This document discusses trends in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. It first focuses on identifying risk factors and modifying lifestyle to reduce risks. If needed, pharmacologic therapy options approved by the FDA include estrogens, bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. Studies show bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone are most effective at reducing vertebral and non-vertebral fractures. The management of osteoporosis depends on a patient's bone mineral density and fracture risk, with lifestyle changes and bisphosphonates often used for prevention and raloxifene, parathyroid hormone, or calcitonin for treatment.