The document discusses organizational concepts including the meaning of organizations, their structures, effectiveness, stakeholders, management, ethics, and relationships with the external environment. It defines an organization as a collection of people working together in a coordinated way to achieve goals. Organizational structures determine relationships and assign roles. Effectiveness refers to achieving objectives and solving problems. Stakeholders include internal groups like managers and employees, and external groups like customers and suppliers. Top managers are responsible for setting goals and allocating resources. Business ethics concerns principles of right and wrong. Organizations must adapt to forces in their general and task environments.

1. O R G A N I Z AT I O N A L
C H A N G E & D E S I G N
The Organization
and
its Environment
Ujjwal Aryal
Ujjwal.aryal@gmail.com

2. Organization is a social entity that is goal oriented.
Organization refers to a collection of people, who are
involved in pursuing defined objectives. It can be
understood as a social system which comprises all
formal human relationships. The organization
encompasses division of work among employees and
alignment of tasks towards the ultimate goal of the
company
All organizations have a management structure that
determines relationships between the different activities
and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles,
responsibilities, and authority to carry out different
tasks.
ORGANIZATION: MEANING & CONCEPT

3. An organization is a collection of people working
together in a coordinated and structured fashion to
achieve one or more goals.
Organizations exist to allow accomplishment of work
that could not be achieved by people alone.
As long as the goals of an organization are appropriate,
society will allow them to exist and they can contribute
to society.
ORGANIZATION: MEANING & CONCEPT

4. 6 M’s of organization
Men Machine materials Money Methods Merket
The process
steps you need
to produce an
output or deliver
a service.
Machines and
tools that you
need to produce
an output or
deliver a service.
The raw materials,
consumables, or
assemblies that you
need to produce the
output or deliver
the service.
The people in
your process.
Money is an
important support in
a business. Money is
a medium of
exchange and a
measure of value
A market is a place where the
organization disseminates
(markets) its products. Marketing
the product is of course very
important because if the goods
produced do not sell, the process
of producing goods will stop.

5. ORGANIZATION: MEANING & CONCEPT
An organizational
structure is adopted
through
management, teams
and leadership.
It is composed of
people and works on
the principle of
division of work.
The word “organization”
is derived from the Greek
word “organon”.
As we know `organ` -it
means a compartment for
a particular job.
An organization is a
social group which is
tributes tasks for a
collective goal.

6. ORGANIZATION: MEANING & CONCEPT

7. ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS
What is Effectiveness?
 The degree to which objectives are achieved and the
extent to which targeted problems are solved.
 Effectiveness means "doing the right thing.“
 Effectiveness require efficiency. Takes into account the
amount of resources used to produce the desired
outcome.
 Organizational effectiveness is the concept of how
effective an organization is in achieving the outcomes
the organization intends to produce
EFFECTIVENESS IS A FUNCTION OF
CLEAR AUTHORITY AND DISCIPLINE
WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION
By HENRI FAYOL

8. Effectiveness Criteria

9. Effectiveness
is the ability
to excel at
one or more
output goals.
Effectiveness
is the ability
to acquire
scarce and
valued
resources
from the
environment.
Effectiveness
is the ability
to satisfy
multiple
strategic
constituencie
s both within
and outside
the
organization.
Strategic Approach
System Resource
Approach
Internal Process
Approach
Goal Approach
Effectiveness
is the ability
to excel at
internal
efficiency,
coordination,
motivation,
and
employee
satisfaction.
Effectiveness Criteria
Methods of measuring the effectiveness of the organization

10. Stakeholders, Managers and Ethics
A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company and can either affect or be affected by the
business. The primary stakeholders in a typical corporation are its investors, employees, customers, and
suppliers.
However, with the increasing attention on corporate social responsibility, the concept has been extended
to include communities, governments, and trade associations.
Stakeholders can be internal or external
to an organization. Internal stakeholders
are people whose interest in a company
comes through a direct relationship, such
as employment, ownership, or
investment.
External stakeholders are those who do not
directly work with a company but are affected
somehow by the actions and outcomes of the
business. Suppliers, creditors, and public
groups are all considered external stakeholders
Understanding Stakeholders

11. Stakeholders are often divided into two groups, internal and external stakeholders.

12. Stakeholders
People who are closest to an organization and have
the strongest and most direct claim on Organizational
resources
Shareholders: the owners of the organization (Mutual Funds)
Managers: the employees who are responsible for
coordinating organizational resources and ensuring that an
organization’s goals are successfully met
The workforce: all non-managerial employees
Inside
Stakeholders

13. Stakeholders
People who do not own the organization, are not employed by
it, but do have some interest in it.
Customers: an organization’s largest outside stakeholder
group (Airlines & travelers—Employees and Customers).
Suppliers: provide reliable raw materials and component parts
to organizations (Stationary supplies for an educational
institution).
The government
Wants companies to obey the rules of fair competition.
Wants companies to obey rules and laws concerning the
treatment of employees and other social and economic issues.
Outside
Stakeholders

