Current situation in the meningitis belt, impact of MenAfriVac, countries that have introduced or committed to introducing it into routine schedules, catch up campaigns, controlling outbreaks and the challenge of maintaining vaccine stockpiles, use of conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
Human Papillomavirus Immunization completion rates increased by the use of th...inventionjournals
Human Papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and world wide. Vaccination is a critical public health measure for lowering the risk of cervical genital and anal cancers. Overall vaccination rates in the United States are low. This study highlights the need to change practices in primary care clinics to increase Human Papillomavirus vaccination rates. The study compares vaccination rates before and after the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics Tool Kit and a staff training session.
Current situation in the meningitis belt, impact of MenAfriVac, countries that have introduced or committed to introducing it into routine schedules, catch up campaigns, controlling outbreaks and the challenge of maintaining vaccine stockpiles, use of conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
Human Papillomavirus Immunization completion rates increased by the use of th...inventionjournals
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https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
WEBINAR - Zyvac tcv master class september 2018Gaurav Gupta
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Broadcast throughout India with more than 500 pediatricians from across the country registering for viewing and asking questions
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Dr Marie-Pierre Preziosi's presentation at Meningitis Research Foundation's 2013 conference, Meningitis & Septicaemia in Children & Adults http://www.meningitis.org/conference2013
What next for prevention of pneumococcal disease in light of serotype replacement? Is there a pathway to licensure for novel pneumococcal vaccines?
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
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https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
Preparedness for and response to meningococcal outbreaks: preliminary results of a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) randomized controlled trial of two schedules of 4CMenB vaccine in adolescents and young adults.
https://www.meningitis.org/mrf-conference-2017
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Broadcast throughout India with more than 500 pediatricians from across the country registering for viewing and asking questions
Dr. Theoklis Zaoutis - Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship in the Pediatric Out...John Blue
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More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-niaa-antibiotics-moving-forward-through-shared-stewardship
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More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2017-north-american-prrs-nsif-joint-meeting
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This slideset, realized by Professor Shabir Madhi on the occasion of the 11th ISPPD held in Melbourne last April, evaluates the potential advantages of booster containing PCV dosing schedule.
To learn more, visit www.waidid.org!
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The presentation discusses about Cohort, Case-control and Survival studies. The concept of Cohort and Case-control studies is explained with the help of diagrams as perceived by me. Some discussion is also there about survival and relative survival. Appropriate data is also provided to explain about survival and relative survival.
HLT 362 V GCU Quiz 11. When a researcher uses a random samSusanaFurman449
HLT 362 V GCU
Quiz 1
1. When a researcher uses a random sample of 400 to make conclusions about a larger population, this is an example of:
· Descriptive statistics
· Demographics
· Inferential statistics
· Dependent variables
2. If a study is comparing number of falls by age, age is considered what type of variable?
· Interval
· Ordinal
· Ratio
· Nominal
3. Validity is:
· A data item, such as characteristics, numbers, properties, or quantities, that can be measured or counted.
· The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded and an accurate representation of the real world.
· A measurement level with equal distances between the points and a zero-starting point.
· Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made.
4. Data is defined as:
· A data item, such as characteristics, numbers, properties, or quantities, that can be measured or counted.
· The extent to which an idea or measurement is well-founded and an accurate representation of the real world.
· A measurement level with equal distances between the points and a zero-starting point.
· Raw unorganized information from which conclusions can be made.
5. The average of the collected data is known as:
· Mean
· Median
· Variance
· Range
6. The experimental or predictor variable is an example of:
· Extraneous variable
· Dependent variable
· Independent variable
· Nominal data
7. Level of measurement that defines the relationship between things and assigns an order or ranking to each thing is known as:
· Interval
· Ordinal
· Ratio
· Nominal
8. A variable is considered:
· A data item, such as characteristics, numbers, properties, or quantities, that can be measured or counted.
· A component of mathematics that looks at gathered data.
· Statistics designed to allow the researcher to infer characteristics regarding a population from sample population.
· External and internal influences within a study that can affect the validity and reliability of the outcomes.
9. External and internal influences within a study that can affect the validity and reliability of outcomes is called:
· Continuous variables
· Demographics
· Bias
· Standard deviation
10. The subset of the population to be studied is called:
· Sample
· Variable
· Population
· Demographic
Put the below in your own words into 1-2 paragraphs for the main conclusion and 1-2 paragraphs for the clinical application
Main conclusion:
The following is one example of a main conclusion and clinical applicability to assist you in formulating your take home message for the dissemination assignment. The details in these descriptions are intentionally detailed for your consideration. Do not include this level of detail in the dissemination assignment.
HPV study:
The Healthy People 2020 HPV vaccination goal of 80% of all United States adolescents[KG1] is not being met with current practices (citation). With insufficient vaccination, reduction in HPV-related disease ...
