This document provides an overview of operations management at Bruce Power, the largest privately owned nuclear power facility in the world. It discusses Bruce Power's core performance objectives of quality, dependability, and flexibility. Various operations sectors like operations, maintenance, engineering, and planning are described. Bruce Power is highlighted as an industry leader with records for reactor uptime and consistency. The facility generates over 30% of Ontario's electricity through its 8 nuclear reactors.
Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources - Way ForwardSpark Network
A detailed report on the recommended methodology for the effective integration of Renewable Energy Projects with the Grid has been published by Central Electricity Authority.
Multi agent oriented solution for forecasting-based control strategy with loa...Mohamed Ghaieth Abidi
To improve the power supply availability in an island microgrid, this paper proposes a new approach that integrates distributed energy sources economically, reliably and efficiently. In an island mode, a microgrid must ensure its self-sufficiency of energy production since it cannot make an energetic exchange with a main grid. However, in this mode, the random behavior of the resources affected by meteorological factors presents a major constraint. The challenge related to the power availability in microgrids is to find a solution that faces the operation of intermittent power sources. The microgrid should guarantee a useful power management in order to achieve a high availability of energy. In this paper, we present a mathematical model to describe the influence of the meteorological factors on the sources production. We propose a multi-agent control strategy based on the production forecasting and load shedding for a high availability of the microgrid power supply. The proposed multi-agent system uses the master-slave model in which the communication and negotiation between the defined agents are performed by a concept of tokens. The developed control system is implemented on Spartan 6 FPGA-Board. The paper's contribution is applied to a Tunisian petroleum platform where several blackouts are recorded between 2012 and 2014. Simulation and experimental results show clearly a high availability as a performance of the proposed control strategy.
This webinar session discusses changes to the generation portfolio, the introduction of significant renewable resources, and the deployment of customer-side resources.
Future potential of small hydro power project in indiaIAEME Publication
This document discusses the future potential of small hydro power projects in India. It provides an overview of small hydro power, including its advantages compared to other renewable energy sources. Key points include:
- India has an estimated potential of 15,000 MW from small hydro projects. Over 14,000 MW of potential has been identified from 5,415 sites.
- Small hydro has lower generation costs, higher efficiency, and a longer lifespan than other renewable sources like biomass, wind, and solar.
- The document outlines the typical components of a small hydro power plant, including the reservoir, dam, intake gates, penstock, turbines, and generators.
Vskills certification for Clean Energy Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for assessing, implementing and managing clean energy initiatives. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in climate change, energy resources, energy utilization, environmental aspects, solar radiation basics, different forms of clean energy (solar thermal or photovoltaic, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, oceanic), fuel cells, Closed Rankin Cycle , bio-diesel, ethanol, Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation, hydrogen energy and hybrid energy systems.
A CONVENIENT TRUTH - Mother Earth Day 2013... global warming, the beginning o...Thane Heins
Potential Difference Inc has developed three new energy innovations that make global warming issues moot:
1. A ReGenX Generator that can accelerate itself under load and deliver infinite electrical power compared to conventional generators.
2. A Bi-Toroid Transformer that operates with infinite efficiency and only consumes reactive power but delivers real power.
3. A ReGen-X Motor that can recapture all motor coil flux and produce torque with zero net power consumption.
Proposal for 1kwp Roof-Top Solar PV PlantIRJET Journal
This document proposes a 1KWp solar roof-top power plant for an off-grid system in Davangere, India. It provides details on the components, specifications, and simulated performance of the system. The key components include 4 polycrystalline solar panels totaling 1KWp, a 1.5KVA off-grid inverter, 4 batteries with a total capacity of 600Ah, and supporting equipment. Simulation analysis was conducted using PVsyst software, which estimated the system would generate 4.447 KWh of energy per day to meet the daily household load of 4.065 KWh. The analysis also showed the solar irradiation levels and estimated energy output over the course of a year.
Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources - Way ForwardSpark Network
A detailed report on the recommended methodology for the effective integration of Renewable Energy Projects with the Grid has been published by Central Electricity Authority.
