ORGANISATION STUDY @ KOLLAM IREL(KERALA UNIVERSITY)

Organisation Study on IREL Chavara 1
DC School of Management and Technology | Trivandrum
Summer Internship Program On Organization Study of
INDIAN RARE EARTHS LIMITED, CHAVARA
AKHIL P U (Reg. no. 13460007)
MBA 2013-15
KERALA UNIVERSITY
Under the Guidance of

Certificate (of the Institution)
This is to certify that the report entitled “An organisation study on Indian Rare Earth Ltd” submitted here is a bonafide record of the work done by
AKHIL P U, under the guidance and this work has not been submitted by them for the award of any other degree, diploma or title of recognition earlier.
DC School of Management and Technology (sd)
Date:………………………..
(Seal)

Certificate ( of the Organisation)
This is to certify that AKHIL P U,2nd semester MBA student of DC School of Management and Technology has done a project work on “organisation study” in our organization under the supervision of Mr Chandrasekhar, Sr. Manager safety and Environment Department during the period from 21 April 2014 to He has successfully completed the work.
(Seal)
(sd)
Place and Date

DECLARATION
We, AKHIL P U 2nd semester MBA student of DC School of Management and Technology, do hereby declare that this organization study titled “An Organization Study onINDIAN RARE EARTHS LIMITED, CHAVARA”under the guidance of Mr. RAJENDRANis the result of original work during the organization study time. We have not submitted the same for the award of any degree, diploma. All the data both primary and secondary are true to the best of my knowledge
.
AKHIL P U
Place: Kollam
Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all we wish to express my deep gratitude and thanks to God who helped us in completing the organisation study successfully.
We shall remain grateful to Dr. P.S Mohana Kumar for his amble guidance and encouragement for completing the organization study. We are also extremely grateful to faculty member for their valuable suggestions and 2advice regarding this work.
We are more obliged to Dr. VeeranKuttyDirector, Dc School of Management and Technology for given helpful suggestions and valuable guidance
It is our pleasure to express a deep sense of grateful to Mr jayapalan(Deputy generalmanager),Mr Chandrasekhar, Sr. Manager( safety and Environment & QMSDepartment ),Mr SatyabhusanSamantaSr.Manager(Finance) without their untiring efforts and tremendous background information this work would not have materialized. We express our sincere thanks to all the staff of IREL, Chavara for their co-operation during my study in the company.
Last but not least we thank to all the staff members of the DC School of Management and Technology for the encouragement rendered for the completion of the research work and also we extend our gratitude to all staff and workers in IREL, Chavara for their support in our organization study.

LIST OF CONTENTS
Subject
Page Number
Chapter 1
Introduction
9-12
Chapter 2
Industry profile
13-19
Chapter 3
Company Profile
20-24
Chapter 4
Product Profile
25-27
Chapter 5
Customer profile
28-30
Chapter 6
Functional areas of IREL
31-75
Chapter 7
Swot Analysis
76-78
Chapter 8
Porter’s Five Force Analysis
79-81
Chapter 9
PEST Analysis
82-84
Chapter 10
Findings, Recommendations, Conclusion
85-87

LIST OF TABLES & CHARTS
Table No
Subject
Page no.
2.1
World production reserves
16
2.2
Resources of Monazite in India
17
2.3
Potential RE markets
19
4.1
Product profile
26
4.2
Uses of the product
27
6.1
Manpower strength
34
6.2
Contract workers
34
6.3
Pay scale for Workers and officers
37
6.4
Production capacity of chavara plant
48
Balance sheet
89
Statement of profit and loss account
90

LIST OF FIGURES
Fig no.
subject
Page no
1.1
Corporate structure
11
6.1
Department structure -HRM
32
6.2
Department structure -Mining
45
6.3
Department structure -Production
46
6.4
Production process
50
6.5
Department structure –Quality control
52
6.6
Department structure –Stores and Despatch
54
6.7
Department structure –Internal Audit
57
6.8
Department structure –R&D
58
6.9
Department structure –Project& maintenance
59
6.10
Department structure –Finance
64
6.11
Department structure –Medical
67
6.12
Department structure –Security
69
6.13
Department structure –Safety& Environment
70
6.14
Department structure -Civil
75

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

INTRODUTION
Each and every organisation has its own importance in the economic wealth of the nation. Different organisation meets different needs of people by offering different products and services. Due to globalisation the world has changed into a global village. In this fast and changing business scenario, it is imperative for every entrepreneur to have a vivid understanding of the functional application of the new age business. As a part of the academic curriculum each student has to undertake an organisational study to get practical exposure. This study is conducted at Indian Rare Earths Limited, Chavara.
IREL Chavara is located 10 km north of Kerala and 85 km from Trivandrum, capital of Kerala and 135 by road from Cochin is perhaps blessed with the best mineral sand deposit of the country. The plant operates on a mining area containing as high as 40% heavy minerals and extending over a length of 22 kms in the belt of Neendakara and Kayamkulam.
The deposit is quite rich with respect to Ilmenite, Rutile and Zircon and the mineral Ilmenite happens to be of weathered variety analysing 60% Titanium Dioxide (TiO2). The present annual production capacity of Chavara unit engaged in dry as well as wet (dredging / Up gradation) mining and mineral separation stands at 2,00,000 tonsof Ilmenite, 1,14,500tons of Rutile, 11,750 tons of Zircons and 10,000 tons of Sillimanite. In addition to that, the plant has facilities for annual production of ground Zircon called Zirflour and Microzir of the order of 6,000 tones and 300 tonsrespectively.
IREL Chavara is one of the oldest and leading public sector undertakings under the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE). It is an ISO 14001: 2000; OHSAS 18000 certified company supplies beach sand minerals to the foreign and domestic market. It caters the requirements of developed countries like U.S.A, U.K, Germany,
Australia, Japan etc. The major mineral products of IREL are Ilmenite, Rutile, Sillimanite and Zirflour.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Fig:1.1
RESEARCH DESIGN
A research design is a plan of the proposed research work. The research designs simply a specific presentation of the various steps in the process of research. Design means adopting that type or technique which is most suited for the research and study of the problem. It is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to familiarize with the organisational functions in the organisation, there are many other minor objectives also. They are the following:-
 To understand about how an organisation’s system is performing.
 To know about various departments and their functions in an organisation.
 To study the managerial activities performed in an organisation.
 To know how an organisation coordinates its activities.
 To get a practical exposure as the future manager.
OSCOM Plant
Orissa
Corporate & Registered
Office at Mumbai
Rare Earths Division
Udyogamandal
Mineral Division
Manavalakurichi
Mineral Division
Chavara

SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is to know about the organisation, its structure, the functions performed by various departments and to know the overall performance of the organisation. The study will help the management students to get a practical exposure.
METHODOLOGY
Both primary and secondary data were used for this study.
1. Primary Data:-
The primary data can be obtained either through observation or through direct communication with respondents in one form or another or through personal interviews. There are several methods for collecting primary data. They are observation method, interview method, through questionnaire, through schedule etc. Here primary data were obtained from direct interviews made on with managers, officers and workers of the firm.
2. Secondary Data:-
Secondary data means data that are already available ie: - they refer to the data which have already been collected by someone else. Here secondary data were collected from company brouchers, manuals and other records
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 The study is limited to my experience and knowledge.
 Lack of availability of secondary data from published journals and reports.
 Secrecy of the organisation prevents them from giving some of the details regarding the firm.
 Employees were busy in their work so they could not give more information.
 There may be errors due to the bias of the respondents.
 Time is a major limitation in the course of study.

CHAPTER-2
INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDUSTRY PROFILE
Rare Earth Elements or Rare Earth Metals are a collection of 17 elements namely scandium, yttrium and lanthanides (15 elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers 57 to 71 namely: lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb) and lutetium (Lu)). Rare earths are not rare in the sense of their abundance, but have earned this descriptive because they are rarely concentrated enough for an easy recovery from their ores.
In India, monazite is the principal source of rare earths, which is a prescribed substance as per the notification under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) has been the sole producer of Rare Earth compounds in the country. The recovery of Rare Earth Elements (REE) from Monazite has been restricted due to its thorium and uranium content. There is a need for concerted efforts both by GSI and AMD to explore other primary sources of Rare Earth Elements. In the face of competition from China and due to lack of domestic demand for indigenous materials, IREL had stopped its production.
Given the concerns over China’ s flexing of its muscle on the international stage by restricting Rare Earths exports, a wave of Mining projects are revived worldwide to tap sizeable deposits of Rare Earths. IREL is also planning to restart production of REE.
Keeping this in view and increasing demand of these metals for high tech applications, Ministry of Mines has stressed the need to incentivize exploration & process R&D for creating indigenous production capacities. To achieve this, a high level Steering Committee has been constituted to look into the current availability of Rare Earths and to suggest short, medium and long term strategies for exploration, production and processing, to ensure long term availability of the raw material

WORLD SCEANARIO OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTS (REEs)
There is large amount of reserves of rare earths minerals in the world. China holds the leading position among producers of the rare earths elements or lanthanide elements.
Rare earths are also produced in India, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Thailand, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada, Vietnam, South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Norway, Greece, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, Madagascar, Mozambique and Egypt.
Most recently, it was discovered that Afghanistan may have large deposits of rare earth metals, estimated to be worth US$89 billion. The rare earth deposits are on the south bank of the Helmand River in southern Afghanistan.
Given the concerns over China’ s flexing of its muscle on the international stage by restricting Rare Earth exports, a wave of Mining projects are reviewed worldwide to tap sizable deposits of Rare Earth. LynaCorporation’s new mining operation in Australia and Molycorop’s plan to restart Mothballed Mountain Pass Mines is a step in this direction. It has also encouraged further exploration and spurring more recycling of Rare Earths.