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
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Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
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Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
OS18 - 2.2 Evaluating Vaccination strategies to control FMD: A Country comparison study - R. Sanson
1. Evaluating vaccination strategies
to control foot-and-mouth disease:
A country comparison study
A simulation modelling study by the QUADS Epiteam:
Robert SANSON, Thomas RAWDON, Graeme GARNER,
Mark STEVENSON, Sharon ROCHE, Charlotte COOK,
Colin BIRCH, Tom SMYLIE, Kelly PATYK, Caroline DUBÉ,
Zhidong YU, Kim FORDE-FOLLE
2. Introduction
Quadrilateral Countries: (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA) plus
others e.g. UK, Ireland and Netherlands
Conducted FMD disease spread comparison projects since 2005
Current focus – FMD vaccination and EDIs:
Phase I FMD vaccination study – used a UK FMD outbreak exercise
scenario to compare benefits of Vaccination vs. Stamping out (SO):
Roche SE, Garner MG, Sanson RL, Cook C, Birch C, Backer JA, Dubé C, Patyk KA, Stevenson MA, Yu Z,
Rawdon TG, Gauntlett F. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a model
comparison study. Epidemiology & Infection 2015 143 (6), 1256-1275: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001927
Phase II FMD vaccination study – five countries repeated the
simulations to assess in country specific settings:
Farm population data, introduction scenarios, response policy and resourcing specific to each country
Rawdon TG, Stevenson MA, Sanson RL, Garner MG, Cook C, Roche SE, Birch CPD, Dube C, Patyk KA,
Smylie T, Yu ZD. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a country comparison study.
Epidemiology & Infection 2018 146(9):1138-1150: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818001243
3. Introduction
Quadrilateral Countries: (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA) plus
others e.g. UK, Ireland and Netherlands
Conducted FMD disease spread comparison projects since 2005
Current focus – FMD vaccination and EDIs:
Phase I FMD vaccination study – used a UK FMD outbreak exercise
scenario to compare benefits of Vaccination vs. Stamping out (SO):
Roche SE, Garner MG, Sanson RL, Cook C, Birch C, Backer JA, Dubé C, Patyk KA, Stevenson MA, Yu Z,
Rawdon TG, Gauntlett F. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a model
comparison study. Epidemiology & Infection 2015 143 (6), 1256-1275: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001927
Phase II FMD vaccination study – five countries repeated the
simulations to assess in country specific settings:
Farm population data, introduction scenarios, response policy and resourcing specific to each country
Rawdon TG, Stevenson MA, Sanson RL, Garner MG, Cook C, Roche SE, Birch CPD, Dube C, Patyk KA,
Smylie T, Yu ZD. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a country comparison study.
Epidemiology & Infection 2018 146(9):1138-1150: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818001243
4. Introduction
Quadrilateral Countries: (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, USA) plus
others e.g. UK, Ireland and Netherlands
Conducted FMD disease spread comparison projects since 2005
Current focus – FMD vaccination and EDIs:
Phase I FMD vaccination study – used a UK FMD outbreak exercise
scenario to compare benefits of Vaccination vs. Stamping out (SO):
Roche SE, Garner MG, Sanson RL, Cook C, Birch C, Backer JA, Dubé C, Patyk KA, Stevenson MA, Yu Z,
Rawdon TG, Gauntlett F. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a model
comparison study. Epidemiology & Infection 2015 143 (6), 1256-1275: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814001927
Phase II FMD vaccination study – five countries repeated the
simulations to assess in country specific settings:
Farm population data, introduction scenarios, response policy and resourcing specific to each country
Rawdon TG, Stevenson MA, Sanson RL, Garner MG, Cook C, Roche SE, Birch CPD, Dube C, Patyk KA,
Smylie T, Yu ZD. Evaluating vaccination strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: a country comparison study.
Epidemiology & Infection 2018 146(9):1138-1150: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818001243
5. Study Objectives
Assess the robustness of particular vaccination strategies
under different demographics and country specific settings –
five countries
Strategies were selected to explore key areas of interest when
developing disease response policy, including:
Vaccination timing (early vs. late)
Cattle farms only (vs. all farm types)
Limiting vaccination to high-risk zones
Limiting vaccination resources (personnel and/or doses available)
6. Methods - approach Australia
UK
USA
Canada NZ
5 countries:
Australia, United Kingdom, USA, New Zealand, Canada
4 modelling platforms:
AusSpread (Australia), Exodis (UK), InterSpread Plus (NZ
and Canada), NAADSM (USA)
Each country used country-specific: denominator data, spread
parameters, response policy and ‘manpower’ settings
Each country created a ‘large scale’ outbreak scenario:
Ran a plausible introduction scenario and simulated 100 iterations of the
‘silent phase’ following FMD virus introduction
From these, an iteration chosen representing 90th percentile in terms of
numbers of infected premises (IPs) – this was used to start all further
testing of vaccination strategies
Note: Zone size fixed - effects of vaccine zone size not evaluated in this study
7. Methods - vaccination strategies tested
Strategy Zone size Timing Species
Areas
vaccinated
Resources
SO NA NA NA NA NA
VS1 3km 10d All All Resource limits
VS2 3km 17d All All Resource limits
VS3 3km 17d
Cattle farms
only (All spp.)