Multi agent oriented solution for forecasting-based control strategy with loa...Mohamed Ghaieth Abidi
To improve the power supply availability in an island microgrid, this paper proposes a new approach that integrates distributed energy sources economically, reliably and efficiently. In an island mode, a microgrid must ensure its self-sufficiency of energy production since it cannot make an energetic exchange with a main grid. However, in this mode, the random behavior of the resources affected by meteorological factors presents a major constraint. The challenge related to the power availability in microgrids is to find a solution that faces the operation of intermittent power sources. The microgrid should guarantee a useful power management in order to achieve a high availability of energy. In this paper, we present a mathematical model to describe the influence of the meteorological factors on the sources production. We propose a multi-agent control strategy based on the production forecasting and load shedding for a high availability of the microgrid power supply. The proposed multi-agent system uses the master-slave model in which the communication and negotiation between the defined agents are performed by a concept of tokens. The developed control system is implemented on Spartan 6 FPGA-Board. The paper's contribution is applied to a Tunisian petroleum platform where several blackouts are recorded between 2012 and 2014. Simulation and experimental results show clearly a high availability as a performance of the proposed control strategy.
This webinar session discusses changes to the generation portfolio, the introduction of significant renewable resources, and the deployment of customer-side resources.
Future potential of small hydro power project in indiaIAEME Publication
This document discusses the future potential of small hydro power projects in India. It provides an overview of small hydro power, including its advantages compared to other renewable energy sources. Key points include:
- India has an estimated potential of 15,000 MW from small hydro projects. Over 14,000 MW of potential has been identified from 5,415 sites.
- Small hydro has lower generation costs, higher efficiency, and a longer lifespan than other renewable sources like biomass, wind, and solar.
- The document outlines the typical components of a small hydro power plant, including the reservoir, dam, intake gates, penstock, turbines, and generators.
Vskills certification for Clean Energy Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for assessing, implementing and managing clean energy initiatives. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in climate change, energy resources, energy utilization, environmental aspects, solar radiation basics, different forms of clean energy (solar thermal or photovoltaic, wind, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, oceanic), fuel cells, Closed Rankin Cycle , bio-diesel, ethanol, Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation, hydrogen energy and hybrid energy systems.
A CONVENIENT TRUTH - Mother Earth Day 2013... global warming, the beginning o...Thane Heins
Potential Difference Inc has developed three new energy innovations that make global warming issues moot:
1. A ReGenX Generator that can accelerate itself under load and deliver infinite electrical power compared to conventional generators.
2. A Bi-Toroid Transformer that operates with infinite efficiency and only consumes reactive power but delivers real power.
3. A ReGen-X Motor that can recapture all motor coil flux and produce torque with zero net power consumption.
Proposal for 1kwp Roof-Top Solar PV PlantIRJET Journal
This document proposes a 1KWp solar roof-top power plant for an off-grid system in Davangere, India. It provides details on the components, specifications, and simulated performance of the system. The key components include 4 polycrystalline solar panels totaling 1KWp, a 1.5KVA off-grid inverter, 4 batteries with a total capacity of 600Ah, and supporting equipment. Simulation analysis was conducted using PVsyst software, which estimated the system would generate 4.447 KWh of energy per day to meet the daily household load of 4.065 KWh. The analysis also showed the solar irradiation levels and estimated energy output over the course of a year.
This document presents a case study of a proposed rooftop solar PV system for a residential colony in Navi Mumbai. It discusses the design and economics of the system. The document includes a certificate of approval, project report approval, declaration, acknowledgements, abstract and table of contents. It was submitted by 5 students in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree.
The document discusses issues related to hydroelectric power development in India. It notes that while hydro is renewable and emission-free, India has failed to develop its hydro potential and hydro's share of total installed capacity has declined from 45% to 20% in recent decades. The 11th five-year plan achieved only 39% of its hydro targets. Key challenges to hydro development include geological surprises, land acquisition, rehabilitation, forest clearance delays, lack of hydrological data, and protests. Hydro also faces regulatory and policy disadvantages compared to thermal power.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicleIRJASH
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
China Clean Energy Industry Report, 2009 2010ResearchInChina
Clean energy refers to the energy that doesn’t discharge pollutants, mainly including nuclear energy, hydropower, wind power, solar power, bio-energy (biogas), and tidal energy. At present, China's energy consumption structure is still dominated by thermal power, and the structure won’t change in the near future. But in the long run, clean energy will account for an increasingly larger proportion in electricity generating capacity. The figure below shows that the proportion of nuclear power, hydropower and other power sources increased from 19.7% in 2007 to 23.0% in March 2010, up 3.3 percentage points. As China launches more preferential policies for nuclear power, wind power and solar energy industry, the proportion of clean energy power generation will increase substantially.
