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Lesson 3
Environmental Forces and
Environment Scanning
Types of Organizational Environments
External Environments
External Environment includes all factors outside the
organization that can potentially affect the business
operations. The organization has no control over these
factors. The external environment embraces factors that
generally affect all types of organizations. The environment
includes technological, economic, socio-cultural, political-
legal, and international dimensions.
External Environments
The external environment can be divided into two sub-layers:
1. General Environment
2. Task Environment
General Environment
The general environment consists of factors that affect
organizations indirectly. These factors are widely dispersed,
broad and distant. They may not directly affect organizations’
day-to-day operations but they influence the performance of
all firms eventually.
Elements of General Environment
1. International Dimension
This refers to the degree to which an organization is involved and
affected by global factors. It includes global competitors and global
consumer markets. Today, because of advancements in technology, we
have become more connected. Companies these days have to compete
on an international scale.
2. Technological Dimension
The technological dimension has changed rapidly over the past
years. It also has massively affected every organization nowadays. This
includes scientific and technological advancements both in specific
industries and the society at large.
Elements of General Environment
3. Sociocultural Dimension
The sociocultural dimension represents the demographic
characteristics, norms, mores, and values of the society in which the
organization operates. Expectations of society are constantly changing.
Managers need to understand these changes in order to meet
customers’ needs and wants.
4. Economic Dimension
The economic dimension represents the overall status of the
economy in the place or country of a business. Inflation,
unemployment, and interest rates are important economic factors for
businesses. Each economic variable affects the business activities. It is
important for companies to look at the economic system as a whole.
Elements of General Environment
5. Legal-Political Dimension
The legal-political dimension represents all government
rules and regulations implemented in the country that may
influence the organization’s behavior. Pressure groups use the
legal-political framework to persuade businesses to be socially
responsible. It is critical that managers comprehend the effects of
the activities of these agencies and groups.
Task Environments
The task environment is closer to the organization and directly
affects the company’s day-to-day transactions. It consists of
competitors, suppliers, and customers.
Elements of Task Environment
1. Suppliers
Suppliers provide the raw materials the organization uses to
produce its outputs. It is important for managers to maintain good
relationships with their suppliers so that provision of good quality
materials at low prices will always be guaranteed.
Task Environments
2. Customers
The primary goal of an organization is the satisfaction of its
customers. They pay the value of the organization’s products or
services through money. They are one of the most important
components of a business. Managers must pay close attention to
this dimension because they are the ones who keep a company
alive and operating.
Task Environments
3. Competitors and New Entrants
Organizations are always influenced by their competitors.
Competitors are referred to as other organizations in the same
industry or type of business
that provide goods or services to the same set of customers
(Daft,2008). Every industry is involved in a competitive war.
Managers must understand their company’s competitive position as
well as know its competitors in order to design strategies that will
make them maintain their market standing. New entrants are
potential competitors of the company.
Task Environments
4. Regulators
Regulators have the authority to control, regulate or influence
an organization’s policies and practices. They can include
government agencies and interest groups.
5. Strategic Partners
Strategic partners are organizations and individuals the
company comes to an understanding with. They somehow influence
the organization’s activities.
Internal Environments
The internal environment of an organization consists
of those forces and elements that are within the boundaries of the
organization. The organization has direct control over these factors.
Elements of Internal Environment
1. Owners and Shareholders
They are the people who invested in the company and basically
own the organization in a way that they have property rights and claims.
They can be an individual, group of people or someone who bought a
share of stocks. The managers must take important care of the owners of
the organizations because they have the right to change policies at any
time and they have a big influence on the affairs of the company.
Internal Environments
Elements of Internal Environment
2. Board of Directors
The board of directors is the elected governing body by the
stockholders. They oversee the firm’s top managers.
3. Employees
Employees are the most essential element of the
organization’s internal environment. They perform the activities of
the firm in exchange for wages, salary, and other benefits.
