Oracle AFD

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‫ارائه‬ ‫موضوع‬:Oracle AFD
‫تاریخ‬:1396/12/10

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Oracle AFD
‫ارائه‬ ‫موضوع‬

Agenda
• About Oracle ASM Filter Driver (AFD)
• Configuring Oracle AFD During Installation
• Configuring Oracle AFD After Installation
• Migrating to Oracle ASMLIB From AFD
• Check Oracle AFD has been configured
• Oracle AFD management commands

About Oracle ASM Filter Driver (AFD)
Kernel module that resides in the
I/O path of the Oracle ASM disks.
Preventing user I/O
and Disk corruption
Simplifies the configuration and management
eliminating the need to rebind disk devices

Root:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 count=30
DB> crate tablespace mas;
Grid:
echo “masoud” > /dev/sdb1
ASM> alter diskgroup data rebalance;

• Limitation:
1. The AFD is available on Linux from 12.1.0.2 onward
2. The AFD is available on Solaris from 12.2.0.1 onward
3. Other OS are not supported yet
4. AFD and ASMLIB are mutually exclusive

Configuring Oracle AFD During Installation
• Preparation for installation:
As root user:
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1
export ORACLE_BASE=/tmp
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_label AFDDISK01 /dev/sdb1 –init
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdb1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label Duplicate Path
=================================================
AFDDISK01 /dev/sdb1

• OUI installation page:

• Check after installation:
ASM> sho parameter asm_diskstring
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskstring string AFD:*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd dsget
parameter:AFD:*
profile:AFD:*

• Check after installation:
[grid@mydb2 dev]$ srvctl config asm
ASM home: <CRS home>
Password file: +DATA/orapwasm
ASM listener: LISTENER
Spfile: +DATA/ASM/ASMPARAMETERFILE/registry.253.969025733
ASM diskgroup discovery string: AFD:*
[grid@mydb2 grid]$ asmcmd afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'ENABLED' on host 'mydb2'

Configuring Oracle AFD After Installation
As grid user:
parameter:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
profile:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd dsset ‘/dev/oracleasm/disks/*’,’AFD:*’
parameter:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*, AFD:*
profile:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*,AFD:*

As root user:
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/crsctl stop has
.
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.driver.afd' on 'mydb2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'mydb2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/acfsload stop
[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm exit
Unmounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm
Unloading module "oracleasm": oracleasm

[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: no
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: no
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_configure
AFD-9323: Creating module dependencies - this may take some time.
AFD-9154: Loading 'oracleafd.ko' driver.
AFD-649: Verifying AFD devices.
AFD-9156: Detecting control device '/dev/oracleafd/admin'.
AFD-638: AFD installation correctness verified.

[root@mydb2 bin]# systemctl disable oracleasm
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/oracleasm.service.
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_label AFDDISK01 /dev/sdb1 –migrate
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_lslbl /dev/sdb1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================
AFDDISK01 /dev/sdb1

[root@mydb2 bin]# ./crsctl start has
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./acfsload start
ACFS-9391: Checking for existing ADVM/ACFS installation.
ACFS-9392: Validating ADVM/ACFS installation files for operating system.
ACFS-9393: Verifying ASM Administrator setup.
ACFS-9308: Loading installed ADVM/ACFS drivers.
ACFS-9156: Detecting control device '/dev/asm/.asm_ctl_spec'.
ACFS-9156: Detecting control device '/dev/ofsctl'.
ACFS-9322: completed

As greed user:
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ crsctl stat res ora.driver.afd
NAME=ora.driver.afd
TYPE=ora.driver.afd.type
TARGET=ONLINE
STATE=ONLINE on mydb2
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk -p
Group_Num Disk_Num Incarn Mount_Stat Header_Stat Mode_Stat State Path
1 0 4042477514 CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL AFD:AFDDISK01

parameter:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*, AFD:*
profile:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*,AFD:*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd dsset 'AFD:*‘
parameter:AFD:*
profile:AFD:*

[grid@mydb2 ~]$ srvctl config asm
Backup of Password file:
ASM diskgroup discovery string: AFD:*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_state

Migrating to Oracle ASMLIB From AFD
• Why if you do not like to use AFD? You could flow instructions below to
come back to our old love, ASMLIB
As grid user:
parameter: AFD:*
profile:AFD:*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd dsset ’AFD:*’, ‘/dev/oracleasm/disks/*’
parameter:AFD:*,/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
profile:AFD:*,/dev/oracleasm/disks/*

As root user:
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/crsctl stop has
.
.
.
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.driver.afd' on 'mydb2' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'mydb2' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.

[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/acfsload stop
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/asmcmd afd_deconfigure
AFD-632: Existing AFD installation detected.
AFD-634: Removing previous AFD installation.
AFD-635: Previous AFD components successfully removed.
Modifying resource dependencies - this may take some time.
[root@mydb2 bin]# yum install oracleasm-support –y
Installed:
oracleasm-support.x86_64 0:2.1.11-1.el7
Complete!

