2. SKULL
• The Skull, also known as
Cranium, is the Bony Structure
that Protects the Head.
• It Protects the Brain from
External Forces.
3. ANATOMY OF THE SKULL
TheSkullisComposedofseveralBonesthat
canbeClassifiedintoFollowingGroups:-
• The Cranial Bones [8]
• The Facial Bones [14]
• Auditory Ossicles [6]
• Hyoid Bone [1]
Total - 29 Bones Including Auditory
Ossicles and Hyoid Bone
4. CRANIAL BONES
[NEUROCRANIUM]
1- FRONTAL BONE
• Forms the Forehead and the Superior Part
of the Orbit [ Eye Sockets]
2- PARIETAL
[Paired]
• Forms the Superior and Lateral Aspect of
the Skull
3- TEMPORAL
[Paired]
• Forms the Lateral Side and Base of Skull
5. CRANIAL BONES
[NEUROCRANIUM]
4- OCCIPITAL BONE
• Forms the Posterior and Inferior Parts of
the Skull
• Contains Foramen Magnum and Occipital
Condyles [ Articulation with Atlas]
5- SPHENOID BONE
• Butterfly Shaped Bone that Forms the
Base of the Skull
6- Ethmoid Bone
• Located between The Orbits and forms Part of the
Nasal Septum
• Contains Cribriform Plate [Olfactory Neve Passage]
6. FACIAL BONES
[VISCEROCRANIUM]
1- MAXILLAE BONES [Paired]
• Forms the Upper Jaw and Part of The Orbits
2- ZYGOMATIC BONES [Paired]
• Forms the Cheekbones and Contributes to
the Orbits.
• Articulates with Maxillae and Temporal
Bone
3- NASAL BONES [Paired]
• Forms the Bridge of the Nose
• Articulates with Frontal Bone Superiorly and
Maxillae Laterally
7. FACIAL BONES
[VISCEROCRANIUM]
4- LACRIMAL BONES [Paired]
• Forms the Medial Wall of the
Orbits
5- PALATINE BONES
[Paired]
• Forms the Posterior Part of Hard Palate and
Part of the Nasal Cavity
6- INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE [Paired]
• Thin Bone, Projects into Nasal Cavity
10. AUDITORY
OSSICLES
1-
MALLEUS
• The Malleus is the Outermost of the Three
Ossicles and is attached to the Eardrum
• Its Handle is Connected to the Eardrum, and
the Head of the Malleus articulates with the
Incus.
2- INCUS
• The Incus is the Middle Bone in the Ossicular Chain.
• It is Connected to the Malleus at One End and the
Stapes at the Other End.
11. AUDITORY
OSSICLES
3- STAPES
• The Stapes is the Innermost Bone in the
Ossicular chain.
• It's Connected to the Incus at one end and
the Membrane-Covered Opening in the Inner
Ear, at the Other End.
12. HYOID BONE
• The Hyoid Bone is a Unique and Horseshoe-
Shaped Bone Located in the Front of the Neck,
JustabovetheAdam'sApple(ThyroidCartilage).
• It's the Only Bone in the Human Body that does
notArticulateDirectlywithanyOtherBones.
13. SUTURES OF SKULL
• Suturesare theFibrousJointsthat
Connects theBones ofTheSkull
• TheyserveastheMajor Sitesof
Bone Expansion
14. SUTURES OF
SKULL
1- SAGITTAL
SUTURE
• Connects 2 Parietal Bones Along the
Midline
2- CORONAL
SUTURE
• Connects the Frontal Bone to
the Parietal Bones
3- LAMBDOID
SUTURE
• Connects the Parietal Bones to
the Occipital Bone
4- SQUAMOUS SUTURE
• Connects the Temporal Bones to
the Parietal and Occipital Bones
15. FONTANELLES
• Fontanelles are the Soft Part on a
Baby's Skull Where The Bones have
NotyetFullyFusedTogether
• These are Made Up of Cartilage and
FibrousTissue
17. ANTERIOR
FONTANELLE
• Also Known as Soft Spot on the
Top of theHead
• DiamondinShape, Larger
Fontanellelocatedat theFrontof
theSkull
• PresentsbetweenFrontalandParietal
Bones
• Fusesaround18-24MonthsOld
18. • Triangular in Shape, Smaller
Fontanelle located at the Back of
theHead
• Presents between Parietal and
OccipitalBones
• Fuses around End of 1st and 2nd
Month
POSTERIOR
FONTANELLE
19. METHODS OF STUDY
OF SKULL
• NormaVerticalis
• NormaOccipitalis
• NormaFrontalis
• NormaLateralis
• NormaBasalis
20. NORMA VERTICALIS
• Frontal Bone
• Parietal Bone
• Occipital
Bone
BONE
S
SUTURES
• Coronal Suture
• Sagittal Suture
• Lambdoid Suture
22. NORMA OCCIPITALIS
• Parietal Bones
• Occipital Bone
• Mastoid Process of
Temporal Bone
BONE
S
SUTURES
• Lambdoid Suture
• Occipito-Mastoid Suture
• Parieto-Mastoid Suture
23. NORMA OCCIPITALIS
• Lamda
• External Occipital
Protubrence
• Superior and
Inferior Nuchal
Lines
• Mastoid Foramen
[Emissary Vein]
OTHER FEATURES