Internal Environments
Elements of Internal Environment
4. Organizational Culture
Organizational culture is the values, beliefs, habits, norms,
and understanding that are shared by members of an organization.
The culture within the organization plays a significant role in
organizational success.
Environmental Scanning: SWOT and PEST Analysis
Before formulating strategies for the organization to remain
competitive in the market, managers must be knowledgeable about
the present-day realities for them to adapt to uncertainties and
avoid regret in the future. Hence, environmental scanning is
necessary. Environmental scanning is the process of investigating
internal and external environments. Its purpose is to help managers
determine the future direction of the organization.
SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and
Threats. It examines both internal and external factors to measure
the organization's competitive position. It is intended to be fact-
based, realistic, and data-driven.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths. They are the things where the organization excels. It is
what separates them from competitors. Examples of an
organization’s strengths include a loyal customer base, strong
culture, a strong brand, and unique technology.
Weaknesses. These are the areas of improvement inside the
organization. They hinder the organization from performing at the
maximum level. They can include a lack of quality suppliers, lack of
investments, and weak brands.
SWOT Analysis
Opportunities. These refer to external factors that could
favorably give the organization an advantage. They include
market share, increasing sales, and location.
Threats. These are external factors that can harm the
organization. They include calamities, increasing competition,
and costs of supply.
PEST Analysis
PEST contains four components: Political, Economic,
Social/Cultural, and Technological. The PEST corresponds to
the Opportunities and Threats in the SWOT. It examines the
broader and major external environment of the organization.
PEST Analysis
PEST Analysis
Political. This area of PEST analysis includes government policies
that can affect the organization. The political climate at the local
and international levels can also influence the organization.
Economics. This aspect focuses on factors of interest, exchange
rates, economic growth, supply and demand, inflation, and
recession.
PEST Analysis
Social. This includes the demographic characteristics, cultures, and
trends in lifestyle and workplace.
Technology. This factor includes new developments, funding research,
global communications, trends, and changes in technology.

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Lesson-3-environment.pptx

  • 1. Lesson 3 Environmental Forces and Environment Scanning
  • 2. Types of Organizational Environments
  • 3. External Environments External Environment includes all factors outside the organization that can potentially affect the business operations. The organization has no control over these factors. The external environment embraces factors that generally affect all types of organizations. The environment includes technological, economic, socio-cultural, political- legal, and international dimensions.
  • 4. External Environments The external environment can be divided into two sub-layers: 1. General Environment 2. Task Environment General Environment The general environment consists of factors that affect organizations indirectly. These factors are widely dispersed, broad and distant. They may not directly affect organizations’ day-to-day operations but they influence the performance of all firms eventually.
  • 5. Elements of General Environment 1. International Dimension This refers to the degree to which an organization is involved and affected by global factors. It includes global competitors and global consumer markets. Today, because of advancements in technology, we have become more connected. Companies these days have to compete on an international scale. 2. Technological Dimension The technological dimension has changed rapidly over the past years. It also has massively affected every organization nowadays. This includes scientific and technological advancements both in specific industries and the society at large.
  • 6. Elements of General Environment 3. Sociocultural Dimension The sociocultural dimension represents the demographic characteristics, norms, mores, and values of the society in which the organization operates. Expectations of society are constantly changing. Managers need to understand these changes in order to meet customers’ needs and wants. 4. Economic Dimension The economic dimension represents the overall status of the economy in the place or country of a business. Inflation, unemployment, and interest rates are important economic factors for businesses. Each economic variable affects the business activities. It is important for companies to look at the economic system as a whole.
  • 7. Elements of General Environment 5. Legal-Political Dimension The legal-political dimension represents all government rules and regulations implemented in the country that may influence the organization’s behavior. Pressure groups use the legal-political framework to persuade businesses to be socially responsible. It is critical that managers comprehend the effects of the activities of these agencies and groups.
