OS presentation (1).pptx
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The document discusses various concepts related to processes in Linux including: - The fork system call which is used to create child processes. It returns different values to the parent and child processes. - Demonstrating the output of sample C programs using fork. - Printing the process IDs of the child and parent processes. - The wait system call which allows the parent process to wait for a child process to terminate. - Different exec functions like execl, execv etc. to execute new programs from within a process. - Zombie and orphan processes and how they are handled. - Developing a user-defined function similar to system() to run another program.
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In Class AssignmetzCST280W13a-1.pdfCST 280 In-Class Pract.docx
In Class Assignmetz/CST280W13a-1.pdf
CST 280 In-Class Practice – Week 13
Manually determine the configuration of the priority queue (stored as a heap) created
by the following operations. Trace the following logic and define the output:
enqueue(7);
enqueue(17);
enqueue(2);
enqueue(5);
enqueue(22);
enqueue(19);
enqueue(6);
enqueue(11);
enqueue(13);
write the queue contents
dequeue and write front item
enqueue(15);
enqueue(8);
dequeue and write front item
dequeue and write front item
enqueue(24);
enqueue(14);
write the queue contents
Part 2
Then, verify the output by implementing the algorithm by rewriting the priority
queue demonstration program discussed in class. Files needed:
testPQueue.cpp pqType.h heap.cpp
Deliverables
• This cover sheet (with your names on it)
• Driver source code and output for verification program exectution.
In Class Assignmetz/CST280W13b.pdf
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Use this page as a worksheet to sketch the progression of the elements up to the first
split for the QuickSort algorithm. Use the middle array element as the split value:
15 34 99 42 11 41 66 23 55 93 48
Next, access the file quickSort.cpp from the course web page. Tailor the program
by entering the array values above in place of the integer values used for an in-class
demonstration. Be sure to adjust the index range to match the size of this array.
Remember that the parameters to the QuickSort algorithm are starting and ending index
values, not the size of the array.
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the partition function to “see” the array at various stages of processing:
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) // <== ADD
cout << set[i] << ' ';
cout << endl;
Insert the code at these positions:
int partition(int set[], int start, int end)
{
int pivotValue, pivotIndex, mid;
mid = (start + end) / 2;
swap(set[start], set[mid]);
pivotIndex = start;
pivotValue = set[start];
ç HERE
for (int scan = start + 1; scan <= end; scan++)
{
if (set[scan] < pivotValue)
{
pivotIndex++;
swap(set[pivotIndex], set[scan]);
}
ç HERE
}
swap(set[start], set[pivotIndex]);
ç HERE
return pivotIndex;
}
Finally, identify the line that matches what you concluded above.
Deliverables:
Deliver the following for this assignment:
• This work sheet with a sketch of the array first split
• Program source code with required change
• Program output demonstrating array configuration after first split .
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Programming Assignment #2
CSci 430 Spring 2019
Dates:
Assigned: Monday February 4, 2019
Due: Wednesday February 20, 2019 (before Midnight)
Objectives:
ˆ Explore the Process state models from an implementation point of
view.
ˆ Practice using basic queue data types and implementing in C.
ˆ Use C/C++ data structures to implement a process control block and
round robin scheduling queues.
ˆ Learn about Process switching and multiprogramming concepts.
Description:
In this assignment you will simulate a Three-State process model (ready,
running and blocked) and a simple process control block structure as dis-
cussed in Chapter 3. Your program will read input and directives from a
�le. The input describes a time sequence of events that occur. These are the
full set of events you will simulate:
1
Event Description
cpu The processor executes for 1 time step the currently running process
new A new process is created and put at tail of the ready queue
done The currently running process has �nished
wait X The currently running process has done an I/O operation and
is waiting on event X
event X Event X has occurred, the process waiting on that event should
be made ready.
