn't
kill them off completely. Trench a
polythene mulch into the soil to prevent
the rhizomes creeping out around the
edges. Place a large yoghurt pot (or
similar) over each stem and leave for
several months. The plant will keep filling
the pot interior, gradually expending the
energy of the vast underground root
network. Royal Horticultural Society
produce a factsheet ‘Bindweed and
bellbind control’, see Resources.
Japanese Knotweed
This is an example of a non-native species
that has become invasive in the UK (other
examples include giant hogweed, or
creeping pennywort in ponds). The
Environment Agency produce a series of
six factsheets giving advice on how to
eradicate and dispose of invasive plants,
see Resources. Japanese knotweed is so
invasive that it is illegal to dispose of it at
any land fill site, so, after the plant is
uprooted it must either be burned and
buried on site in accordance with
Environment Agency Code of Practice (see
Resources), or transported by licensed
contractors to an approved disposal facility.
The eradiction method used depends on
the season. In general, cut back the plants
and pull them up from the ground, making
sure that you get all the roots, or the plant
will keep growing. This will gradually
weaken the plant, but the act of cutting
and pulling must be performed at least
once a month, and it can take more than
10 years to completely destroy the
knotweed this way. Shading the plant out
Tackling rubbish on plots
Carry out a Risk Assessment before
tackling rubbish on plots. See ARI Health
and Safety pack.
Consider sharp objects such as glass or
syringes. Wear sturdy gloves and shoes
when removing rubbish from plots.
If using a hired skip fill it fast and evenly,
before the neighbours do. Do not allow
plotholders to fill bins with weeds –
these should be composted on site. For
tactics to prevent flytipping, see ARI
factsheet Safe Sites.
Asbestos
All grades of asbestos now constitute
controlled waste and have to be
removed by employees of licensed
companies who wear protective
clothing, use a covered skip and remove
the waste to licensed areas. This can
cost several hundred pounds for a skipfull. Most local authority waste
management departments provide a free
service to identify the type of asbestos
Removing a heap of rubbish from a plot
can be a daunting – but the end result
can be very satisfying!
and removal regulations. You may be
able to negotiate a reduced removal cost
direct from the council.
Glass
Allotments are often littered with broken
glass, hidden in undergrowth. If an area
of broken glass is found, mark out and
cover area with mulch until weeds are
dead, making it easier to find and
remove glass pieces. The mulch should
be something that can be easily
removed.
Wolverton Road Allotments
Restore the Plot
page 6 of 8
7. Restore the Plot
page 7 of 8
is a very effective way of suppressing
future growth. It can be strimmed down in
late June/early July and its stems injected
with glyphosate. It should then be covered
with polythene membrane and a mulch
applied on top. The edge of the area needs
to be trenched and the membrane dug
into the trench to prevent further growth
of the knotweed. Many repeat sprays of
glyphosate will be required. This will
eventually control it but it is extremely
difficult to eradicate altogether.
Long-term derelict sites
A planned, methodical approach is needed
to restore an entire site which has not
been cultivated for several seasons.
• Consult local neighbours before
clearance starts, they may prefer
certain trees or shrubs to remain in situ.
• Check the area for wildlife species such
as badgers, slow worms and nesting
birds, which are protected by law. Your
local council’s Ecologist can provide
advice on retaining the site’s
biodiversity during and after restoration.
• For derelict sites with scrub, the tractor
and flail method works best: flail the
scrub to the base, rake off the waste
and shred, compost, or burn it. The land
can then be power-harrowed, dropping
the harrow attachment down to 8
inches, or a mini excavator used.
• A JCB followed by tractor and plough
also works well.
• If brush cutters or chain saws are used
the operator should have the required
certificates and carry a suitable amount
of public liability insurance (e.g. in York
contractors are required to carry
£5 million public liability insurance).
ash, can be coppiced (cut regularly) to
produce ‘poles’ of wood or pea/bean
sticks.
Paths and boundaries
Plot boundaries will probably need to be
re-marked and paths should be a width
that is compliant with the Disability
Discrimination Act (1.2 metres). Using
materials such as Terram/Scotlay and
Crusher-run is the best way of making
cheap, hardwearing paths.
Terram and Scotlay are moisture
permeable membranes. They are used by
construction companies to make low cost
roads because they let rain through and
stop gravel etc sinking down into the soil.