The World production and reserves of Rare Earth Elements are given in table.
Table:2.1Rare Earth Elements – World Production and Reserves (2009)
INDIAN SCENARIO
In India, monazite is the principal source of rare earths and thorium. The mineral monazite is a prescribed substance as per the notification under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962. AMD has been carrying out its resource evaluation for over five decades. It occurs in association with other heavy minerals, such as ilmenite, rutile, zircon, etc. in concentrations of 0.4 - 4.3% of total heavies in the beach and inland placer deposits of the country. The resource estimates of monazite in the beach and inland placer deposits have been enhanced from 7.90 million tonnes in 2002 to 10.21 million tonnes in 2005.
Country
Mine Production
(tonnes)
% of production
Reserves (million
tonnes)
% of Total reserve
United States
0 (no rare earth mining)
0
13.0
13
China
120000
97
>36.0
36
Russia (and
other CIS
countries)
small
<1
19.0
19
Australia
small
0
5.4
5
India
2700
2
3.1
3
Brazil
650
<1
small
Malaysia
380
-
small
Other
270
-
22.0
22
Total
124000
>99.0

The state wise resources are given below:
All India
10.21
Andhra Pradesh
3.73
Bihar
0.22
Kerala
1.37
Orissa
1.82
Tamil Nadu
1.85
West Bengal
1.22
Table:2.2Resources of Monazite (In million tonnes)
Exploration & Development
Apart from Monazite sands, India has to look for rare earths from the primarysource rocks. In India, concentration of REE in hard rock has been recorded in association with carbonatites, syenites, albitites, granites, pegmatite, apatite and phosphorites and carbonaceous schists. Geological Survey of India has carried out preliminary search for REE in carbonatite in Koraput and Kalahandi districts of Orissa. Pegmatite and the granite terrain have been covered in Bhilwara, Ajmer and Udaipur districts of Rajasthan. Carbonatites of Tamilnadu, West Bengal, Meghalaya and Assam were also sampled. So far, Bastnaesite has been reported in association with Carbonatite from Puruliadistt,West Bengal and Monazite has been reported from Carbonatite occurrence of Sung Valley (Meghalaya),Sevattur (Tamilnadu) and Samchampi (Assam).In addition GSI has to examine all the data generated from the proterozoic and younger granites andIron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) type deposits and also their supergene/ lateriteprofiles. Proper evaluation of existing data and data generated from National Geochemical Mapping Programme can also help in locating suitable target areas for further search of REE. Field investigations carried out by AMD for rare metal

pegmatites in the last few years has led to the discovery of significant raremetal pegmatites at Pandikimal, Jangapara, Bhurpidungri etc. in Jharsugudadistrict of Orissa and Kawargaon, Bodenar, Metapal, Challanpara etc. in Bastar district of Chhattisgarh apart from the known and established pegmatite fieldsof Bihar , Rajasthan and Karnataka. These pegmatites were assessed and evaluated for their economic exploitability and considerable tonnage wasproved with significant ROM grade. Some of them viz., Pandikimal, Jangaparain Jharsuguda andBodenar in Bastar district are under recovery for Columbite-Tantalite. Beryl i s also recovered as a by-product. Columbite-Tantalite from Jharsuguda area, Orissa is niobium rich whereas those of Bastar region, Chhattisgarh are tantalum rich. In Southern India, a survey by AMD has resulted in locating new pegmatitic occurrences in Holenarispur and Nagmangala Schist Belts of Karnataka. Similarly in Central India Bastar-Koraputpegmatitic belt (BKPB) and pegmatites around Limboi in Sabarkantha Dist., Gujaratis rare metal bearing. Marllagalla pegmatite in Nagamangla Schist Belts forms the single largest Nb- Ta deposit containing economic grades of Ta2O5, which has produced substantial tonnage of Columbite-Tantalite and Spodumene(lithium bearing mineral).Apart from pegmatites, the granitic occurrences of Nb-Ta minerals near Kanigiri, Prakasamdistrict, Andhra Pradesh was also located and evaluated. The carbonatite bodies of Tamilnadu and Meghalaya were reassessed for their pyrochlorecontent. Samchampi Alkali Complex in Mikir Hills of Assam is another potential area for Nb-Ta minerals. The Niobium deposit at the SamchampiCarbonatite Complex, Assam, and India extends over a considerable stretch. High content of Nb, La, Y and Zr have also been reported for the first time in rhyolitic dykes associated with Deccan basalt from Alechhills, Gujarat. The anomalous content in these rocks is due to the presence of xenotime, ilmenorutile and monazite. The non pegmatitic resources for rare metals are low and have problems of beneficiation which are being studied by AMD.
Key successes for the beach sand mineral industry are:-
 Increase the Ilmenite capacity to reach economic scale of production.
 Value addition project in minerals and rare earths compound.

 Initiate action to develop new mining areas.
 Forward integrate through stake in world leader in pigment Industry likeTinfoss, DuPont or selling up a pigments plant.
 Explore other mining options in neighbouring countries.
Potential RE Markets
Table:2.3
End Use
RE required
Present Status
Expected (2030)
Magnets for wind turbines
Nd , Pr, Dy, Tb (high strength magnets have 30 % RE)
12,000 MW of wind ~ capacity
~ 50,000 MW
EV, Hybrid vehicles (batteries, motor, catalytic converter)
La (15 kg per car)
Nd (1 kg per car), Dy, Tb, Ce
Negligible EV
Perhaps up to 1 million vehicles
LED
Y, Eu, Tb
Negligible LED
Being promoted by
government, could
reach ~ 1 million bulbs
Al, Steel, Mg industry, grain refinement
Ce, La , mischmetal
Huge growth
rate
Screens brighteners
(cell phone,
computers, TV screen)
Eu
mostly imported
Huge growing market
Other magnets
Pr, Sm, Gd
mostly imported
Computer hard
disks, microphones

CHAPTER 3
COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE
On August 18, 1950 Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) was incorporated as a private limited company jointly owned by the govt. of India and Govt. of Travancore, Cochin with the primary intention of taking up commercial scale processing of monazite sand at its first unit namely Rare Earths Division (RED) Aluva and Kerala for the recovery of thorium.
After becoming a full-fledged central govt. undertaking in 1963 under the administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), IREL took over a number of private companies engaged in mining and separation of beach sand minerals in southern part of the country and established two more divisions one at Chavara, Kerala and other at Manavalakurichi(MK), Tamilnadu.
After a gap of 20 years IREL commissioned its largest division called Orissa Sand Complex (OSCOM) at Chatrapur, Orissa. Today IREL operates these four units with corporate office in Mumbai and produces/ sells six heavy minerals namely Ilmenite, Rutile, Zircon, Monazite, Sillimanite and Garnet as well as various value added products IREL is making profit for the last 6 years with its sales turnover reaching a peak exceeding Rs: 2600 million in 2000-01, with export component of above Rs: 1000 million.
Chavara plant is engaged in the processing of beach deposits available on the coastal belt of Neendakara- Kayamkulam
HISTORY OF THE ORGANISATION
IREL’s history should not be narrated without mentioning the name of the Germen chemist Mr. Herr Schomberg who has realised that the shining yellowish brown

particles sticking to coir, a coconut fiber shipped from India (1909) contained Monazite.
This sparkled the discovery of vast deposit of monazite a rich source of rare earths a group of elements with a wide variety of uses in industry and science. A few plants were operating at Chavara and Manavalakurichi for the separation of monazite.
1948:- The govt. of India setup atomic energy commission under the chairmanship of Dr: HomiBhabha. The export of Monazite was stopped and the possibility of setting up a facility to process the beach sand mineral for the production of Rare Earths was examined.
1950:- IREL was incorporated at Bombay
1951:- IREL become the full-fledged govt. undertaking under the Department of Atomic Energy and commissioned construction of its rare earths plants at Udyogamandal in Kerala.
1952:- Rare earth plant was dedicated to the nation on Dec 24 by the Jawaharlal Nehru.
1955:- Opening Thorium factory of Bombay.
1965:- Opening mineral division at Kollam in Kerala state with manufacturing facilities at Chavara in Kerala and Manavalakurichi in Tamilnadu and a giant mineral sand separation and synthetic Rutile plant at Chatrapur in Orissa.
VISION OF IREL
1. To be a leading supplier of beach sand minerals from Asia by supplying 10% of the world demand for beach sand minerals over the next 7-10 years. It would be achieving by maximum utilisation of existing capacities, new capacity addition, capturing major portion of the incremental growth in the global TiO2 feedstock demand and by developing competitive value added Rutile, Zircon, Sillimanite and Garnet products that make handsome contribution to revenue and profits.