The input �le will simply be a list of events that occur in the system, in
the order they are to occur. For example:
----- simulation-01.sim --------
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
wait 1
cpu
cpu
event 1
cpu
cpu
done
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
exit
----------------------------------
Your task is to read in the events, and simulate the creation and execution
of processes in the system as they move through the various three-states of
their process life cycle. You need to:
2
ˆ De�ne a simple process control block (PCB) to hold information about
all processes currently running in your system. The PCB can be a
simple C struct or a C++ class. At a minimum you need to have a
�eld for the process identi�er and the process state (Ready, Running or
Blocked). You need to also keep track of the time step that the process
entered the system, and the number of steps the process has been
running. Minimal credit will be given to programs that at least handle
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need a list or an array to hold the current processes that have been
created and are being managed by your simulated system.
ˆ You will need a ready queue of some kind. You should use a C++
Standard Template Library (STL) container to manage your ready
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ˆ You will need to implement a simple dispatcher function. Whenever
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ˆ You need to also implement a simple time slicing mechanism. The
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started. At the end of a cpu cycle, you should check if the currently
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Programming Assignment #2CSci 430 Spring 2019Dates.docx
Programming Assignment #2
CSci 430 Spring 2019
Dates:
Assigned: Monday February 4, 2019
Due: Wednesday February 20, 2019 (before Midnight)
Objectives:
ˆ Explore the Process state models from an implementation point of
view.
ˆ Practice using basic queue data types and implementing in C.
ˆ Use C/C++ data structures to implement a process control block and
round robin scheduling queues.
ˆ Learn about Process switching and multiprogramming concepts.
Description:
In this assignment you will simulate a Three-State process model (ready,
running and blocked) and a simple process control block structure as dis-
cussed in Chapter 3. Your program will read input and directives from a
�le. The input describes a time sequence of events that occur. These are the
full set of events you will simulate:
1
Event Description
cpu The processor executes for 1 time step the currently running process
new A new process is created and put at tail of the ready queue
done The currently running process has �nished
wait X The currently running process has done an I/O operation and
is waiting on event X
event X Event X has occurred, the process waiting on that event should
be made ready.
The input �le will simply be a list of events that occur in the system, in
the order they are to occur. For example:
----- simulation-01.sim --------
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
wait 1
cpu
cpu
event 1
cpu
cpu
done
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
exit
----------------------------------
Your task is to read in the events, and simulate the creation and execution
of processes in the system as they move through the various three-states of
their process life cycle. You need to:
2
ˆ De�ne a simple process control block (PCB) to hold information about
all processes currently running in your system. The PCB can be a
simple C struct or a C++ class. At a minimum you need to have a
�eld for the process identi�er and the process state (Ready, Running or
Blocked). You need to also keep track of the time step that the process
entered the system, and the number of steps the process has been
running. Minimal credit will be given to programs that at least handle
new events and create a process in a simulated PCB. You probably
need a list or an array to hold the current processes that have been
created and are being managed by your simulated system.
ˆ You will need a ready queue of some kind. You should use a C++
Standard Template Library (STL) container to manage your ready
queue.
ˆ You will need to implement a simple dispatcher function. Whenever
a cpu event occurs, and no process is currently running, you should
select the next Ready process from the head of your ready queue and
start it running on the processor.
ˆ You need to also implement a simple time slicing mechanism. The
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http://linux.die.net/man/3/exec
fork() creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new process, referred to as the child, is an exact duplicate of the calling process, referred to as the parent#include <unistd.h>pid_t fork(void);
The exec() family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for execve(2). (See the manual page for execve(2) for further details about the replacement of the current process image.)
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The ANSI prototype for execl() is:
int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0,..., const char *argn, 0)
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This variable has the same format as the argv variable except that the items passed via environ are the values in the environment of the process (like any exported shell variables), rather than the command line parameters. In the case of execl(), the value of the environ variable in the new program will be a copy of the value of this variable in the calling process.
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Lect3 process
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Program Assignment Process ManagementObjective This program a.docx
Program Assignment : Process Management
Objective: This program assignment is given to the Operating Systems course to allow the students to figure out how a single process (parent process) creates a child process and how they work on Unix/Linux(/Mac OS X/Windows) environment. Additionally, student should combine the code for describing inter-process communication into this assignment. Both parent and child processes interact with each other through shared memory-based communication scheme or message passing scheme.