This presentation summarizes India's hydropower sector, including the status of development, private sector participation, policies and regulations, barriers to development, and an action plan to accelerate hydropower. India has significant untapped hydropower potential but has only harnessed 30% so far. Private sector participation remains low at 7% of capacity due to barriers like land acquisition issues, lack of market incentives, and financing challenges. The government recently proposed a plan to the EFC to revive the sector by addressing issues in project development, strengthening policies and markets, and improving financing.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Grid Integration IssuesIJMTST Journal
High electricity demand, reduction in fossil fuels and increasing demand towards solar energy, the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation in the utility grid is gaining high popularity in India. Many distributed energy resources (DERs) are connected to the utility grid or microgrids with the help of power electronics interface, while interfacing power electronics with microgrids there are valid technical concerns from utilities about power quality and the impact of DG on the low voltage (LV) grid. This paper focuses on India’s Current Solar generation capacity and grid integration issues such as voltage, frequency regulation, active, reactive power control and power quality issues.
1. The document summarizes a case study of a 3 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in Kolar, Karnataka.
2. Key details include the plant's technical specifications, performance in 2010 including energy generated and sold to the grid, and operational and maintenance issues faced.
3. Analysis of the plant's performance found good module performance but reduced generation due to inverter issues, with efficiency more sensitive to temperature than solar radiation.
Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid by Droop Control MethodIJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works efficiently under a decentralized control system.
2012 deep research report on china pv power station operatorsmarter2011
The document is a 139-page research report from 2012 on China's PV power station operators. It provides an overview of China's solar energy resources and industry, analyzes data from 23 major operators, and discusses the trends in China's PV power market. The report also includes an investment return analysis of a 10MW PV power station project based on China's solar subsidies at the time. It aims to provide an in-depth look at China's PV power station industry through market statistics, case studies of operators, and conclusions on industry developments.
A study on charanka solar park and kudankulam nuclear power plant in indiaKetan Vador
The Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat, India is the largest solar park in Asia. Phase 1 has an installed capacity of 214 MW from 17 thin-film photovoltaic power systems across 2,000 hectares. When fully operational in 2014, it will host 500 MW across 2,456 hectares at a cost of $280 million. It saves millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually compared to fossil fuel plants and is helping India meet its renewable energy targets.
The Barrow offshore wind farm (BOWF) located in the East Irish Sea near Barrow-in-Furness UK consists of 30 wind turbines with a total capacity of 90MW. Power is generated at 44kV and transmitted via subsea cables to an onshore substation. BOWF was among the first large offshore wind farms in the UK and faced risks associated with its electrical infrastructure and environmental impacts. However, it has been largely successful in delivering renewable energy as planned and establishing offshore substations, and its performance exceeds the average of other early UK offshore wind farms.
The document summarizes regulatory requirements for utility-scale solar construction projects in New South Wales and provides a case study of a large solar PV plant. Key laws governing environmental impacts, community consultation, and project approval are discussed. For the case study, expected risks were identified through the approval process but most did not materialize during construction. The document argues for reducing regulatory burdens to encourage renewable energy investment while protecting communities and the environment.
Electricity becomes crucial component of the contemporary era. The great demand of the electricity creates the tress on the production and distribution. The imbalance between the demand and supply and increasing requirement of the electricity becomes a crisis. Thus this paper aims to make aware of the present electricity scenario and electricity deficiency problem and leading role of the alternative energy sources for future survival. For the present analysis the data and information collected from the various published and unpublished reports and websites. Otherwise the primary facts are collected from the various states board of electricity generations and distributions in India. The analyzed results are represented in various forms. The analysis revels that, the demand of electricity is increasing due to the technological progress. The conventional sources of energy unable to fulfill the increasing demand of the electricity. It is need to focus on the renewable power sources. India has high potential of the renewable resources. The enormous renewable sources of energy in India developed properly, it defiantly fulfill the requirements of the energy.