They are extremely durable and long
lasting. Crusher-run is the material used to
cover the membrane, a mixture consisting
of gravel-sized lumps down to fine dust,
which matts down to make a firm surface.
Road finings are a similar material. Where
roads are resurfaced, the tarmac lifted off
can be reused as a material for paths.
Crusher-run should be laid to a minimum
depth of 150mm. An ideal is 250mm. For a
path 2.5 metres wide with Crusher-run laid
to a depth of 250mm an average price
would be £12 per linear metre, including
the Terram.
Terram and Crusher-run can sometimes be
obtained free from the council's highways
department, in which case the only cost is
delivery and having it spread.
Wood chip is an attractive path material. It
is best to have a water permeable
membrane under the wood chip. Do not
use heavy duty polythene unless the wood
chip layer is very thick, or the path will
• In Dartford a dozen plots were cleared
by a local farmer with a rotary drum
behind a tractor, which cost £50.
• Stump killer will be required to prevent
re-growth of trees and shrubs (or a
stump-grinder could be used).
• Scrub and small trees can be cleared
using bow saws and loppers if you have
enough volunteers. Small trees,
especially hazel, birch, sycamore and
Woodchip paths can make it easier for
everyone to get around the allotment
8. become slippery. Wood chip will eventually
rot down and will need to be removed and
replaced every 3-5 years.
Allotments
Regeneration
Initiative
Tel. 08708 506 506
enquiries@environment-agency.gov.uk
www.environment-agency.gov.uk
This fact
sheet
is also
available
in
large
print,
braille
or on
audio
tape
from the
ARI
office.
National Proficiency Test Centre
Resources
Allotments Regeneration Initiative
Factsheets, newsletter and advice.
Tel. 0117 963 1551
ari@farmgarden.org.uk
www.farmgarden.org.uk/ari
Federation of City Farms and
Community Gardens (FCFCG)
Tel. 0117 923 1800
admin@farmgarden.org.uk
www.farmgarden.org.uk
National Allotment Gardens Trust
(NAGT)
Tel. 01752 363 379
www.nagtrust.org
National Society of Allotment and
Leisure Gardeners (NSALG)
Tel. 01536 266 576
natsoc@nsalg.org.uk
www.nsalg.org.uk
Council for Voluntary Services (CVS)
Tel. 0114 278 6636
nacvs@nacvs.org.uk
www.nacvs.org.uk
BTCV
Tel. 01491 821 600
information@btcv.org.uk
www.btcv.org
Garden Organic
Tel. 0247 630 3517
enquiry@hdra.org.uk
www.gardenorganic.org.uk
Accredited training in herbicide application.
Tel. 0247 685 7300
information@nptc.org.uk
www.nptc.org.uk
National Vocational Qualifications
Contact your local further education
college or visit: www.dfes.gov.uk/nvq
For licensed herbicide operators and
heavy-duty clearance work:
Ask for your council’s advice and see
‘Agricultural Consultants and Groundwork
Contractors’ in the Yellow Pages. It is also
worth contacting local farmers.
Growing food – how safe is your land?
How to assess and deal with potential
land contamination
Send second class SAE to ARI office for a
copy.
Useful books for plotholders
‘Successful Allotments’
Green Essentials Organic Guides
Publisher: Impact Publishing
ISBN: 1-904-60121-9
‘The Allotment Handbook’
Caroline Foley
Publisher: New Holland Publishers (UK)
ISBN: 1-84330-583-6
‘Allotment gardening – an organic guide for
beginners’
Susan Berger
Publisher: Green Books
ISBN 1-903998-54-9
Printed on re-cycled paper
To keep up to
date with
developments,
including future
events, visit the
ARI website:
www.
farmgarden.
org.uk/ari
Job done…all that work was worthwhile!
Tel. 020 7065 0905
admin@pan-uk.org
www.pan-uk.org
MJT Design 0117 977 5746
ARI Website
Pesticide Action Network
Produced by FCFCG on behalf of ARI
Email
ari@farmgarden.
org.uk
Tel. 020 7834 4333
info@rhs.org.uk
www.rhs.org.uk
Environment Agency
The
GreenHouse
Hereford Street
Bristol BS3 4NA
Tel
0117 963 1551
Fax
0117 923 1900
Royal Horticultural Society
August 2006
Restore the Plot
page 8 of 8