Environment: Unix/Linux environment (VM Linux or Triton Server, or Mac OS X), Windows platform
Language: C or C++, Java
Requirements:
i. You have wide range of choices for this assignment. First, design your program to explain the basic concept of the process management in Unix Kernel. This main idea will be evolved to show your understanding on inter-process communication, file processing, etc.
ii. Refer to the following system calls:
- fork(), getpid(), family of exec(), wait(), sleep() system calls for process management
- shmget(), shmat(), shmdt(), shmctl() for shared memory support or
- msgget(), msgsnd(), msgrcv(), msgctl(), etc. for message passing support
iii. The program should present that two different processes, both parent and child, execute as they are supposed to.
iv. The output should contain the screen capture of the execution procedure of the program.
v. Interaction between parent and child processes can be provided through inter-process communication schemes, such as shared-memory or message passing schemes.
vi. Result should be organized as a document which explains the overview of your program, code, execution results, and the conclusion including justification of your program, lessons you've learned, comments, etc.
Note:
i. In addition, please try to understand how the local and global variables work across the processes
ii. read() or write () functions are used to understand how they work on the different processes.
iii. For extra credit, you can also incorporate advanced features, like socket or thread functions, into your code.
Examples:
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=============================================================
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(){
pid_t pid;
int segment_id; //allocate the memory
char *shared_memory; //pointer to memory
const int size = 4096;
segment_id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, size, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
shared_memory = (char *) shmat(segment_id, NULL, 0);
pid = fork();
if(pid < 0) { //error
fprintf(stderr, "Fork failed");
return 1;
}
else if(pid == 0){ //child process
char *child_shared_memory;
child_shared_memory = (char *) shmat(segment_id,NULL,0); //attach mem
sprintf(child_shared_memory, "Hello parent process!"); //write to the shared mem
shmdt(child_shared_memory);
}
else ...
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Similar to OS presentation (1).pptx
In Class AssignmetzCST280W13a-1.pdfCST 280 In-Class Pract.docx
In Class Assignmetz/CST280W13a-1.pdf
CST 280 In-Class Practice – Week 13
Manually determine the configuration of the priority queue (stored as a heap) created
by the following operations. Trace the following logic and define the output:
enqueue(7);
enqueue(17);
enqueue(2);
enqueue(5);
enqueue(22);
enqueue(19);
enqueue(6);
enqueue(11);
enqueue(13);
write the queue contents
dequeue and write front item
enqueue(15);
enqueue(8);
dequeue and write front item
dequeue and write front item
enqueue(24);
enqueue(14);
write the queue contents
Part 2
Then, verify the output by implementing the algorithm by rewriting the priority
queue demonstration program discussed in class. Files needed:
testPQueue.cpp pqType.h heap.cpp
Deliverables
• This cover sheet (with your names on it)
• Driver source code and output for verification program exectution.
In Class Assignmetz/CST280W13b.pdf
CST 280 In-Class Practice – Week 13
Use this page as a worksheet to sketch the progression of the elements up to the first
split for the QuickSort algorithm. Use the middle array element as the split value:
15 34 99 42 11 41 66 23 55 93 48
Next, access the file quickSort.cpp from the course web page. Tailor the program
by entering the array values above in place of the integer values used for an in-class
demonstration. Be sure to adjust the index range to match the size of this array.
Remember that the parameters to the QuickSort algorithm are starting and ending index
values, not the size of the array.
Next, insert code to demonstrate the state of the array after the first split. This should
verify what you did by hand above. Insert the following code at various points within
the partition function to “see” the array at various stages of processing:
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) // <== ADD
cout << set[i] << ' ';
cout << endl;
Insert the code at these positions:
int partition(int set[], int start, int end)
{
int pivotValue, pivotIndex, mid;
mid = (start + end) / 2;
swap(set[start], set[mid]);
pivotIndex = start;
pivotValue = set[start];
ç HERE
for (int scan = start + 1; scan <= end; scan++)
{
if (set[scan] < pivotValue)
{
pivotIndex++;
swap(set[pivotIndex], set[scan]);
}
ç HERE
}
swap(set[start], set[pivotIndex]);
ç HERE
return pivotIndex;
}
Finally, identify the line that matches what you concluded above.
