The document provides a comprehensive overview of hospital functions, definitions, and organizational structures. It outlines different types of hospitals based on care levels, classification criteria, and departments such as therapeutic, diagnostic, and support services. It also details the role of hospital pharmacies, including their organization, facilities needed, and the importance of ethical practice in pharmaceutical services.

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Miss Patil S.S
Lecturer
Institute of Pharmacy,Loni

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Definition-
 A hospital is a health care institution providing patient
treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and
medical equipment.
 It also provides facilities for diagnosis , therapy, prevention,
education and research.
 Organization structure refers to levels of management within
a hospital.

3.  Function’s of Hospital-
 Hospital can provided health service to patients in following
terms-
 The main function of a hospital is to provide the population
with complete health care; it also functions as the centre for
the training of health workers.
 Provide medical care, which involves the treatment and
management of patients through the staff of physicians.

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 In the large hospitals have complex organizational structures, but
Smaller hospitals tend to have much simpler organizational
structures. It can be divided in to following way’s-
Primary Hospital’s: focuses on general care for overall patient
education and
wellness.
Secondary&TertiaryHospitals:treat more sever
conditions that require specialized knowledge and more
intensive health monitoring. Furthermore, the classification of
hospitals can be on the basis of clinical & non- clinical-

5.  Clinical Basis: On the based on specific diagnostic or
treatment services, like- Medicine: General medicine;
T.B., Surgery: ENT, Orthopedic, Maternity: Long term,
short term etc.
 Non-Clinical basis: Based on governing body/trust form,
like- Government: Army hospital, AIIMS, PGI, Non-
Government : Private hospitals, Community hospitals,
charitable hospitals etc.

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Other criteria's of classification like-
On the basis of size: Ex. Large (>1000 beds) & small
(between 50- 100 beds) hospitals.
On the basis of cost: Ex. Elite hospitals (Expensive/
five star), Budget hospitals ( Moderate budget & low
budget).
On the basis of system of medicine: Ex. Allopathic,
Ayurvedic, Homeopathic hospitals.
.

7.  Organization of Hospitals-
 Organizational structure varies from hospital to
hospital.
 Hospital departments are grouped in order to promote
efficiency of facility.
 Grouping is generally done according to similarity of
duties

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 Administrative Services .
 Informational Services .
 Therapeutic Services .
 Diagnostic Services .
 Support Services

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 Governing body/trust- It is a one of the most essential part
of any hospital. In this following peoples are grouped
together as follow;
Vice President(s), Executive Assistants, Department
Heads
Business people who “run the hospital”
Oversee budgeting and finance .
Establish hospital policies and procedures .
 Often perform public relation duties .

11.  Informational Services- To keep maintain document and
process information;
Admissions .
Billing & Collection .
Medical Records .
Computer Information Systems .
Health Education .
Human Resources .

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 Therapeutic Services- Important division of any hospital, which Provides
treatment to patients. Therapeutic services may organize include further
departments as follow;
 Physical Therapy - treatment to improve large muscle mobility.
 Occupational Therapy - treatment goal is to help patient regain fine motor skills.
 Speech/Language Pathology -identify, evaluate , treat speech / language disorders.
 Respiratory Therapy - treat patients with heart & lung disease .
 Medical Psychology - concerned with mental well-being of patients .
 Social Services - connect patients with community resources(financial aid etc.)

13.  Pharmacy – It also called hospital pharmacy, which controls the pharmacy operation
in any hospitals. This department fills prescription & dispense medications.
Furthermore, it is include begin purchasing of drug and finishes with the drug
distribution to out patients and in patients.
 Dietary - maintain nutritionally sound diets for patients .
 Sports Medicine - provide rehabilitative services to athletes .
 Nursing - provide care for patients .

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 Diagnostic Services- Determines the cause (s) of illness or
injury . It has involved in the diagnostic of pathological
condition for patients through different pathological tests, it
include following departments work together;-
 Medical Laboratory - studies body tissues .
 Medical Imaging - radiology, MRI, Ultra Sound .
 EmergencyMedicine - provides emergency diagnoses & treatment .
 Other include like- Sonography, X-ray, ECG, CT scan etc.

15.  Support Services- Provides support for entire hospital. It
include;
 Central Supply - orders, receives, stocks & distributes equipment & supplies .
 Biomedical Technology - design, build repair, medical equipment .
 Housekeeping & Maintenance - maintain safe, clean environment .
 Others may also include like- laundary, transport, mortuary, library etc.

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 Hospital Pharmacy is an area of a hospital where pharmacists
distributeprescription medicine to patients.
 Hospital Pharmacy may also be defined as a department in which
the drugs are procured, preserved, stored, compounded, assayed,
manufactured, dispensed, packaged and distributed to inpatients
and outpatients by professionally competent and legally qualified
pharmacists.

17.  Functions of hospital Pharmacy-
Managing various activities of stores such as purchase
of drugs, proper storage conditions and maintenance of
records.
Practicing pharmacy in a professional and ethical
manner.
Promoting and contributing to the rational use of
medicines.
Dispensing drugs as per the prescription of the medical
staff of the hospital.
Providing counseling services while dispensing drugs
especially for outpatients.
Inspecting all pharmaceutical supplies.

18.  The practice of hospital pharmacy started in India 1941 but becamea
respectable discipline only in sixties.
Organization of hospital pharmacy
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19.  The pharmacy should be located in the hospital premises so that patients
and staff can easily approach it.
 The pharmacy of a hospital, should be preferable located on the ground
floor especially the dispensing unit.
 OPD’s pharmacy should give a pleasant appearance and must have
enough space for seating of patients who have to wait formedicines.
 The IPD’s pharmacy are served to medicines from nursing stations who
receive their materials from the pharmacy.
 Space must be provided for routine manufacturing of stock solution, bulk
powders, ointments etc.
 The manufacturing room should be adjacent to the pharmacy.
 Medical store of a pharmacy should be adjacent to the pharmacy itself or
should be directly connected the pharmacy.
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 Facilities required in hospital pharmacy-
In Smaller hospital with one pharmacist , only one room is
required for pharmacy having a combination of dispensing,
manufacturing, administrative and all other sections of
complete pharmaceutical service.
In Larger hospital with 200 or more beds, departmentalization
of pharmacy activity is required.
For sterile products, there should be a separate room or area.

24.  A Separate area is required for-
Inpatient services and unit dose dispensing.
Outpatient service.
An Office for the chief pharmacist.
A Compounding room.
Prepacking and Labelling room.
A Store room.
Sterile products room.

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 Hathi committee has recommended that the head of hospital
pharmacy department should be a post graduate in pharmacy and
assisted by B.pharm and D.pharm holders.

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