[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm configure –i
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm init
Loading module "oracleasm": oracleasm
Configuring "oracleasm" to use device physical block size
Mounting ASMlib driver filesystem: /dev/oracleasm

[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm status
Checking if ASM is loaded: yes
Checking if /dev/oracleasm is mounted: yes
[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...
Instantiating disk "AFDDISK01“
[root@mydb2 bin]# oracleasm listdisks
AFDDISK01

[root@mydb2 bin]# ll /dev/oracleasm/disks/*
brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 Feb 25 15:06 /dev/oracleasm/disks/AFDDISK01
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/crsctl start has
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
As grid user:
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd dsset '/dev/oracleasm/disks/*'
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ srvctl status asm
ASM is running on mydb2

parameter:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
profile:/dev/oracleasm/disks/*
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk -p
1 0 4034024175 CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL /dev/oracleasm/disks/AFDDISK01
ASMCMD-9530: The AFD state is 'NOT SUPPORTED'

[grid@mydb2 ~]$ srvctl config asm
ASM diskgroup discovery string: /dev/oracleasm/disks/*
[root@mydb2 bin]# /u01/app/grid/product/12.2/gi_1/bin/acfsload start
.
.
ACFS-9322: completed

Check Oracle AFD has been configured
Is it possible to add another AFD disk ? Definitely yes
Let do it with the follow instructions:
Block device
sdc1
Make AFD Disk
AFDDISK02
Add AFD Disk
To diskgroup

As all you know, you could use fdisk or any alternatives to format
Block device.
[root@mydb2 bin]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00ec3a6d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Block device
sdc1

As root user:
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_label AFDDISK02 /dev/sdc1 --init
ASMCMD-9521: AFD is already configured
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_label AFDDISK02 /dev/sdc1
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_lslbl
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
=================================================
AFDDISK01 /dev/sdb1
AFDDISK02 /dev/sdc1
Make AFD Disk
AFDDISK02

As grid user:
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk --candidate
Path
AFD:AFDDISK02
ASM> alter diskgroup data add disk 'AFD:AFDDISK02';
Diskgroup altered.
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd lsdsk -p -G data
Add AFD Disk
To diskgroup

The value of the AFD_STATE parameter of SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES specifies
whether Oracle ASMFD is configured for the Oracle ASM instance.
ASM> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES', 'AFD_STATE') FROM DUAL;
SYS_CONTEXT('SYS_ASMFD_PROPERTIES','AFD_STATE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CONFIGURED
You can check the state of Oracle AFD with the ASMCMD afd_state
command

It is worth mentioning path of ‘AFD:*’ is not block device, they are text file:
[root@mydb2 bin]# file /dev/oracleafd/disks/*
/dev/oracleafd/disks/AFDDISK01: ASCII text
/dev/oracleafd/disks/AFDDISK02: ASCII text
Actually they are references:
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ cat /dev/oracleafd/disks/AFDDISK01
/dev/sdb1
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ asmcmd afd_dsget
AFD discovery string: /dev/sd*

Originality of references and labels:
AFD:*
/dev/oracleafd/disks/*
AFDDISK01 AFDDISK02Label:
block device: /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1

Checking AFD:
OS users except root user:
[grid@mydb2 ~]$ echo “Masoud” > /dev/sdb1
-bash: /dev/sdb1: Permission denied
[oracle@mydb2 ~]$ echo “I have required Privileges” > /dev/sdc1
-bash: /dev/sdc1: Permission denied

Checking AFD:
[root@mydb2 bin]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 count=30
30+0 records in
30+0 records out
15360 bytes (15 kB) copied, 0.000210336 s, 73.0 MB/s
[root@mydb2 bin]# vim /var/log/messages
Feb 26 18:07:07 mydb2 kernel: F 4388703.592/180226143707 flush-8:16[39886] oracleafd:18:0894:Write
IO to ASM managed device: [8] [17]
Feb 26 18:07:07 mydb2 kernel: Buffer I/O error on device sdb1, logical block 0
Feb 26 18:07:07 mydb2 kernel: lost page write due to I/O error on sdb1

Is it possible to turn off I/O filtering in the AFD? Yes, but it is not best practice
As root user:
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_filter -d /dev/sdb1
[root@mydb2 bin]# ./asmcmd afd_lsdsk
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Label Filtering Path
=================================================
AFDDISK01 DISABLED /dev/sdb1
AFDDISK02 ENABLED /dev/sdc1

As root user:
[root@mydb2 bin]# od -t x1z /dev/sdb1 | head -n 2
0000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >................<
0000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >................<
[root@mydb2 bin]# echo "mas" > /dev/sdb1
[root@mydb2 bin]# od -t x1z /dev/sdb1 | head -n 2
0000000 6d 61 73 0a 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >mas.............<
0000020 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 >................<