Deliverables:
Deliver the following for this assignment:
• This work sheet with a sketch of the array first split
• Program source code with required change
• Program output demonstrating array configuration after first split .
04_ForkPipe.pptx
This document provides an overview of processes and inter-process communication techniques in Unix-like systems. It discusses the key components of a process, the process lifecycle, and system calls used to manage processes like fork(), exec(), waitpid(), and kill(). It also covers techniques for inter-process communication using pipes, dup2(), and signals. Finally, it discusses utilities for command line argument parsing and obtaining random numbers from /dev/urandom.
Jdk 7 4-forkjoin
This document discusses Fork/Join framework in Java 7. It explains that Fork/Join is designed to maximize usage of multiple processors by recursively splitting large tasks into smaller subtasks. It uses work-stealing algorithm where idle workers can steal tasks from busy workers' queues to balance load. An example of calculating Fibonacci numbers using Fork/Join is provided where the task is split recursively until the subproblem size is smaller than threshold, at which point it is computed directly.
11_UNIX_Processes_Including_Select.ppt
This document discusses UNIX processes and process management in UNIX. It covers the key concepts of a process, process states, creating processes using fork(), waiting for processes using wait(), and terminating processes using exit(). It also discusses changing the program executed by a process using the exec() family of functions. The document describes how to get process information using getpid() and how to send signals to processes using kill(). It provides an overview of files and I/O in UNIX including the basic I/O system calls like open(), read(), write() and close(). Finally, it discusses buffered and unbuffered I/O.
Programming Assignment #2CSci 430 Spring 2019Dates.docx
Programming Assignment #2
CSci 430 Spring 2019
Dates:
Assigned: Monday February 4, 2019
Due: Wednesday February 20, 2019 (before Midnight)
Objectives:
ˆ Explore the Process state models from an implementation point of
view.
ˆ Practice using basic queue data types and implementing in C.
ˆ Use C/C++ data structures to implement a process control block and
round robin scheduling queues.
ˆ Learn about Process switching and multiprogramming concepts.
Description:
In this assignment you will simulate a Three-State process model (ready,
running and blocked) and a simple process control block structure as dis-
cussed in Chapter 3. Your program will read input and directives from a
�le. The input describes a time sequence of events that occur. These are the
full set of events you will simulate:
1
Event Description
cpu The processor executes for 1 time step the currently running process
new A new process is created and put at tail of the ready queue
done The currently running process has �nished
wait X The currently running process has done an I/O operation and
is waiting on event X
event X Event X has occurred, the process waiting on that event should
be made ready.
The input �le will simply be a list of events that occur in the system, in
the order they are to occur. For example:
----- simulation-01.sim --------
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
wait 1
cpu
cpu
event 1
cpu
cpu
done
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
exit
----------------------------------
Your task is to read in the events, and simulate the creation and execution
of processes in the system as they move through the various three-states of
their process life cycle. You need to:
2
ˆ De�ne a simple process control block (PCB) to hold information about
all processes currently running in your system. The PCB can be a
simple C struct or a C++ class. At a minimum you need to have a
�eld for the process identi�er and the process state (Ready, Running or
Blocked). You need to also keep track of the time step that the process
entered the system, and the number of steps the process has been
running. Minimal credit will be given to programs that at least handle
new events and create a process in a simulated PCB. You probably
need a list or an array to hold the current processes that have been
created and are being managed by your simulated system.
ˆ You will need a ready queue of some kind. You should use a C++
Standard Template Library (STL) container to manage your ready
queue.
ˆ You will need to implement a simple dispatcher function. Whenever
a cpu event occurs, and no process is currently running, you should
select the next Ready process from the head of your ready queue and
start it running on the processor.