2. To become the preferred rare earths products supplier (Producer and/ or Marketer) for domestic customers to ensure long term sentences and profitability of rare earths business and to achieve adequate efficiency in monazite processing as long as it is necessary / worthwhile.
MISSION OF IREL
1. To harness beach sands in an environmentally and socially responsible manner for efficiently producing minerals and their traditional and innovative value added products of world class quality that are used to make increasingly superior/ novel products required by customers.
2. To play a dominant role in developing domestic rare earths market by producing and/ or marketing the quality value added products to realise maximum potential or rare earths in a range of applications.
3. To build a professional, creative and committed workforce and nurture an environment that fosters learning, sharing and development.
OBJECTIVES OF IREL
 To become nationally and globally competitive player in beach sand minerals.
 To improve productivity, capacity utilization and cost effectiveness.
 To maximise shareholders value.
 To strive for optimum value addition through obtaining technology for improving international market share and growth in domestic market.
 To undertake by itself or through independent expert agencies , investigation into new products as well as beach sand erosion and related phenomena of company’s operation.
 To evolve and implement eco-friendly policies, programmes and projects within the AERD regulation.

 To develop the human resources of the company by optimising their number, capabilities and quality of life
 To strengthen R&D for achieving the above mentioned objectives
QUALITY POLICY
IREL is committed to provide products of consistent quality to their satisfaction of the customers through Quality Management Systems (QMS) implementation.
TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE
IREL uses state of art technology in mining and mineral processing. The rich experience and professional expertise of people who are one among the best in the industry and strict compliances to quality standards has enabled IREL to remain as the leading supplier of heavy minerals to the nation and abroad. IREL is always been driven by innovation and sound manufacturing practices, be it in product, technology or process.

CHAPTER 4
PRODUCT PROFILE

PRODUCT PROFILE
Product means to the goods and services combination the company offers to the target market.
Product
Specification
Specific Gravity
Density
Packaging
Ilmenite
TiO2 - 58%
4.45- 4.54
2600- 2630
In bulk HLP bags with Polithine liner
Rutile Q Grade
TiO2 - 95%
4.18-4.24
2630-2650
In bulk 50kg HLP bags with Polithine liner
Zircon Special Grade
ZrO2 - 58%
4.60-4.70
2900-3000
In bulk 50kg HLP bags with Politine liner
Sillimanite Q Grade
Al2O3
3.20-3.25
1950-2050
50kg jute bags
Zirflour
ZrO2- 64%
-
1800-1850
50kg laminated HLP bags with Polithine liner
Microzir
ZrO2- 63.5%
-
-
Liner 20kg laminated Polithine bags
Table:4.1

Products
Uses
Ilmenite
Manufacturing of TiO2 pigment synthetic Rutile and Titanium slag
Rutile
Fluxes for welding electrodes
Zircon sand
Ceramics, Refractories and foundries.
Zircon Flour
Ceramics and foundries.
Microzir
Pacifier in Ceramics
Sillimanite
Refractories
Garnet
Abrasive for sand blasting, water jet cutting and glass polishing.
Monazite
Raw material for production of Rare earth Component
Composite RE Chloride
Catalyst, Paint driers, basic raw material for Misc. metal which used as lighter frint& mantles.
Thorium Nitrate
Gas Mantles
TABLE:4.2

CHAPTER 5
CUSTOMER PROFILE

CUSTOMER PROFILE
Prime customers of the major products of the company are the following:-
A. ILLMENITE:-
1 KOCHIN MINERALS AND RUTILE LTD. KOCHI.
2 DCW LTD. TUTICORN.
3 TRAVANCORE TITANIUM PRODUCTS LTD.
4 KILBURN CHEMICALS LTD. TUTICORN.
5 KOLMAK CHEMICALS LTD. KOLKOTA.
B. RUTILE:-
1 ESAB INDIA LTD, CHENNAI/ KHARDAH.
2 ADOR WELDING LTD., MUMBAI/CHENNAI.
3 D & H SECHERON ELECTRONICS (I) LTD., INDORE
4 MARUTHI WELD LTD., GURGAON.
5 ROYAL ARC ELECTRODES PVT. LTD.VASAI, THANNE DIST.
C. ZIRCON:-
1. THIRUPATHI MICROTECH (P) LTD., UDAIPUR.
2. RUBY CERAMICS PVT LTD., PUNE.
3. ASTRON CERA, SALAL DIST, SABARKANTHA.
4. JOHNSON MATTHAEY CERAMICS INDIA LTD, HOSUR, TN
5. FOUR FIELD, PUNE.
D. ZIRFLOUR:-
1. FOSECO INDIA LTD., PUNE.
2. VIDEOCON NARMADA GLASS, BHARUCH.
3. H & R JOHNSON (I) LTD., MUMBAI.
4. NAHAR COLOUR & COATING LTD., UDAIPUR
5. BHANU CERGLAZE P.LTD.

E. SILLIMANITE:-
1. MAITHAN CERAMICS PVT. LTD., CHIRKUNDA, JHARKHAND
2. MANISHRI REFRACTORIES, CUTTACK.
3. ASSOCIATED CERAMICS, CHIRKUNDA, JHARKHAND.
4. TATA REFRACTORIES, BELPAHAR, ORISSA.
5. ASSOCIATED CEMENT COMPANIES LTD., NAGPUR/KATNI.
F. RARE EARTHS CHLORIDE:-
1. CIBA SPECIALITY CHEMICALS, UDYOG NAGAR, GUJRAT.
2. DHIRAJ INTERMEDIARIES P LTD., VAPI, GUJRAT.
3. RAVESHIA PIGMENTS LTD., VAPI, GUJRAT.
4. ANUPAM COLOURS, VAPI, GUJRAT.
5. BERGER PAINTS INDIA LTD., VAPI, GUJRAT.
G. THORIUM NITATE:-
1. FARGO MANTLE PRODUCTS LTD., MUMBAI.
2. MAKANI PRODUCTS LTD., MUMBAI.
3. B.K SHAW INDUSTRIES (P) LTD., KOLKATA.
4. A.D.C MANTLE MANUFACTURING CO., MUMBAI.
5. ELITE INDUSTRIES, MUMBAI.

CHAPTER 6
FUNCTIONAL AREAS

DEPARTMENTS
I. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT:-
IREL Chavara takes place it’s highly motivated and trained human resource that has maximised its performance and their by its growth and profit. Morale of the employees remains facilitating smooth working of the company. Skill requirement related to different disciplines are identified and training programs and workshops are efficiency of the human resource.
Fig:6.1
HR department lead by HOD & Section Head to assist him. The Security Department and Time Office are working under the HOD of HR Department.Executives & Personnels are working under section head of HRM.People are the most important resources of an organization.
The main functions of HR Department are:-
1. Administration
2. Industrial Relations
3. Training and Employee Welfare
4. Time Management
1. ADMINISTRATION
The administrative functions of HR department include
a) Manpower planning
b) Recruitment policy
HOD(HRM)
SECTION HEAD(HRM)
HRM Executives
HRM Personnel

c) Performance appraisal
d) Salary and wages administration
e) Industrial discipline
f) Maintaining service book and personnel file
g) Maintaining reservation register
a) Manpower Planning:-
Manpower Planning is important for any type of organisation. It is the process which determines how an organisation should move from its current manpower position to its desired manpower position. For this purpose, the HR department at IRE collects feedback from all department inorder to identify their manpower requirements of various departments and then the HR department crosscheck whether there is any overstaffing in any of the departments. If these departments have excess of staff, they are transferred to those departments where there is a shortage.
The company considers the number of employees presently as significantly high. There is a problem that sometime the VRS can lead to scarcity to workers for particular job. At IREL using the process of multitasking the employees are made fit to work in other function also. By the VRS scheme more than 100 employees have been sent out within span of 3 years.

Manpower of the company
There are 386 employees in the company. Total executives are 102 and workmen are 284.The number of contract workers are 632.
Details showed as below.
Manpower strength
MALE
FEMALE
TOTAL
EXECUTIVES
86
16
102
WORKMEN
260
24
284
TOTAL
346
40
386
Table:6.1
CONTRACT WORKERS
LOADING
35
CIVIL
42
MINING
120
BAGGING
110
CANTEEN
12
TOTAL
319
Table:6.2
b) Recruitment policy:-
Recruitment in Chavara Plant is done through local employment exchange for find out prospective workers. The office staffs and managers are recruited by the Head Office through tests and Interviews.
Recruitment Criteria
For the recruitment of candidates, the candidates should be above 18 years of age.