14. TOP MANAGERS& ORGANIZATIONAL
AUTHORITY
The power to hold people
accountable for their
actions and to make
decisions concerning the
use of organizational
resources.
Authority
The ultimate authority over
the use of a corporation’s
resources.
They own the company
They exercise control over it
through their representatives
Shareholders
Monitors corporate
managers’ activities and
rewards corporate
managers who pursue
activities that satisfy
stakeholder goals
The board of directors
The inside stakeholder
group that has ultimate
responsibility for setting
company goals and
allocating organizational
resources
Corporate-level
management
Top managers are
responsible for setting
goals and allocating
rewards.
Top-management team: A group of managers who report to the CEO and COO and help
the CEO set the company’s strategy and its long-term goals and objectives.
Corporate managers: The members of top-management team whose responsibility is to set
strategy for the corporation as a whole.

15. TOP
MANAGEMENT
TEAM ROLES
CEO
Often has primary responsibility for
managing the organization’s relationship
with external stakeholders
COO
Responsible for managing the
organization’s internal operations
Exec. Vice Presidents
Oversees and manages the company’s most
significant line and staff roles
Line-role
managers who have direct responsibility for the
production of goods and services

16. WHAT IS BUSINESS ETHICS
Ethics
Moral principles and beliefs about what is right or wrong
(rights & justice)
Ethical dilemma
Decisions that involve conflicting interests of parties
Laws specify what people and organizations can and
cannot do.
Ethics and laws are relative

17. MAJOR SOURCES OF
ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS
Societal ethics: codified in a society’s legal
system, in its customs and practices, and in the
unwritten norms and values that people use to
interact with each other.
Professional ethics: the moral rules and values
that a group of people uses to control the way
they perform a task or use resources.
Individual ethics: the personal and moral
standards used by individuals to structure their
interactions with other people.

18. External Environment & Organizational Relationships
The term “Business environment” represents the sum of all the individuals,
institutions, competing organisations, government, courts, media, investors,
and other factors outside the power of the business organisations but affects
the business performance. Hence, changes in government economic policies,
rapid changes in technology, changes in consumer tastes and preferences,
increasing market competition, etc. are outside the business organisations'
power but affect the business performance immensely.
The external environment comprises forces that exist outside the boundaries
of an organization, but have potential and significant influence on its survival
and growth.
External environment of an organization can be classified into two broad
components:
The General Environment.
The Task (Specific) Environment.

19. THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT & ITS COMPONENTS
General environment is the set of broad dimensions and
forces in an organization’s surroundings that create its overall
context.
 International dimension
 Technological dimension
 Political-legal dimension
 Socio-cultural dimension
 Economic dimension
Task environment consists of specific organizations or
groups that influence an organization.
 Competitors
 Customers
 Suppliers
 Strategic partners
 Regulators

20. HOW ORGANIZATIONS ADOPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT
The components of the environment affect the functioning of a
business organization. The management should develop some
alternative strategies to adapt to environmental influence. The
following points for how organizations adapt to their
environments.
Information management- Organizations can adapt to their
environment through information management. They can apply
many techniques for information management. These consist of
boundary spanners, environmental scanning, and information
system. There must be a proper information system within the
organization.
Strategic response- Strategic response is the process of
applying existing plans and policies if successfully functioning,
or developing new plans and policies to cope with environmental
change. The common approaches of strategic response are at
least resistance; proceeding with caution and dynamic
response.

21. Mergers, takeover, acquisition and alliances- In a competitive
environment, a business organization may face threats and challenges
due to environmental changes. To adapt to environmental changes, a
business organization may implement different strategies consisting of
mergers, takeover, acquisition and alliances.
Organization design and flexibility- In a dynamic environment, it is
essential to choose a few standard operating procedures. The
management should consider the organic design and should be flexible in
decision making on the basis of time and situation.
The direct influence of the environment- When organizations are able
to anticipate or forecast environmental changes, they may influence the
environment directly in many ways like lobbying and bargaining and
assigning long term contracts.
HOW ORGANIZATIONS ADOPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENT

22. MANAGING IN A CHANGING GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
With fast development in business field, management
environments are becoming more diverse. Global
Organizations are those which operate and compete in
more than one country. These are uncertain and
unpredictable. The global environment of such
companies is a set of forces and conditions exterior of
the organization's boundaries that affects the way it
operates and shapes its behavior.

23. DOING BUSINESS GLOBALLY: DIFFERENT TYPES OF ORG
Multinational Corporations:
A broad team term that refers to any and all types of
international companies that maintain operations.
Multidomestic Corporation:
An international company that decentralized
management and other decisions to the local country.
Global Company:
An MNC that centralize management and other
decision in the home country.

24. CHALLENGES
Any manager who finds himself in a foreign country faces a lot of new
challenges. It is very difficult to manage an organization in a global
environment.
The legal political environment:
The Economical Environment
Cultural Environment

25. Thank you