ˆ You need to also implement a simple time slicing mechanism. The
time slice value to use will be passed into your program when it is
started. At the end of a cpu cycle, you should check if the currently
running process has executed for its full time quant ...
Programming Assignment #2CSci 430 Spring 2019Dates.docx
Programming Assignment #2
CSci 430 Spring 2019
Dates:
Assigned: Monday February 4, 2019
Due: Wednesday February 20, 2019 (before Midnight)
Objectives:
ˆ Explore the Process state models from an implementation point of
view.
ˆ Practice using basic queue data types and implementing in C.
ˆ Use C/C++ data structures to implement a process control block and
round robin scheduling queues.
ˆ Learn about Process switching and multiprogramming concepts.
Description:
In this assignment you will simulate a Three-State process model (ready,
running and blocked) and a simple process control block structure as dis-
cussed in Chapter 3. Your program will read input and directives from a
�le. The input describes a time sequence of events that occur. These are the
full set of events you will simulate:
1
Event Description
cpu The processor executes for 1 time step the currently running process
new A new process is created and put at tail of the ready queue
done The currently running process has �nished
wait X The currently running process has done an I/O operation and
is waiting on event X
event X Event X has occurred, the process waiting on that event should
be made ready.
The input �le will simply be a list of events that occur in the system, in
the order they are to occur. For example:
----- simulation-01.sim --------
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
new
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
wait 1
cpu
cpu
event 1
cpu
cpu
done
cpu
cpu
cpu
cpu
exit
----------------------------------
Your task is to read in the events, and simulate the creation and execution
of processes in the system as they move through the various three-states of
their process life cycle. You need to:
2
ˆ De�ne a simple process control block (PCB) to hold information about
all processes currently running in your system. The PCB can be a
simple C struct or a C++ class. At a minimum you need to have a
�eld for the process identi�er and the process state (Ready, Running or
Blocked). You need to also keep track of the time step that the process
entered the system, and the number of steps the process has been
running. Minimal credit will be given to programs that at least handle
new events and create a process in a simulated PCB. You probably
need a list or an array to hold the current processes that have been
created and are being managed by your simulated system.
ˆ You will need a ready queue of some kind. You should use a C++
Standard Template Library (STL) container to manage your ready
queue.
ˆ You will need to implement a simple dispatcher function. Whenever
a cpu event occurs, and no process is currently running, you should
select the next Ready process from the head of your ready queue and
start it running on the processor.
ˆ You need to also implement a simple time slicing mechanism. The
time slice value to use will be passed into your program when it is
started. At the end of a cpu cycle, you should check if the currently
running process has executed for its full time quant ...
SystemVerilog OOP Ovm Features Summary
The document provides an overview of the Open Verification Methodology (OVM) framework. OVM is a SystemVerilog library that implements object-oriented design patterns to provide base classes for verification components. It includes features for component hierarchy, configuration, phasing, reporting, transaction recording, and interfaces based on the Open System C Initiative Transaction Level Modeling 2.0 standard.
httplinux.die.netman3execfork() creates a new process by.docx
http://linux.die.net/man/3/exec
fork() creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new process, referred to as the child, is an exact duplicate of the calling process, referred to as the parent#include <unistd.h>pid_t fork(void);
The exec() family of functions replaces the current process image with a new process image. The functions described in this manual page are front-ends for execve(2). (See the manual page for execve(2) for further details about the replacement of the current process image.)
The exec() family of functions include execl, execlp, execle, execv, execvp, and execvpe to execute a file.
The ANSI prototype for execl() is:
int execl(const char *path, const char *arg0,..., const char *argn, 0)
http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/~irjohnso/coursenotes/lrc/system/pc/pc4.htm #inciude <stdio.h> #inciude <unistd.h> main() { execl("/bin/ls", "ls", "-l", 0); printf("Can only get here on error\n"); }
The first parameter to execl() in this example is the full pathname to the ls command. This is the file whose contents will be run, provided the process has execute permission on the file. The rest of the execl() parameters provide the strings to which the argv array elements in the new program will point. In this example, it means that the ls program will see the string ls pointed to by its argv[0], and the string -l pointed to by itsargv[1]. In addition to making all these parameters available to the new program, the exec() calls also pass a value for the variable: extern char **environ;
This variable has the same format as the argv variable except that the items passed via environ are the values in the environment of the process (like any exported shell variables), rather than the command line parameters. In the case of execl(), the value of the environ variable in the new program will be a copy of the value of this variable in the calling process.
