TCP is the major transport protocol that provides reliable data delivery over the unreliable IP protocol. It establishes virtual connections between applications on different computers to guarantee prompt and reliable communication without data loss, duplication, or reordering. TCP achieves reliability through mechanisms like acknowledgments, retransmissions, adaptive retransmission timers, flow control using windows, and three-way handshakes for connection establishment and closure. It also implements congestion control to avoid overloading networks during periods of high traffic.
1) TCP and UDP are the two main Internet protocols for transferring data.
2) TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and ensures packets are delivered in order. UDP is connectionless and packets may arrive out of order or not at all.
3) TCP is used for applications like web browsing that require reliable data transfer, while UDP is used for real-time applications like streaming video that prioritize speed over reliability.
Network virtualization logically separates network resources and allows multiple virtual networks to operate over a shared physical infrastructure. It provides benefits like efficient usage of network resources, logical isolation of traffic between users, and accommodating dynamic server virtualization. Key enablers of network virtualization are cloud computing, server virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization (NFV). A virtual tenant network (VTN) uses an underlay physical network and an overlay virtual network to logically isolate traffic for different users or groups. Common uses of network virtualization are in data centers and telecommunication networks.
Dreamweaver is a web development program developed by Macromedia and acquired by Adobe. It allows users to design, build, and manage websites and web applications. Dreamweaver provides tools to create websites using popular languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, ASP, ASP.net, and PHP. It helps build interactive websites with features like animation and interactivity.
The document discusses the OSI physical layer. It describes the physical layer's purpose of creating electrical, optical, or microwave signals to represent bits in frames. It discusses different physical layer protocols and services, signaling and encoding methods used on different network media like copper, fiber, and wireless. It also covers physical layer standards bodies, functions of transmitting data, encoding it onto media, and signaling methods. Physical characteristics of different media types are explained as well as common physical layer protocols for wireless networking.
هو تعبير واسع يغطى مجموعة كبيرة من النشاطات في شركتك. وهو يتضمن كل )المنتجات –
العمليات( التي تتم بهدف )منع وصول الأفراد الغير مصرح لهم – منع تعديل البيانات – حماية المصادر(
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
TCP is the major transport protocol that provides reliable data delivery over the unreliable IP protocol. It establishes virtual connections between applications on different computers to guarantee prompt and reliable communication without data loss, duplication, or reordering. TCP achieves reliability through mechanisms like acknowledgments, retransmissions, adaptive retransmission timers, flow control using windows, and three-way handshakes for connection establishment and closure. It also implements congestion control to avoid overloading networks during periods of high traffic.
1) TCP and UDP are the two main Internet protocols for transferring data.
2) TCP is connection-oriented, reliable, and ensures packets are delivered in order. UDP is connectionless and packets may arrive out of order or not at all.
3) TCP is used for applications like web browsing that require reliable data transfer, while UDP is used for real-time applications like streaming video that prioritize speed over reliability.
Network virtualization logically separates network resources and allows multiple virtual networks to operate over a shared physical infrastructure. It provides benefits like efficient usage of network resources, logical isolation of traffic between users, and accommodating dynamic server virtualization. Key enablers of network virtualization are cloud computing, server virtualization, software-defined networking (SDN), and network functions virtualization (NFV). A virtual tenant network (VTN) uses an underlay physical network and an overlay virtual network to logically isolate traffic for different users or groups. Common uses of network virtualization are in data centers and telecommunication networks.
Dreamweaver is a web development program developed by Macromedia and acquired by Adobe. It allows users to design, build, and manage websites and web applications. Dreamweaver provides tools to create websites using popular languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, ASP, ASP.net, and PHP. It helps build interactive websites with features like animation and interactivity.
The document discusses the OSI physical layer. It describes the physical layer's purpose of creating electrical, optical, or microwave signals to represent bits in frames. It discusses different physical layer protocols and services, signaling and encoding methods used on different network media like copper, fiber, and wireless. It also covers physical layer standards bodies, functions of transmitting data, encoding it onto media, and signaling methods. Physical characteristics of different media types are explained as well as common physical layer protocols for wireless networking.
هو تعبير واسع يغطى مجموعة كبيرة من النشاطات في شركتك. وهو يتضمن كل )المنتجات –
العمليات( التي تتم بهدف )منع وصول الأفراد الغير مصرح لهم – منع تعديل البيانات – حماية المصادر(
Unicast involves sending data from one computer to another, with one sender and one receiver. Multicast sends data to a group of devices that have joined the multicast group, with one sender but multiple potential receivers. Broadcast sends data from one computer that is then forwarded to all connected devices, with one sender and all devices receiving the broadcast traffic.
The application layer allows users to interface with networks through application layer protocols like HTTP, SMTP, POP3, FTP, Telnet, and DHCP. It provides the interface between applications on different ends of a network. Common application layer protocols include DNS for mapping domain names to IP addresses, HTTP for transferring web page data, and SMTP/POP3 for sending and receiving email messages. The client/server and peer-to-peer models describe how requests are made and fulfilled over the application layer.
تبنى الشبكات من الوحدات المترابطة ووسائل الاتصال، وتتنوع الوحدات المترابطة إلى أجهزة المشترك بالشبكة والتي تقدم خدمات الشبكة للمشتركين بها’ ومنها تبتدئ البيانات التي ترسل عبر الشبكة وإليها تعود’ وأجهزة المعالجة وهي وحدات مترابطة داخل الشبكة لا تنشئ البيانات، وانما تقوم بمعالجتها وتنجز مهاما محددة داخل الشبكة.