The following steps are taken before the recruitment of employees. They are govt. guidelines, the recruitment only through employment exchange, notification in internet and advertisement in newspaper should be needed. Application will be scrutinised with the help of a selection committee and eligible candidates are called for an interview.
Selection:-
The steps followed in the selection process are;
1. Inviting and receiving applications
2. Scrutinizing the applications
3. Selection Test: - The selection tests of employees are
a) Aptitude Test
b) Personality Test
c) Achievement Test
d) Trade Test
Appointment will be based on certain criteria’s like they are medically tested after that induction training should be given. After training for a period of one year or more they will be put as permanent employees.
c) Performance Appraisal:-
Appraisal is the evaluation of work quality or merit. In the case of IRE performance appraisal is a systematic evaluation of employees by supervisors or other familiar with their performance.
1) Straight ranking method:-
Under this method men as a whole are compares from other men and ranked on the basis of overall performance.
2) Grading method:-
Under this method certain categories of work such as excellent, very good, average, poor, very poor are established and defined actual performance of each employee then compared with the grade definitions and ranked to evaluate the performance of the employees. Last grade employees that are 8th& 9th grade, their work performance have been observed by supervisors. But in the case of executives MBO’s are observed their

performance and efficiency.
In IRE performance appraisal is done on a yearly basis to assess the performance of the employees. The appraisal is done by three persons.
1. Reporting Officer.
2. Reviewing Officer.
3. Evaluating Officer.
Firstly the employees themselves do an appraisal and this is given to the reporting officer and the person who has done the Key Appraisal together identifies the Key Result Areas and weightage is allotted to each one of them. This is usually done at the beginning of the year. The reporting officer checks whether the result areas set where met by the appraisal or if there any deviation from it. And this is to be sent to reviewing officer and then evaluating officer. Various other factors such as the appraiser’s managerial skills like job knowledge, interpersonal skills are also included and guided and that is allotted in the appraisal and there promotion is based solely seniority.
Promotion:
In IREL promotion is given seniority based or based on experience. Promotion is a transfer of an employee to a job that pay more money or that enjoys some preferred status. Sometimes the company is considering the length of the service, education, training courses completed, previous work history etc. Sometimes the company is also considered ability, hard work, co-operation, honesty etc.
Condition for getting Promotion:-
1. Average leave should not exist more than 15 days.
2. Any disciplinary actions should not be taken during the service of periods.
3. Should not apply for job in any other organisation.
d) Salary and Wages Administration:-
Wages in the widest sense means any economic compensation paid by the employer under some contract to his workers for the service rendered by them.
Acts Followed:
1. Workmen Compensation Act 1923 Sec 2(m).

2. Payment of Wages Act 1936 Sec 2 (VI)
3. Payment of Wages Act 1948
PAY SCALE
The monthly remuneration received by each of the employees including system of compensation.
FOR WORKMEN
Scale of Pay:-
Grade
Scale of Pay
W - I
Rs: 8340-23470
W - II
Rs: 8440-23750
W - III
Rs: 8550-24060
W - VI
Rs: 8670-24400
W - V
Rs: 8800-24770
W - VI
Rs: 8940-25160
W - VII
Rs: 9090-25580
W - VIII
Rs: 9250-26030
W - XI
Rs: 9420-28968
Table:6.3
FOR OFFICERS
code
Designation
Pay Scale
E-0
Deputy Officer
12600-32500
E-1
Officer
16400-40500
E-2
Senior Officer
20600-46500
E-3
Deputy Manager
24900-50500
E-4
Manager
29100-54500
E-5
Senior Manager
32900-58000
E-6
Deputy General Manager
36600-62000
E-7
General Manager
43200-66000
E-8
Chief General Manager
51300-73000

e) Industrial Discipline:-
Disciplinary actions are taken in the HR department. Procedure for disciplinary actions is on receiving a complaint about a particular employee, explanation is asked. Employee will give an explanation before 15 days. If the explanation is not satisfactory he will be given a charge sheet and will also conduct a domestic enquiry. For this purpose an enquiry officer is placed. After conducting the enquiry the report should be sent to the disciplinary committee and if necessary certain punishment may also give.
2. INDUSTRIAL RELATION
Most of the disputes will be settled by the company and trade unions. If it is not cleared, they can approach to the government. The Trade Unions active in IRE are:-
1. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)
2. Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
3. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
4. Travancore Mineral Workers Union (UTUC (B))
5. Indian Employees Rare Earth Federation (CITU)
6. Indian Rare Earth Mazdoor (BMS)
These are the recognised unions. There are some criteria for recognizing a union; the union will have 15% of employees as their members. Also some participative forum is present; they are plants committee, safety committee and House building committee. These committees will have the equal participation.
3. TRAINING & EMPLOYEE WELFARE
Training and Development:-
“Training is the act of increasing the knowledge and skills of an employee for during a particular job”. Indian Rare Earth Ltd adopted various techniques of training for increasing the mass productivity. The training program is restructured regularly in IRE. The objective of training and development in IRE

1. Increase the efficiency
2. Increase the moral of the people
3. Reduce the absenteeism
Procedure for Training
1. Identifying the training needs.
The company identifies the training needs through 3 ways: -
a. Organisation Analysis
b. Task Analysis
c. Man Analysis
2 Executives themselves will discuss the training needs
3 Charting out the training plan for a period
4 Based on feedback individual training is given
Training Methods
IRE has mainly four types of training methods.
1. In-house Training
2. External Training
3. Vocational raining
4. First Aid Training
The training method can be grouped on the basis of level of personnel in the organisation.
1. In-house Training: - Otherwise known as on the job training. In this method expert from outside come to the organisation and give training.
2. External Training: - Also known as off job training is given outside the organisation.
3. Vocational Training: - At least 20% of the employees should be trained every year.
4. First Aid Training: - 30 people in one batch and give them training.

Employees Welfare:-
Two types of employee’s welfare are present in IREL. They are;
1. Statutory welfare and
2. Non Statutory Welfare
Gratuity, Provident Fund, Pension, Canteen, Medical Allowance is included in the statutory welfare. Festival Allowance, LTC, Recreation, Tour Facilities are included in the no statutory welfare. Also the IREL give some kind of allowances. They are;
Shift Allowance
For employees working in shifts expect general shifts will get anallowance as follows
1st Shift (6 am to 2 pm) -Rs: 25/day
2nd Shift (2 pm to 10 pm) -Rs: 15/day
3rd Shift (10 pm to 6 am) -Rs: 35/day
Hard Shift Allowance
Since the plant handles sand for its production, it creates a dust in the atmosphere. Considering this hardship in work every employees of Chavara plant gets Rs: 135/-month as hardship allowance.
Uniform Allowance
Every employee is provided with two pairs of uniform in every year. Rs: 100/ month as washing allowances is granted for all employees.
Transportation Allowance
Every employee (except officers) gets Rs: 1200/- per month as conveyance allowance. Officers will get 10% of their basic pay as their Transportation Allowance.
Canteen
A round the clock canteen is provided for the employees. Company will charge Rs: 6/day from each employee. The canteen is under the control of company.
Attendance Bonus
To increase attendance in the company gives annual bonus of 12 days wages for every employee who have minimum 268 days presents.

Production Incentives
Every employee gets an amount of Rs: 525/ year as Production Incentive from the profit.
Leave facilities available in IRE
Casual Leave -
15 days/ year
Sick Leave
-
10/year (workers)
10 full/20 half (Officers)
Earned Leave -
33 days (It can be maximum of 240 days)
Surrender Leave -
Each employee can surrender maximum 90
Days/year or 75% of earned leave.
Other Benefits
 750 ml milk/ day 4
 pears soap/month
 One Turkey or Towel/year
 Shoes (1 pair)/ year
 One Umbrella/year
 House loan up to 7.5 Lakhs
 Medical Facilities
 Educational Allowances to workers children
 Festival Allowance
 Group Insurance Scheme
 Holiday Facility Leave Travel Concession (LTC)
4. TIME OFFICE
There is a full-fledged office headed by Deputy administrative officer. It follows a punch card system. Different allowances of employees are given and it is mainly depend on attendance. It is providing according to the report from the time office. The time office is working under the HRM department. The main function of this department is to maintain attendance records, leave and service records etc. The various allowances, attendance

bonus all these records are maintained by the time office department. Also yearly attendance bonus is given to the employees.
Attendance of 265 days/ year -12 day’s salary
Structure of the time office as follows;
Fig:6.1.1
For recording attendance punching system followed here. The attendance register usually keep in time office. The time office collects attendance from concerned authority also and match with the punching system and avoiding swapping. Time office has three centers for punching in convenience of employees. In mining area, in dredging plant also keep mechanical punching machine. For the purpose of salaries the time office is sending the records to the finance department. If the finance department asks for any clarification they will do it.
HOD(HRM)
SECTION HEAD(TIME OFFICE)
TIME OFFICE(PERSONNEL)

TRANSFER POLICIES OF IREL, CHAVARA
Transfer is the movement of an employee from one job to another without involving any substantial change in his duties, responsibilities. The company is following 4 methods.
1. Production Transfer:-
When a particular department or job is faced with the pressure of works, its strength may supplement through from other departments. Such transfers are generally made where any department is overstaffed and other is short of manpower.
2. Replacement Transfer:-
A replacement transfer is the transfer of a senior employee to replace with a junior employee or new one.
3. Shift Transfer:-
When units in shifts,employees are transferred from oneshift to another on similar job.
4. Department Transfer:-
Transfer from one department to another within the plant or within the organisation.

MINING DEPARTMENT
In IRE the raw materials for production process are collected through mining process. The production process starts with the collection of beach sand from various places. For collecting this beach sand IRE uses the following two methods: Sea Washing and Dredging.
SEA WASHING
Raw sand is collected from sites where deposits are occurred due to natural beach washing. Presently IRE owns two sites one at Vellanathuruthu/Ponmana and one at 132 mining area. There is a heavy mineral deposit over a length of 22.5 Km. They are found over or coastal belt having an average width of 800 meters. The sea waves deposits the minerals sand on the beach line and it is collected. Then it is send to the mineral separation plant.
DREDGING
The plant DWUP used for the mechanised recovery of minerals from the beach sand. The DWUP consist of a floating dredging plant operating hydraulically and electrically which could be moved from one place to another based on the requirement. The plant is floating in an area having a water depth of 6 meters. The sand along with water in the form of slurry (a mixture of sand and water) is pumped to the heavy Upgradation equipments. The equipment consist of a series of transfer bin rotating screens called Trommer, Spiral Separators, Hydro cyclones, pumps etc all being electrically operated. The DWUP can dredge about 40 to 60 tons per hour. The raw sand having an average at 40% heavy minerals is fed to the floating plant and updates it to 85 to 90% mineral content. The waste sand (Quarts) from DWUP is usedfor backfill the dredged area.

DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – MINING
Fig:6.2

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT
The act of making goods and services is called production. In everyday speech ‘Production’ refers to the act of creating something production involves the physical conversion of raw materials into tangible goods.
In IRE raw sand is collected through mining process .The sand is filtered through spirals, cones and jigs to produce a bulk concentration of heavy drying, screening, electromagnetic and electrostatic processes and used for separation. Minerals found in coastal areas are collected either manually or mechanical means, productions starts from the mining process.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – PRODUCTION
Fig:6.3

MINING PROCESS
The mining and processing of beach sand are achieved with a good mixture of modern mechanical devices and manual labour. Beach sand is collected from the surface of a depth of a meter with the help of dredgers. For a processing of beach sands, the difference in electric conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific gravity of their constituents are taken into consideration. The beach sand is treated by well gravity methods using spiral, cones and jigs to produce minerals.
IRE collects raw sand in two different ways:
1. Sea washing or beach washing
2. Mechanical dredging
MINERAL RECOVERY PLANT
The mineral recovery plant consists of a floating dredging plant which could be moved from one area to another. This is called floating mineral recovery plant. The plant is placed in an area which has a water depth of 9 meters. The sand along with water is sucked into the main unit. First the mixture is send to a storage tank called Trammel. Then it is sending for separation. The waste sand and some quantity of water is pumped out. The mineral content is pumped from the MRP to concentrate Upgradation plant. The MRP dredges about 40-60 tones per shift.
CONCENTRATE UPGRADING PLANT (CUP)
The raw sand collected from different sources had different composition. They are further upgraded using the CUP. In the Concentrate Upgrading Plant enriches the concentrate from various sources to above 90% heavy minerals using spiral separators making use of gravity techniques.
MINERAL SEPARATION PLANT (MSP)
In the mineral separation plant individual minerals are separated making use of the following four properties of the minerals namely

1) Electrical conductivity
Electrostatic separation is used in electrical conductivity.
2) Magnetic Susceptibility
High and low intensity magnetic separators used.
3) Density Difference
Floater separation
4) Surface Property
Froth floatation.
The concentrate from concentrate upgrading plant (CUP) having uniform composition with above 90% heavy minerals content is dried using Fluidised Bed Drier (FBD). This is then subjected to electrostatic separation using different type of electrostatic separators. There by it is separated into two fractions namely conducting and non- conducting fractions.
PRODUCTION CAPACITY OF CHAVARA PLANT
Ilmenite
200000 tones
Rutile
114500 tones
Zircon
11750 tones
Sillimanite
10000 tones
Zir flour & Microzir
6000,300 tones
Table:6.4

ILMENITE: - Mainly used in the manufacture of Titanium dioxide, a white pigment by sulphate process also used in the production of synthetic Rutile and for the production of Ferro Titanium products.
RUTILE: - Rutile used for coating of welding electrodes and also for the production of Titanium dioxide pigment by the chloride process and for the production of Titanium Tetra Chloride for the production of Titanium metal and sponge.
SILLIMANITE: - Sillimanite mainly used in the manufacture of high temperature refractory. It is also used in ceramic industry.
ZIRCON: - Zircon is used in foundries, ceramics and refractory. It is also used in the manufacture of zirconium chemicals, metals, alloys etc.
ZIRCON FLOUR: - Zircon flour is used in foundries for high temperature castings.
MONAZITE: - Monazite is used for the production of Thorium and rare earth’s base products.

PRODUCTION PROCESS
Fig:6.4

QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT
IREL Chavara has got ISO 9001: 2000 Quality Systems established for mining, manufacturing and mineral products.
One of the primary functions of the quality control department is to ensure quality products according to customer requirements. They harness beach sand in environmentally responsible manner to produce minerals and innovative value added products, which are used to make novel products required by customers.
Secondly, they are responsible for maintaining consistant quality of products to the satisfaction of the customers through quality management system implementation. They also aim at further improvement of product, technology or process.
The quality control department is also responsible for maintaining consistency in quality of raw materials during the processing, intermediate and finished product stages. They make use of chemical and mineralogical testing methods in each stage.
In addition to these functions this department also conducts research and development activities to support flow shed development work and for solution to process related problems.

DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – QUALITY CONTROL
Fig:6.5
FUNCTIONS
 To ensure that raw materials, in process and finished products confirms to specified requirements holding compliance with environment , health and safety requirements.
 Ensuring compliance to health, safety and environmental requirements.
INSPECTION AND TESTING PROCESS DETAILS
Raw Sand:-
1) The DWUP and HUP output and tailing are tested for total heavy mineral content as detailed in quality plan
2) The raw sand feed to the QIL plant ie the dried HUP output is analysed as per quality plan.
3) The raw sand being naturally occurring, the specifications are only desirable values. The variations in quality of raw sand do not affect the quality of final products. So no reduction of raw sand is resorted to, even if the analysis results are not as for the quality plan.
HOD(QC)
SH(Q C)
Q C EXECUTIVCES
Q C EXECUTIVES

4) These tests are carried out only to make proper adjustments of the process parameters to set the final product of specified quality.
In-Process Inspection
In-process inspection of certain intermediate fraction as detailed in the quality plan is carried out as per quality plan. These process fractions are not rejectedeven if the analysis results do not confirm the desireable specifications. The inspection is only for subsequent adjustments in the process parameters.
Finished Products:-
1) The products under tests are identified by a yellow board indicating the date, shift and number of bags. Those products passed the tests are identified by a green board indicating date, shift and number of bags and rejected are identified as red board indicating “FOR REWORK”.
2) Inspection and testing of finished products are carried out and records in the respective record as per quality plan. Only products confirming to the quality as detailed in the respective quality plan are taken in to stock. Rejected products are maintained with authorisation of HOD (Q.C). Inspection and test record clearly indicate whether the product is accepted or rejected.

STORES AND DESPATCH DEPARTMENT
The stores act as a store and supply chain, keeping inventory of the product produced on the hand and supplying requisite raw materials to the manifold department on the other hand.
All the items in6 the IRE properly stored by this function area, including finished product inventory. It stores furnace oil, machine parts, office equipment and stationary etc.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – STORES & DESPATCH
Fig:6.6
Stores fall under two categories
1. Capital Items
2. Consumable Items
Capital items, which give return for long term revenue items or a consumable item means that which are consumable only for a short period.
HOD(S&D)
SH(S&D)
S&D EXECUTIVCES
S&D EXECUTIVES

Procurement of items of capital nature is to be made only after the approval by the competent authority duly verified by internal auditors with prior conclusion in the capital budget.
Stores action is responsible for arranging procurement of all items or purchase requisitions shall from the basis for arranging procurement or other departments, complete in all respects and duly approved by the controlled authority. Stores are purchased indigenously and from foreign suppliers through the adoption it secure the most competitive tendering system is adopted to secure the most competitive tendering, the most competitive rates and eliminate chance of favour.
The worth of production in the plant is currently between 6-7 Crores. Once in every 3 months inventory statistics is prepared and send to the head office in Mumbai. Stores follow Bin card and Cardex System. This department has three major functions as follows.
RECEIPT:
The consignment items are properly verified with the receipts and requested the particular department to made inspection on each items.
STORAGE:
The received items are stored in proper locations and preserve them until the issue. Each item has its own Bin card. The quantity received, material issued, total remaining are noted in the Bin cards.
ISSUE:-
The issue made in first in first out method. After the receipt of the material internal note from the department, the issues are made and same is recorded in the Bin card.
INVENTORY CONTROLE
Under the stores department the inventory control function is done. If excess stock is obtained, it is properly informed to the marketing department to promote sales and if any shortage obtained it is properly informed to production department to increase the

production. Usually ABC inventory control methods is adopted in IRE Chavara for control of inventories. The principle types of inventories are:
 Raw Material & Supply
 Goods in Progress that is work in progress Finished Goods
For reduction of inventories four steps are taken in the Stores and Despatch Department. They are doing computerization, codification, standardization and value addition. All the process in stores departments are computerised and inventory management software is used for this purpose. Coding is given to all inventories. For this, alphanumerical code is used. Material coding is help to realise what kind of inventories are stored. And location coding helps to find out where it is stored. By the use of standardisation, physical verification of inventories are to be done and to be check whether the invoice number and purchase order are equal.
DESPATCH SECTION
Despatch Section controls the transportation of the finished products o the outside company. When a customer made a complete settlement of money for purchasing of a particular product from the company the marketing department placed a delivery order to the despatch department. The despatch department then prepares an invoice and gave a copy to the customer. This department also prepares gate pass and state government declaration sheet.