The execl() version of exec() is fine in the circumstances where you can ex-plicitly list all of the parameters, as in the previous example. Now suppose you want to write a program that doesn't just run ls, but will run any program you wish, and pass it any number of appropriate command line parameters. Obviously, execl() won't do the job.
The example program below, which implements this requirement, shows, however, that the system call execv() will perform as required: #inciude <stdio.h> main(int argc, char **argv) { if (argc==1) { printf("Usage: run <command> [<paraneters>]\n"); exit(1) } execv(argv[l], &argv[1)); printf("Sorry... couldn't run that!\n"); }
The prototype for execv() shows that it only takes two parameters, the first is the full pathname to the command to execute and the second is the argv value you want to pass into the new program. In the previous example this value was derived from the argv value passed into the run command, so that the run command can take the command line parameter values you pass it and just pass them on. int execl(.
Linux Systems Programming: Inter Process Communication (IPC) using Pipes
Linux Systems Programming: Inter Process Communication (IPC) using Pipes
Lect3 process
Processes allow for multitasking and isolation on a system. A process contains a program's execution context including memory, open files, and registers. The fork() system call creates a new child process that is a duplicate of the parent, while exec() replaces the current process with a new program. The parent can use wait/waitpid to synchronize with the child process and retrieve its exit status.
Program Assignment Process ManagementObjective This program a.docx
Program Assignment : Process Management
Objective: This program assignment is given to the Operating Systems course to allow the students to figure out how a single process (parent process) creates a child process and how they work on Unix/Linux(/Mac OS X/Windows) environment. Additionally, student should combine the code for describing inter-process communication into this assignment. Both parent and child processes interact with each other through shared memory-based communication scheme or message passing scheme.
Environment: Unix/Linux environment (VM Linux or Triton Server, or Mac OS X), Windows platform
Language: C or C++, Java
Requirements:
i. You have wide range of choices for this assignment. First, design your program to explain the basic concept of the process management in Unix Kernel. This main idea will be evolved to show your understanding on inter-process communication, file processing, etc.
ii. Refer to the following system calls:
- fork(), getpid(), family of exec(), wait(), sleep() system calls for process management
- shmget(), shmat(), shmdt(), shmctl() for shared memory support or
- msgget(), msgsnd(), msgrcv(), msgctl(), etc. for message passing support
iii. The program should present that two different processes, both parent and child, execute as they are supposed to.
iv. The output should contain the screen capture of the execution procedure of the program.
v. Interaction between parent and child processes can be provided through inter-process communication schemes, such as shared-memory or message passing schemes.
vi. Result should be organized as a document which explains the overview of your program, code, execution results, and the conclusion including justification of your program, lessons you've learned, comments, etc.
Note:
i. In addition, please try to understand how the local and global variables work across the processes
ii. read() or write () functions are used to understand how they work on the different processes.
iii. For extra credit, you can also incorporate advanced features, like socket or thread functions, into your code.
Examples:
1. Process Creation and IPC with Shared Memory Scheme
=============================================================
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int main(){
pid_t pid;
int segment_id; //allocate the memory
char *shared_memory; //pointer to memory
const int size = 4096;
segment_id = shmget(IPC_PRIVATE, size, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
shared_memory = (char *) shmat(segment_id, NULL, 0);
pid = fork();
if(pid < 0) { //error
fprintf(stderr, "Fork failed");
return 1;
}
else if(pid == 0){ //child process
char *child_shared_memory;
child_shared_memory = (char *) shmat(segment_id,NULL,0); //attach mem
sprintf(child_shared_memory, "Hello parent process!"); //write to the shared mem
shmdt(child_shared_memory);
}
else ...