All Resource limits
VS4 3km 17d All High risk areas Resource limits
VS5 3km 10d All All Unlimited resources
Note: Zone size fixed - effects of vaccine zone size not evaluated in this study
8. Methods - analysis
Descriptive analyses: SO vs VS1-VS5
3-D graphs to assess ‘pay-off’ related to:
Number of infected premises (IPs)
Outbreak duration
Doses used – representing # ‘extra’ animals culled as part of a
‘vaccinate-to-remove’ strategy
Negative binomial regression of variables associated with the number
of IPs
Multiple linear regression of variables associated with outbreak
duration
9. SO = Stamping out only
VS1 = Early vaccination
VS2 = Late vaccination
VS3 = Late vaccination & cattle farms only
VS4 = Late vaccination and high risk areas only
VS5 = Early vaccination & unlimited resources
Results – NZ outputs
10. SO = Stamping out only
VS1 = Early vaccination
VS2 = Late vaccination
VS3 = Late vaccination & cattle farms only
VS4 = Late vaccination and high risk areas only
VS5 = Early vaccination & unlimited resources
Results – Canada
11. = ‘Stamping out’ only
= Early vaccination
= Late vaccination
= Late vaccination & cattle farms only
= Late vaccination and high risk areas only
= Early vaccination & unlimited resources
• Defining response
objective
• The need to weigh
up various potential
objectives
Results – response objectives matter
12. Results – Regression coefficients associated
with response objective (#IPs or Duration)
Variable #IPs Duration Comment
Timing
1.11
(1.07 to 1.14)
--
Late vaccination (17d) significantly increases
number of IPs compared to early vaccination
(10d). Duration not significantly affected
Species -- --
‘Cattle farm-only’ vaccination not significantly
different to all-farm vaccination
High risk areas
1.06
(1.03 to 1.10)
7.59
(5 to 10)
Vaccination of high risk areas significantly
increases number of IPs and Duration
Resources
0.90
(0.87 to 0.94)
-8.25
(-11 to -5)
Consistent protective effect of ‘unlimited
resources’ on both number of IPs and duration
Note: Zone size fixed - effects of vaccine zone size not evaluated in this study
13. Discussion
The study highlights the effectiveness of
vaccination as an adjunct to ‘Stamping Out’ for
severe FMD outbreaks
A consistent pattern is identified across the
countries in the effectiveness of certain
vaccination strategies
Findings guide key decisions when considering
vaccination during a severe FMD outbreak
14. Discussion (contd..)
Findings across the 5 countries reinforced the findings of
previous QUADs study based on a UK specific scenario:
Timing: the importance of an early decision to
vaccinate
Risk-based strategies: species-specific approaches
show potential, while risk-area approaches currently
weak
Resources: key role played by effective resourcing of
the response
Note: Effects of vaccine zone size and type were not evaluated in this study
15. Conclusions
Study also highlights the importance of a clearly defined response
objective
Response objectives often compete:
Total #IPs: traditional measure
Duration: may be a more critical an outcome than Total #IPs
# Animals vaccinated:
OIE policy setting: Vaccinate-to-remain OR vaccinate-to-remove
Species-specific strategies more relevant under current OIE settings
Important for decision makers/response managers to understand
the critical importance of defining a required outcome (objective)
16. Conclusions (contd..)
Study demonstrates the value of International
collaboration
Future work includes:
Early Decision Indicators (EDI): Predicting when a large outbreak might
be developing
Optimum resourcing: Understand the optimum resources for the
response effort (vaccination)
Risk-based strategies: such as species-specific vaccination – another
crucial area for research
Economics: linking model outcomes to economics ($$) including OIE
policy constraints, trade and socio-economic effects
17. Thank you
The QUADS EpiTeam
- would like to acknowledge the support of all
participating countries -
18. We would like to thank:
Supporting Governments, Departments and Organisations:
Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Scottish Government
and Welsh Government – U.K.
Ministry for Primary Industries – New Zealand
Canadian Food Inspection Agency
Alberta Agriculture and Forestry
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Department of Agriculture and Water Resources - Australia
National Centre for Food Protection and Defence
National Veterinary Institute
AsureQuality Limited
University of Melbourne
University of Minnesota
18