INTERNAL AUDIT DEPARTMENT
Chief General Manager is directly looking after the functioning of Internal Audit Department. Manager (Internal Audit) is the head of the department. There are internal audit officers and administrative officers other than accountants and clerks working in this department.
Internal audit department is not regular department in many of the companies. But in IREL this department is holding special privilege of auditing in to every accounting matters of IREL. It is functioning in accordance with finance department. It is necessary to get audit approved from internal audit department for the finalisation of anything concerned to accounts. The company management is approving all other accounts in the recommendation of this department.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – INTERNAL AUDIT
Fig:6.7
FUNCTIONS
 Auditing all the financial transactions of the company.
 Taking corrective measures to rectify audit objections.
 Making report to Chief General Manager and Board of Directors.
 Make sure that every deeds of finance department is in accordance with the accounting policies of the companies.
 To participate in the functioning of store purchase committee.
 To check the legal validity of the financial matters of projects committed by IRE Ltd.
MANAGER
INTERNAL AUDIT OFFICER
PERSONNEL

All the relevant policies of the company are as the basic policies of this department. Internal Audit Department is auditing the accounts quarterly and sending report to Chief General Manager regularly.
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
The company has a well-equipped Research and Development facilities to support flow sheet development works and for solutions to process related problems. The laboratory is equipped with lab models of Magnetic Separator, High Tension Separators, Wet Shaking Tables and Froth Floatation Equipment etc.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Fig:6.8
FUNCTIONS
 New product development.
 New compound development.
 Selection & Evaluation of alternative method.
 Testing of new products.
 To analysis and assist plants in problem solving.
 Ensure quality of raw materials and finished products.
 Maintain Quality.
 Research & Development attempts.

PROJECT & MAINTANANCE DEPARTMENT
This section is looking after the projects and maintenance of technological aspects of affairs of the company. This is a section in which mechanical experts are working on different projects. This section takes over the responsibility of various projects taken up by IRE Ltd management. They are making efforts to expand the area of performance of the company.
FUNCTIONS
 To carry out preventive Maintenance to ensure continuous capability and to attend breakdown maintenance if any.
 Projects on mining area of IREL.
 Projects on technological development.
 Project on quality assurance.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – PROJECT & MAINTANANCE DEPARTMENT
Fig:6.9

MARKETING & SALES DEPARTMENT
Marketing is a social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and wants through creating, offering and freely exchanging products and services of value with others. It is the art of selling products. Marketing department is functioning under the control of General Manager of marketing department.
Marketing occupies an important position in the organisation of any business unit. Marketing functions are not limited to the function of buying and selling but storage, risk bearing and after sales services etc. marketing is a vital connection link between the producer and customer.
The marketing section in the IRE is under the direct control of chief General Manager and this section is headed by the deputy General Manager in his job. The marketing activities in the company are indirectly linked with the sales section.
IRE has the monopoly in the field of rare earth products. IRE Ltd, Chavara is engaged in the production of minerals such as Illuminate, Rutile, Zircon, Sillimanite, and Brown Illuminate from naturally available beach sand products. It also produces value added products like Zirflour, Microzir. On specific requirements of customers the company also supplies Sillimanite powder by subcontracting. Among these Illuminate, Rutile, Zircon, Brown Illuminate are categorized as “Scheduled Minerals” for which the customer is required to obtain license from the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) Mumbai for their purchase.
Off late, more stress was given as the marketing activities of IRE, by the company, because of competition, which is growing in the international market and also in Indian market. A new era has been put up in the company for this purpose.
The bye products of IRE are Zirflour and Monazite. They are mainly purchase by the Kundara ceramics for the manufacturing of ceramics. The main customers of IRE are the Government of India and other private company. The main foreign customers are USA, Canada, UK, France, West Germany, Japan etc.

OBJECTIVES OF MARKETING DEPARTMENT
 Maximum turnover Maximum profit
 Maximum customer satisfaction
 Maximum customer relationship
The chief General Manager of IRE is having the control of topmost level in marketing department of this unit. There are four superintendents and a clerk engaged in the sales department. IRE Ltd is working under the administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy. The head office does the pricing of products. The customers of IRE Ltd are mainly heavy industries like plant, glass, refineries, ceramics etc for bulk purchases customer and provided discount.
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Here the organisation has been enjoying monopoly. That’s the reason why they don’t want to make a distribution network. Direct selling is the main system of organisation. The customer primarily pays the full amount as demand draft (DD) in advance and then the company gives the products.
For domestic sales, order are received as
 Through head office
 Directly from the customers
 Transferred from the units of IRE
All (except Zirflour, Microzir and Sillimanite powder) are dispatched against permits obtained after payment of prescribed royalty by IRE in advance to the department if mining and geology, government of Kerala.
Starting with general condition for sales, majority of the customers place orders directly with Chavara. Sometimes head office also fixes quota customers wise if necessary, for the supply of minerals and intimates time to time. If all the formalities are completed delivery instructions are given by the sales department to stores for delivery of the materials to the customers.
Exporting
Exporting contract between the seller (IRE) and the buyer (customer) is finalized at

the head office and intimates Chavara regarding the export contract along with the copies of agreement, purchase order, proposed loading schedule and many other specific instructions for the execution of the order. Chavara sends samples and product specification to the customer if required by head office/ buyer.
Exporting carried out through Neendakara but now its through Cochin port (Bagged Cargo only) shipment through Cochin port is done by C&S agents appointed by seller.
Pricing
Pricing is a very crucial decision in marketing management. The objective of the firm is to get maximum profit. This depends upon the correct decision in pricing. Pricing refers to the process of fixing the price (money value) of a product or service; pricing is an important function in marketing because it determines the sales volume and the amount of profit. A product is acceptable to the customer when it is reasonable priced. A sound pricing policy helps to satisfy customers and to yield profit. Determination of price is influenced by large number of factors such as cost of production, degree of competition, nature of the product, pricing objectives and policies of the firm etc.
Samples to the customers
Samples are sending to the customers on their request or as per the instructions from the head office for their evaluation of sustainability for their requirements. Free samples are send to the customers as per the following procedures.
Up to 500 Gms: head of the department (marketing) intimates section head (QC) to preparesamples of required quantity along with the gate pass.
501 Gms to 1 kg: head of the department (marketing) prior approval from the unit head andfollows the above procedures.
Above 1 kg: head office approval with information to unit head and follows the above procedure.
The sales department maintains the following records
 Contract review checklist for domestic sale
 Government of Kerala department of mining and geology and advance remittance and corresponding permit register.

 Quotations
 Performa invoice
 Payment registers
 DAE license register
 Priority registers
 Delivery registers
 Sales register
 Shipping register
 Daily statement of production , sales and dispatch
 Quarterly statement regarding export
 Monthly report to cabinet
 Production, sale and stock of minerals (monthly)
 Performa for submitting quarterly export performance to federation of Indian exportOrganization
 COB license
 Bank receipt voucher
 Cash receipts
 DD register
 Gate pass

FINANCE DEPARTMENT
Business finance is concerned with the acquisition and utilization of funds required to meet the financial needs of a business enterprise. Financing is the process of planning, acquiring, utilizing and controlling the funds used in any kind of business. Finance is the life blood of business. Every enterprise or company requires finance to start the work and grow.
A company generally requires large amount of capital. A public company can raise huge capital through issue of shares. In addition to share capital it can utilize retained profit in the form of reserves. It can raise borrowed capital through denture and loans. Long term loans can be obtained from financial institutions. Short term loans are available from commercial banks.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – FINANCE
Fig:6.10
SOURCES OF A COMPANY
 On the basis of time.
 On the basis of purpose or use.
 On the basis of source of finance.
 On the basis of risk.
Finance refers to money, cash or hand available for the operation of business. Finance may do defined as the requirement of funds wanted. It is the life blood of business activity. The business pulsates with life only through finance. Finance refers to money,
HOD(FINANCE)
SH(FINANCE)
FINANCE EXECUTIVCES
FINANCE EXECUTIVES

cash or hand available for the operation of business. Financial management will include planning, organising, directing and controlling.
The main functions of this department are:-
 To collect all the receipts and make all the payments.
 To record all the transactions and prepare the final accounts.
 Maintain the accounts as per the provisions of the section 20(g) of the Companies Act 1956.
 Provide depreciation at the rate prescribed in schedule 14 of the Companies Act 1956, on a straight line method.
 To account excise duty on goods manufactured when it is dispatched.
 To ascertain the accrued gratuity liability of the company on the date of balance sheet.
 To value finished goods at cost or market price whichever is lower, stock of raw materials, spares and chemicals are valued at weighted average method.
 Treat the claims against the company which are not admitted as contingent liability.
CHIEF GENERAL MANAGER
The finance department is headed by the Chief General Manager (Finance). A Deputy General Manager (Finance) is there to assist the Chief General Manager in the operations of the department. In addition to them the department consists of 3 senior finance officers, 8 deputy officers and attenders.
AUTHORITY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND ROLES:-
AUTHORITY
 Approval of policy, objective and targets.
 Approval of apex manual.
 Defining responsibilities and authority of head of departments, management representatives.
 Authorizing various committees
 Approval training programs of financial commitment.
 Authorization of decision taken at review meeting such as safety and environmental protection committee, environment management customer service and complaint

redeemed and protection meetings.
RESPONSIBILITIES
 Overall responsibility for health and safety of IRE, Chavara unit.
 Claiming the review meetings.
 Responsibility of the head office from time to time.
 Ensuring that unit has organized celebration including those related to health, safety and environment through concerned department.
 Providing resources for the implementation main tenance and continued improvement of management systems (in consultation with HO required).
 Implementation of directives received from HO / statutory agencies.
 Ensuring smooth progress of project (including feedback of HO on the program).
ROLES
 Ensuring smooth day to day functioning organisation through concerned HOD / section head.
 Role as head of the unit in the health, safety and environment related celebration.
 Participation in emergency evaluation (Both mock / actual)
 Compliance to safety related requirements including use of personal protection equipment as a role model for others.