Proces
This document discusses processes in an operating system. It defines a process as a running instance of a program. It describes how the fork() system call can be used to create a new process by duplicating the calling process, with the new process being an exact duplicate except for a few key points. It also outlines the different states a process can be in, including running, ready but not running, waiting on an event, and zombie.
System Calls - Introduction
System calls allow programs to request services from the operating system kernel. Some common system calls include read and write for file access, fork for creating new processes, and wait for a parent process to wait for a child process to complete. The steps a system call takes include the program pushing parameters onto the stack, calling the library procedure to place the system call number in a register, triggering a trap instruction to switch to kernel mode, the kernel dispatching the system call to the appropriate handler, the handler running, then returning control to the user program after completing the operation.
Java programs
The document provides examples of Java code demonstrating various programming concepts like loops, conditional statements, methods, arrays and string manipulation. It includes code snippets to print "Hello World", check if a number is even or odd, print multiplication tables, convert temperatures between Fahrenheit and Celsius scales, take input from the user and perform basic operations on strings. The examples illustrate the use of various loops like for, while and do-while loops, if-else statements, methods and built-in string/array methods in Java.
Using Flow-based programming to write tools and workflows for Scientific Comp...
The document summarizes Samuel Lampa's talk on using flow-based programming for scientific computing. It provides biographical information on Samuel Lampa, including his background in pharmaceutical bioinformatics and current work. It then gives an overview of flow-based programming, describing it as using black box processes connected by data flows, with connections specified separately from processes. Benefits mentioned include easy testing, monitoring, and changing connections without rewriting components. Examples of using FBP in Go are also presented.
اسلاید اول جلسه هشتم کلاس پایتون برای هکرهای قانونی
Forking duplicates a process, creating a child process that is identical to the parent. The fork() call returns 0 in the child process and the child's PID in the parent. This allows the parent and child processes to execute independently with different PIDs. Exec functions like execvp() overlay the parent process with a new program, replacing the current process instead of duplicating it like fork().
Mychurch File Upload
This document provides an introduction to concurrency in Unix-based C through annotated code examples. It includes summaries and explanations of three sample programs that demonstrate using fork to create new processes, and using pipes for interprocess communication. The first program shows a parent and child process each printing their process IDs. The second program illustrates a parent and child communicating via a pipe, with the parent writing a string and child reading it. The third program, not shown here, uses pipes to communicate integer values between processes.
Linux_C_LabBasics.ppt
The document provides examples of C programs that demonstrate various system calls in Linux/Ubuntu including:
1) Fork system call which creates a new child process to run concurrently with the parent process.
2) Open, read, and close directory functions to read contents of a directory.
3) Examples include calculating average, volume, reversing numbers, and using functions.
Lecture2 process structure and programming
The document summarizes key aspects of the C compilation model and process concepts in operating systems. It discusses that the C compilation model involves preprocessing, compilation, assembly, and linking. It also explains that a process is a program in execution with a unique process ID, that processes are created through forking, and that signals allow processes to communicate termination status. Process attributes like user IDs, group IDs, and process groups are also covered.
UNIX_Process Control_Module3.pptx
This document summarizes key concepts about process control in Linux. It discusses process identifiers that can be used to get the process ID, parent process ID, user IDs, and group IDs. It explains how a new process is created using the fork() function, and how the child process is a copy of the parent process but has its own memory space. It provides examples of using fork() and demonstrates how the child and parent processes execute concurrently after a fork. It also discusses how the vfork() function is similar to fork() but optimized for processes that will immediately call exec(). The document concludes by covering how processes can terminate normally using return, exit(), or _exit(), or abnormally through signals.