  • 8. Task Environments The task environment is closer to the organization and directly affects the company’s day-to-day transactions. It consists of competitors, suppliers, and customers. Elements of Task Environment 1. Suppliers Suppliers provide the raw materials the organization uses to produce its outputs. It is important for managers to maintain good relationships with their suppliers so that provision of good quality materials at low prices will always be guaranteed.
  • 9. Task Environments 2. Customers The primary goal of an organization is the satisfaction of its customers. They pay the value of the organization’s products or services through money. They are one of the most important components of a business. Managers must pay close attention to this dimension because they are the ones who keep a company alive and operating.
  • 10. Task Environments 3. Competitors and New Entrants Organizations are always influenced by their competitors. Competitors are referred to as other organizations in the same industry or type of business that provide goods or services to the same set of customers (Daft,2008). Every industry is involved in a competitive war. Managers must understand their company’s competitive position as well as know its competitors in order to design strategies that will make them maintain their market standing. New entrants are potential competitors of the company.
  • 11. Task Environments 4. Regulators Regulators have the authority to control, regulate or influence an organization’s policies and practices. They can include government agencies and interest groups. 5. Strategic Partners Strategic partners are organizations and individuals the company comes to an understanding with. They somehow influence the organization’s activities.
  • 12. Internal Environments The internal environment of an organization consists of those forces and elements that are within the boundaries of the organization. The organization has direct control over these factors. Elements of Internal Environment 1. Owners and Shareholders They are the people who invested in the company and basically own the organization in a way that they have property rights and claims. They can be an individual, group of people or someone who bought a share of stocks. The managers must take important care of the owners of the organizations because they have the right to change policies at any time and they have a big influence on the affairs of the company.
  • 13. Internal Environments Elements of Internal Environment 2. Board of Directors The board of directors is the elected governing body by the stockholders. They oversee the firm’s top managers. 3. Employees Employees are the most essential element of the organization’s internal environment. They perform the activities of the firm in exchange for wages, salary, and other benefits.
  • 14. Internal Environments Elements of Internal Environment 4. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is the values, beliefs, habits, norms, and understanding that are shared by members of an organization. The culture within the organization plays a significant role in organizational success.
  • 15. Environmental Scanning: SWOT and PEST Analysis Before formulating strategies for the organization to remain competitive in the market, managers must be knowledgeable about the present-day realities for them to adapt to uncertainties and avoid regret in the future. Hence, environmental scanning is necessary. Environmental scanning is the process of investigating internal and external environments. Its purpose is to help managers determine the future direction of the organization.
  • 16. SWOT Analysis SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It examines both internal and external factors to measure the organization's competitive position. It is intended to be fact- based, realistic, and data-driven.
  • 17. SWOT Analysis Strengths. They are the things where the organization excels. It is what separates them from competitors. Examples of an organization’s strengths include a loyal customer base, strong culture, a strong brand, and unique technology. Weaknesses. These are the areas of improvement inside the organization. They hinder the organization from performing at the maximum level. They can include a lack of quality suppliers, lack of investments, and weak brands.
  • 18. SWOT Analysis Opportunities. These refer to external factors that could favorably give the organization an advantage. They include market share, increasing sales, and location. Threats. These are external factors that can harm the organization. They include calamities, increasing competition, and costs of supply.
  • 19.
  • 20. PEST Analysis PEST contains four components: Political, Economic, Social/Cultural, and Technological. The PEST corresponds to the Opportunities and Threats in the SWOT. It examines the broader and major external environment of the organization.
  • 22. PEST Analysis Political. This area of PEST analysis includes government policies that can affect the organization. The political climate at the local and international levels can also influence the organization. Economics. This aspect focuses on factors of interest, exchange rates, economic growth, supply and demand, inflation, and recession.
  • 23. PEST Analysis Social. This includes the demographic characteristics, cultures, and trends in lifestyle and workplace. Technology. This factor includes new developments, funding research, global communications, trends, and changes in technology.