The Congreso Nacional del Medio Ambiente (Conama 2012) in Madrid focused on Spain's significant advancements in water treatment technologies, including desalination and wastewater reclamation. The document outlines Spain's historical water challenges, legislation milestones, and the current infrastructure, highlighting over 1,300 wastewater treatment plants and a projected increase in reclaimed water production. Spain is recognized as a global leader in the water treatment sector, with ongoing challenges and developments planned for the next decade.