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OS presentation (1).pptx
- 1. Group E4 20CP205 AVNI ROHIT 21CP308 PARAM PATEL 21CP310 IRBAAZ VOHRA
- 2. 1. Demonstrate the use of fork system call. • Fork system call is used to create a new process, called the child process. • Child process runs concurrently with the process that makes the fork() call, i.e. parent process. • After a new child process is created, both processes will execute the next instruction followed by the fork() system call. • The fork() takes no parameters and returns an integer value. • If the value < 0, then the creation of the child process failed. • If value = 0, then returned to the newly created child process • If value > 0, then parent is returned, and value = PID of child process.
- 3. What is the output of the following program? A) int main() { fork(); printf("nHellon"); return 0; }
- 5. B) int main() { fork(); fork(); printf("nHellon"); return 0; } Parent Process Parent Process Child Process (C1) Parent Process Child Process (C2) Child Process (C1) Child Process (C3)
- 6. OUTPUT
- 7. 2. Demonstrate printing PID of child and parent process. #include <stdio.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> int main() { int id = fork(); if(id==0) { printf("nChild Process PID : %dn",getpid() printf("nParent PID : %dn",getppid()); }
- 8. else { printf(“nParent Process PID : %dn",getpid()); sleep(2); } return 0; }
- 10. 3. Demonstrate use of wait system call. How parent knows child terminate normally or abnormally after checking return values of wait . A)
- 11. OUTPUT
- 12. B)
- 13. OUTPUT
- 14. 4.Demonstrate use of execl, execv, execve, execlp, execvp, execle. Execl : execl() call replaces the image of the current process with a new process image specified by the path i.e. the current process code gets replaced by a new process code.
- 15. Execv(path,argv) : causes the current process to abandon the program that it is running and start running the program in file path. Parameter argv is the argument vector for the command, with a null pointer at the end. It is an array of strings. Execve : execve() executes the program pointed to by filename. filename must be either a binary executable,
- 16. execlp : The execlp function is most commonly used to overlay a process image that has been created by a call to the fork function. identifies the location of the new process image within the hierarchical file system (HFS).
- 17. execvp and execle : These two also serve the same purpose but the syntax of them are a bit different from all the above members of exec family. The syntaxes of both of them are shown below : Syntax: int execvpe(const char *file, char *const argv[],char *const envp[]); Syntax:int execle(const char path, const char *arg, .../, (char *) NULL, char * const envp[] */);
- 18. 5. Demonstrate Zombie Process and Orphan Process Zombie Process: A Process Which Terminate But Whose Parent Not Yet Called Wait() is Known As Zombie Process Once The Parent Calls Wait() the Process Identifier of the Process and its entry in the Zombie process the table is released A child Process Always First Becomes a Zombie Before Removed From the Process Table
- 19. #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> int main() { pid_t t; t=fork(); if(t==0) { printf("Child having id %dn",getpid()); } else { printf("Parent having id %dn",getpid()); sleep(15); // Parent sleeps. Run the ps command } }
- 20. Output : $gcc zombie.c $./a.out &
- 21. Orphan Process : A Process Whose Parent Process no More Exist i.e. either finished or Terminated Without Waiting for Its Child Process To Terminate Is Called an Orphan Process The Init Process Is Assigned As The New Parent To Orphan Process The Init Process Periodically Invokes wait(), There By Allowing The Exit Status Of Any Orphaned Process to be collected and Relesing Orphans Process identifier and Process Entry Table
- 22. #include<stdio.h > #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/types.h> int main() { pid_t p; p=fork(); if(p==0) { sleep(5); //child goes to sleep and in the mean time parent terminates printf("I am child having PID %dn",getpid()); printf("My parent PID is %dn",getppid()); } else {
- 23. Output :
- 24. 6. Develop user defined function which allow to run binary file and give control back to your parent process similar to library function system Ex1.c #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> Int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { Printf(“PID of EX1.c= %dn”, getpid()); Char *args[] = {“Hello”,”Vahora”,”Irbaz”,NULL}; Execv(“./ex2”,args); Printf(“Back To ex1.c”); Return 0; }
- 25. Ex2.c #include<stdio.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<stdlib.h> Int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { Printf(“We Are In Ex2.cn”) Printf(“PID of EX2.c= %dn”, getpid()); Return 0; }
- 26. OUTPUT