[grid@mydb2 ~]$ srvctl start diskgroup -diskgroup data
PRCR-1079 : Failed to start resource ora.DATA.dg
CRS-5017: The resource action "ora.DATA.dg start" encountered the following error:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15017: diskgroup "DATA" cannot be mounted
ORA-15040: diskgroup is incomplete
. For details refer to "(:CLSN00107:)" in
"/u01/app/grid/diag/crs/mydb2/crs/trace/ohasd_oraagent_grid.trc".
CRS-2674: Start of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'mydb2' failed

Oracle AFD management commands
afd_configure
Configures AFD on the local node. This command requires the Oracle Clusterware stack to be down on the
local node. The command must be executed by a privileged user. After afd_configure execution the default
filtering state is enabled.
Synopsis
afd_configure [-d | -e] [-f]
Description
The options for afd_configure are described below
-d - disable AFD filtering mode
-e - enable AFD filtering mode
-f - force AFD configuration

afd_deconfigure
Deconfigures AFD from the local node. This command requires the Oracle Clusterware stack to be down on
the local node. The command must be executed by a privileged user.
Synopsis
afd_deconfigure [-f]
Description
The options for afd_deconfigure are described below
-f - force AFD deconfiguration

afd_di
Manipulates the data integrity state in the AFD driver. One of the specified options must be provided in
order to execute this command.
Synopsis
afd_di {-e | -d | -q}
Description
The options for afd_di are described below
-e - enable data integrity
-d - disable data integrity
-q - query data integrity

afd_dsget
Retrieves the AFD discovery diskstring value
Synopsis
afd_dsget [--all]
Description
The options for the afd_dsget command are described below.
--all - Get clusterwide AFD discovery diskstring.

afd_dsset
Sets the AFD discovery diskstring value
Synopsis
afd_dsset <afddiskstring> [--all]
Description
The options for the afd_dsset command are described below.
--all - Set clusterwide AFD discovery diskstring.

afd_filter
Sets the AFD filtering mode on a given disk path. If the command is executed without specifying a disk path
then filtering is set at node level.
Synopsis
afd_filter {-e | -d } [<disk-path>] [--all]
Description
The options for afd_filter are described below
-e - enable AFD filtering mode
-d - disable AFD filtering mode
--all - set clusterwide AFD filtering mode

afd_label
To set the given label to the specified disk. '--init' option is not allowed if AFD is already loaded.
Synopsis
afd_label <label> <disk> [--rename | --migrate] [--init]
Description
label - label for the disk
disk - disk path
--rename - to relabel a disk that was labeled earlier
--migrate - to label a disk that was provisioned for ASM
--init - to set AFD label during initialize stage

afd_lsdsk
List Oracle ASM Filter Driver disks.
Synopsis
afd_lsdsk [--all]
Description
--all - clusterwide fetch of AFD disks.

afd_lslbl
Scans OS disks using the given discovery string and lists the disks that contain AFD labels. If the command is
executed without specifying a disk string then it uses the configured afd_diskstring value.
Synopsis
afd_lslbl [<disk-string>]
Examples
The following example uses afd_lslbl to scan OS disks
for AFD labels and lists them.
ASMCMD [+] >afd_lslbl '/dev/sd*'

afd_refresh
Refreshes AFD disks using the afd discovery string. It uses the configured afd_diskstring value.
Synopsis
afd_refresh [--all]
Description
The options for the afd_refresh command are described below.
--all - clusterwide afd refresh

afd_scan
Scans for AFD disks using the given discovery string. If the command is executed without specifying a disk
string then it uses the configured afd_diskstring value.
Synopsis
afd_scan [<disk-string>] [--all]
Description
The options for the afd_scan command are described below.
--all - clusterwide afd scan

afd_state
Returns the state of AFD
Synopsis
afd_state [--all]
Description
The options for afd_state are described below
--all - clusterwide afd state check
Examples
ASMCMD [+] >afd_state
ASMCMD-9526: The AFD state is 'LOADED' and filtering is 'DEFAULT' on host 'myhost'

afd_unlabel
To clear an existing label from a disk using either its label or disk path. If a disk needs to be unlabeled during
initialization stage it can be done only by using its disk path. '-f' option will not clear the label if there are
pending opens.
Synopsis
afd_unlabel { <label> | <'disk'> } [-f] [--init]
Description
label - label to clear
disk - disk path
-f - forcibly clear the label if ASM member disk and no pending opens of the disk
--init - to clear AFD label during initialize stage

References
• https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/ostmg/administer-
filter-driver.html#GUID-2F5E344F-AFC2-4768-8C00-6F3C56302123

https://ir.linkedin.com/in/masoud-haji-hassan-pour
Masoud Haji Hassan Pour
Mas.Hassanpour@gmail.com
Thanks
for your attention
http://masoudhhp.me/

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