MEDICAL DEPARTMENT:
An effective and efficient medical department is functioning in IREL Chavara. Every family member of the employee is eligible for free attendance and treatment in the dispensary. Cases beyond the scope of the dispensary will be referred to major hospitals which are centered in Kollam and Karunagappally. The whole payment is such cases are done by the company itself. The dispensary is working around the clock.
FUNCTIONS
 To carryout medical examination of employees and their family members.
 Examining compliance to environmental requirements.
Senior Manager (Medical) is the top most authority of the Medical department. Senior Manager is followed by a Section Head/Lady Doctor. The department comprises of two Doctors, three Pharmacists, three Nurses/Compounders, Laboratory Technician and an Ambulance Driver.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE - MEDICAL
Fig:6.11
PROCESS INVOLVED IN MEDICAL DEPARTMENT
1) Out Patient Service:
a) Employees and their departments are provided free medical services. For this each employee has been allotted a personal dispensary file in which name of the dependants are included as per the family card issued by the welfare department. Proper recording of the ailment, investigation and treatment of the

employees and the dependants are entered in the personal dispensary file. Unfit and fit certificate are issued by the medical officers in the prescribed form for availing sick leave and for rejoining the duty after sick leave.
b) Patients who require specialist’s opinion/ detailed investigation are sent to recognised hospitals/govt. hospitals/ approved laboratories with a reference letter. List of approved hospitals/ laboratories as approved by HO is maintained by HOD (Medical). Patients are taken to recognised hospital only with the reference form issued by medical officer. In the absence of company medical officer, patients are issued a temporary reference card valid for one day by the duty Pharmacist/Nurse for immediate admission incase of emergency and within 24 Hrs the reference card issued by the medical officer is to be collected by the employee.
2) Occupational Health Service (OHS):
Pre-employment Medical Examination:-
Normally recruited employees before joining are directed to undergo a medical examination by the medical officer. Medical examination is carried out as per the pre- employment medical examination report. The pre-employment medical examination report is send to the HOD (HRM) for implementing the recommendation of the HOD (Medical).
3) Periodical Medical Examination
In accordance with Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) periodical medical examination for all canteen workers and clarified radiation workers is carried out once in a year and for other radiation workers and other general workers, it is carried out once in five years. Employees aredirected to HOD (Medical) as per the list notified by the Administrative section. These who are exposed to high noise, loss of hearing bent are also conducted and feedback is given to the concerned department.
4) Pre-retirement Medical Examination
Concerned employee is given intimation from administration section at least two months before the date of retirement to carryout pre-retirement medical examination

with a copy to HOD (Medical). Based on this, medical examination is carried out one month before the retirement of every employee and necessary advice is given to the employee for his future health maintenance.
SECURITY DEPARTMENT
Security of the company assets and premises is vested in the hands of the staffs of security department. The department is lead by Security Manager and he is assisted by 6 Head Security Officers and 26 Security Guards.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – SECURITY
Fig:6.12
FUNCTIONS
 To give security to the company and its assets.
 To monitor the entry of employees and visitors.
 According to ISO procedures they maintain the discipline of the employees, their uniform etc.
Two major threats presents in IREL are sabotage and theft. To prevent sabotage there is a control room and it accessible at every time. In case of emergency the systems will automatically shut down and emergency alarm will blow. At that time all the employees are required to assemble in the assembly points. Another security problem faced by IREL is theft. There is no clear boundary wall for the company. This may encourage persons to take away company assets without permission.
HOD(SECURITY)
SH(SECURITY)
SECURITY GUARDS

SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENT
In the present day industrial scenario all the industries had acceptedthe fact that safely improves productivity.IREL Chavara has always been in the forefront in ensuring safety,welfare and better working environment to all its employees. Their safety slogan is“Let everyday be a safe day”
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT
Fig:6.13
MISSION AND POLICY OF THE DEPARTMENT
MISSION
The mission of IREL is to be a major supplier of beach sand minerals and rare earth compounds in the domestic and international market, develop and produce chemicals of strategic importance, value addition with due regard to resources utilization and safety protection.
Consistent with this mission, IREL envisages a safety and environment protection policy that provides a safety working environment to prevent injury and ill health to its employees. It also ensures environmental protection by minimizing environmental input that may arise from its operations and provide appropriate environmental plans to maintain ecological balance and above all recognizes the use for safety culture man organisation to enhance the awareness and commitment of all employees to safety.

POLICY
IREL purpose to update and review the safety policy periodically taking into consideration its industrial experiences advances in the technology and regulatory requirements.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
 IREL Chavara is committed to protect, conserve and improve the environment in which it operates for the continued existence in the business throughout
 Conservation of natural resources
 Minimising pollution
 Compliance to applicable environmental rules and corporate guidelines, periodical health monitoring of employees and creation of environmental awareness among employees, customers and suppliers.
SAFETY GUIDE
IREL Chavara follows strict safety guidelines, which are given in the company’s safety guide. Safety team will update the safety guide as per the requirement to throw more clear light on the processes as well as equipments engaged in the plant, including procedures to ensure the safety of both men and machinery.
There are Do’s and Don’ts enlisted in this guide and this will be quite helpful in averting the slightest possibility of accidents.
SAFETY GUIDELINES
In order to achieve the policy objective certain guidelines are used some of them
are as follows.
CORPORATE LEVEL SAFETY
 An officer of the rank General Manager to co-ordinate at the corporate office all safety environment and training activities of various units and takes necessary steps for effective implementation of this policy.
 GM (S&E) assisted by three senior officers at the head quarters on each of the safety, environment and training.
 The corporate safety setup has been provided with adequate administration /

financial support for coordinating safety policy.
 He liaisons with various outside agencies like Atomic Energy regulatory board SARCOP health, physics division of BARC, DGM of mines safety, ministry of environment and forest etc for fulfilling the statutory requirements.
 He assesses the training needs for various areas and granges for different categories of employees.
 He interacts with safety teams / experts for carrying out safety audit / environment audits and assessment of safety performance for award of shield etc.
UNIT LEVEL SAFETY SETUP
 The head of each unit will be executive director / chief / GM.
 He will be ex-office chairman of the plant level safety and environment protection committee which will review the monthly safety status of the plant.
 He will implement all the applicable statutory provisions of safety and environmental control in the unit.
 He will nominate senior level officer as safety and environmental control officer who will look after the safety and environmental control aspects of the unit.
 He will ensure that operating procedures are followed strictly and technical specifications are not violated.
SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COMMITTEE
 The term of members of the committee will be two years and the committee members will be meeting once in a month.
 The committee will organize safety day / environmental day / fire day and mines safety week annually and hold competition among the employees relating to safety and environment during the celebrations.
 The committee will discuss the measures against the unsafe conditions and

practices in the mine / plant as pointed out in the report of workmen’s inspectors.
 The committee will consider safety and health measures to be taken before commencement of operations of any new electrical / mechanical equipment proposes.
 Summary of minutes of the meeting will be sent to the GM (S&E) regulatory.
STANDING ORDER FOR WORKMEN CONCERNING SAFETY
IREL standing orders for workmen also envisages the safety of the organizationand relevant clauses.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
It is divided into two categories
 Personal protective equipment for the various parts of the body i.e. head, eye, ears, face, hand, arms.
 Respiratory protective equipment required when workers exposed to atmospheric contaminants like dust, fuel, gases and chemicals let off in the air in the dangerous concentration.
PROTECTION EQUIPMENTS USED ARE
 Head protective
 Respiratory protection devices
 Safety belts and lifelines
 Safety shoes
 Dust respirators
 Eyes and face protection
 Ear muffs
 Aprons
 Gloves

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT
The main function of purchase department is procurement of materials at competitive price. All items including real materials other than raw sand are purchased by this department. In IRE Ltd the purchase department had prime importance.
Formalities of purchase
 Float enquiry to the right source
 Scrutinize quotation
 Obtaining approval of the finance department
 Release an order
 Follow up receipt at the store
 Assistance to give payment in time
Formalities of placing an order
 Origination of intent
 Tender enquires
 Opening of tender on the data mentioned
 Analysis of all tender
 Technical evaluation of the tender
 Selection of the best one
 Negotiation with the party needed
 Approval of the selected tender
 Order placing
 Follow up

CIVIL DEPARTMENT
Maintenance has a direct impact on everything that affects the overall health and welfare of the organisation. A sound maintenance strategy should therefore be considered a valuable tool used to assess equipment capability and the continuous improvement efforts of asset performance.
Civil department consist of deputy manager (civil), two deputy officers and the work force. They frequently monitor company structures and maintain them properly. In case of new projects, the base infrastructure has to be erected by this department.
DEPARTMENT STRUCTURE – CIVIL
Fig:6.14

CHAPTER 7
SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGTHS
 Highly skilled managers and experienced workmen having excellent knowledge and experience about mining and production process.
 Constant Upgradation of technology.
 A strong and symbiotic relationship between the top level management and the lower level employees.
 Technological collaboration with the Australian company, ROCHE, one of the largest mineral technology providers in the world.
 Abundance of raw materials in the company premises itself.
 Support from government of India and the department of atomic energy.
 High concern towards the employees and environment.
WEAKNESS
 Mining problem.
 Diminishing supply of raw sand.
 The inability of the management to control effectively, the resistance raised by the local people in resource crises.
 Excess number of civil workers.
 High labour charges.
 Due to monopoly promotional activities are less.
 Decision making process is highly time consuming and complicated.
 Shortage of power

OPPORTUNITIES
 High demand for products.
 Growing demand for Titanium, Zircon, Thorium, Rutile, Ilmenite in international market.
 Faster growth rate of markets in Asian countries where extraction facilities are limited.
 The recent efforts to tie-up with other mining companies like KMML, Chavara
 The favorable state government policies like prohibiting the entry of private companies into the mining sector.
 As a strategically important company it is always backed by the central government.
THREATS
 Entry of private players such as TATA group into the area of black sand mining.
 Over intervention of external political groups in company affairs.
 Fluctuating in the value of currency which adversely affects the export income.
 Increasing transportation cost.
 Protect form environment activists.
 Rapid technological changes in production process.
 Changes in government policies.

CHAPTER 8
PORTERS FIVE FORCE MODEL

RIVALRY BETWEEN SUPPLIERS
 In the current scenario IREL is free from rivalry between suppliers.
 As beach sand is the raw material for IREL, there is no chance to depend external suppliers.
 IREL has a mining area of 20 km from neendakara tokayamkulam, and mining is done by the mining department of IREL.
BARRIERS TO ENTRY/THREAT OF NEW ENTRY
 IREL, incorporated in the year 1950 at Mumbai and chavara plant opened in the year 1970.
 For the last thirty nine years IREL chavara could make its own demand in the industry.
 Q –grade is considered as the first quality in all over the world.hence opening barrier is nil in the case of IREL.
BUYER POWER
Major buyers are
 Cochin minerals & rutile ltd
 Travancore titanium products
 Tum chemicals ltd
 Tuticorinkolmak chemicals ltd,Kolkata
Because of high requirement of heavy minerals for the buyers IREL can maintain the demand of the products above benchmark more and more companies are opened in plastic and paint industry as the result of globalisation .hence buyers policies is less,and it is an advantage for IREL.

SUPPLIER POWER
For IREL ,the supply of raw material is done by its own mining department so the influence external suppliers are nill hence supplier power is favourable to IREL.
THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
RUTILE,ZIRCON,MONAZITE,SILLIMANITE,ILMENITE are the major products of IREL .in these products none of them has substitutes. hence the supplier power is favourable to IREL

CHAPTER 9
PEST ANALYSIS

POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Influence of political trade unions in IREL –labor unions are well co-operate with the management to achieve the common objective of the organisation.
 Environmental policies of state and central government are opted to ensure healthy environmental condition .so IREL is forced to keep eco- friendly standards for mining and related process.
 Ten policies is favourable to IREL.
 The stable political conditions in state and central government are favourable to IREL.
ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
 The effect of inflation did not directly affect the sales volume because of the constant demand of its products.
 In the present scenario, the exchange rate of Indian currency is comparatively steady ;it will be an advantage for Indian industries.
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
 IREL gives employment to hundreds of people directly or indirectly.so IREL has a good acceptance among local society.
 People in the coastal regions make some problems when new mining process opens.
 It is difficult to attach those lands because of the interference of local leaders who are argued for environment protection.

TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Technological factors are favourable to IREL .because IREL uses modern machinery for production.
 The internal communication system of IREL is most modern.that include WIFI network,remote accessing&voip.it helps the managers to maintain healthy and effective administration.

CHAPTER 10
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS & CONCLUSION

FINDINGS
 The intervention by the external policies parties continues to be a disturbance in formulating labor practices.
 IREL had strong and symbiotic relationship between the top level management and lower level employees.
 The company had a strong financial position.
 Constant upgradation of technology.
 IREL had a good support from government of INDIA and the department of atomic energy.
 Since, IREL is a monopoly the promotional activities are less.
 Unavailability of land for the expansion of the unit capacity.
 Higher labour charges.
 Since the company is located 4km away from NH(national highway) the time consuming and the transportation cost is very high
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
 The company can adopt different mode of sales other than the direct sales which is mainly done in IREL.
 The government policies can change any time and so there is a possibility for the entry of privet players .so the company should always be careful to maintain its product quality ,brand identity, customer relationship etc
 IREL should take advantage of the growing demand for heavy minerals by increasing the production.
 The management should sustain the faith of the local people by constantly communicating and explaining the company’s policies to them. The trust of the local people can be ensured and sustained by constant interaction and communication with them. The company can achieve them by undertaking more socially responsible activities. This may be in the form of medical

facilities running schools, assistance at the time of sea erosion and trawling ban. They can also provide water and electricity supply to the local people.
 The company should try to minimize the external interventions of various political parties.
CONCLUSION
IREL is one among well performing companies in Kerala, engaged in the process of processing rare earth products available among the coastal belts. IRE is reaching new boundaries with its performance. IRE was incorporated on 18th august 1950 as a private limited company under the Indian company’s act of 1913 jointly by the government of India and the government of Travancore Cochin. In 1951, IREL became a public sector undertaking and two mineral separation plants, one at Manavalakurichi in Tamilnadu (1967) and the other at Chavara in Kerala state (1970) were setup.
The organisation study at IRE ltd was an unforgettable experience. The organizational atmosphere prevailing at IRE is not that of a public sector unit. The concern for the environment and social responsibility are worth studying. The study helped in having a practical exposure to real practice in organisation. The study provides insight into the functioning and coordination of departments in an effective organization.

Appendices
BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31ST MARCH, 2013
Year ended 31stmarch,2013
Yearended 31st march,2012
Year ended 31st march,2011
EQUITY & LIABILITIES
1) Shareholders’ Funds
a) Share Capital
b) Reserves and Surplus
Total
2) Non-Current Liabilities
a) Other long term liabilities
b) Long term provisions
Total
3) Current Liabilities
a) Trade payables
b) Other current liabilities
c) Short term provisions
Total
TOTAL OF EQUITY & LIABILITIES
ASSETS
1) Non-Current Assets
a) Fixed Assets
(1) Tangible assets
(2) Intangible assets
(3) Capital work-in-progress
Total
b) Non-Current Investment
c) Deferred Tax Assets (Net)
d) Long Term Loans and advances
e) Other Non-Current Assets
Total
2) Current Assets
a) Inventories
b) Trade receivable
c) Cash and bank balance
d) Short term loans and advances
e) Other current assets
Total
TOTAL OF ASSETS
8636.50
65054.35
73690.85
5414.01
4616.81
10030.82
1122.56
10107.83
14552.22
25782.61
8636.50
53139.57
61776.07
5515.31
3934.95
9450.26
1031.54
7041.15
12569.81
20642.50
8636.50
40104.33
48740.83
5397.70
2451.16
7848.86
1011.46
6851.74
4514.55
12377.75
109504.28
91868.83
68967.44
16323.20
35.74
9796.51
26155.45
1.42
5488.20
4226.50
1827.05
11543.17
13140.49
192.19
52781.18
3662.07
2029.73
71805.66
17773.93
34.64
2624.80
20433.37
1.42
4002.46
5035.40
511.53
9550.81
6822.13
237.71
50847.82
1723.01
2253.98
61884.65
19146.66
20.89
1355.03
20522.58
1.42
1300.43
4412.89
3020.46
8735.20
4572.71
180.14
31342.02
1523.45
2091.34
39709.66
109504.28
91868.83
68967.44

STATEMENT OF PROFIT AND LOSS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 2013
Year ended 31st march, 2013
REVENUE
a) Revenue from operations
b) Other income
TOTAL REVENUE
EXPENSES
a) Cost of material consumed
b) Charges in inventories of finished goods, Work-in- progress and stock-in trade
c) Employee benefits expenses
d) Finance cost
e) Depreciation and amortization expenses
f) Other expenses
TOTAL EXPENSES
Profit before prior period adjustments (net), exceptional items, extraordinary items and tax
Prior period adjustments (Net)
Profit before exceptional items, extraordinary items and tax
Exceptional items
Profit before extraordinary items and tax
Extraordinary items
Profit before tax
Tax expenses
a) Current tax
b) Deferred tax asset(or liability)
PROFIT FOR THE PERIOD
52765.79
6617.22
59383.01
2890.00
(6087.08)
19876.05
800
1907.71
15321.44
34709.03
24673.98
63.53
24610.45
866.09
23744.36
-
23744.36
9571.48
(1485.74)
63218.22
4897.28
68115.50
3612.94
(1805.94)
19920.03
141.38
2063.37
14498.98
38428.76
29686.74
391.53
29295.21
4311.10
24984.11
-
24984.11
10641.22
(2702.03)
39975.91
3031.53
43007.44
3767.16
1776.35
17549.09
150.869
2025.11
12379.85
37648.25
5359.19
115.45
5243.74
-
5243.74
-
5243.74
1260.78
793.60
15658.62
17044.92
3189.36

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. C.R. Kothari – Research Methodology methods and Techniques.
2. Prasad L.M – Principals and practice of management.
3. Kottler Philip – Marketing Management.
4. Rejimon.P.M – Indian rare earth is going to expand.
5. Rejimon.P.M – 50 Crores rupees expansion program in IRE.
6. IREL Broucher – Apex manual and departmental procedures of IREL.
7. http://www.indianrareearths.com
8. http://www.irel.gov.in
9. Annual Reports and Journals

ORGANISATION STUDY @ KOLLAM IREL(KERALA UNIVERSITY)

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