IRJET- Railway Track based Electrical Power GenerationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electrical power from railway tracks. As trains move over tracks, the vertical displacement of the tracks can be captured using a vibration energy harvester connected to a rack and pinion gear system. This system drives a DC generator to produce electricity, which is stored in a battery. The key components are a railway track, rack and pinion gears, chain drive, flywheel, DC generator, and battery. As a train passes, the track vibrates and turns the gears which rotate the flywheel and generator, producing electrical power from the movement of the train without using fuel. This provides a renewable source of energy capture from existing railway infrastructure.
Alterra Power Corp is a leading renewable energy producer that owns and operates hydro, wind, and geothermal power facilities. The company aims to grow its renewable energy capacity to 1,000 MW by developing its existing 509 MW pipeline of wind, hydro, and geothermal projects. Alterra has a track record of successfully developing large renewable energy projects across technologies and geographies.
An Investigation into Subsea Hydrogen ProductionBrian Clohissey
This document summarizes an investigation into a proposed modular seabed system to generate hydrogen using excess power from offshore tidal energy converters. The system would produce hydrogen as a primary product and potable water and oxygen as byproducts. It would consist of filtration, reverse osmosis desalination pumping, and an electrolyzer stack powered by a direct current generator. Gas compressors and hydraulic components would control and monitor the process via a localized control system. Any unused water would be pumped ashore while oxygen, if deemed unnecessary, would be vented into the water column. Waste brine would be expelled in a manner not affecting local marine life. The project aims to advance both offshore hydrogen production and tidal energy implementation.
Present globalised and consumerised world need sustainable development mechanism for the better tomorrow, without sustainable development we can`t stand here. Every part of the life need sustainability. For the energy sustainability SHPs are the good and viable option for better tomorrow. This Small Hydro Projects can make a big difference in many lives
Designing of Micro-grid for Rural Electrification Case StudyIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a microgrid for rural electrification in India. It begins with background on the need for rural electrification in India, where about 20% of the population still lacks access to electricity. It then provides an overview of microgrids and their advantages over traditional grids. The document describes using HOMER software to simulate and optimize microgrid designs based on net present cost. It also presents a case study of designing a microgrid for an unelectrified rural area in India with a daily average load of 499.64 kW and peak load of 1747.4 kW, to be powered by solar, wind, and hydro renewable sources along with an energy storage system. Key considerations for the microgrid design are
Changing Role of Coal-Fired Power Plants: From Base Load Operation to Flexibl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses how the increasing use of renewable energy is requiring coal-fired power plants to operate more flexibly. Coal plants were traditionally base load plants that continuously provided power, but now must vary their output more to accommodate the intermittent nature of renewables like solar and wind. Operating flexibly has impacts on plant performance - it can increase heat rate and auxiliary power consumption, and hurt reliability. As renewable penetration grows, coal plants will need to ramp output up and down more rapidly to provide grid balancing. This flexible operation takes its toll on plant efficiency and performance over time.
Scenario of Small Hydro Power Projects in India and its Environmental AspectIRJET Journal
This document discusses small hydro power projects in India. It provides the following key details:
1) Small hydro power projects play an important role in providing electricity access in rural and remote areas of India where grid connectivity is challenging. Over 700 small hydro projects under 25MW have been commissioned in India since the first one in 1897.
2) India has an estimated potential of over 7,200 small hydro power project sites that could generate a total of 21,205 MW of power. The states with the most potential are Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Karnataka.
3) The Indian government aims to achieve 5GW of power generation from small hydro projects by 2022. It provides various
Este documento trata sobre la desobturación del canal radicular. Explica las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos, las maniobras previas y posteriores a una desobturación, y las técnicas para realizar una desobturación total o parcial. También describe los errores más comunes y presenta tres casos clínicos como ejemplos.
Are you struggling to fully realize the benefits of Git in your development processes? Watch this webinar to learn the benefits of using Git and how CollabNet’s TeamForge platform, training and services can help improve your Git adoption and performance throughout your global organization.
This document presents a case study of a proposed rooftop solar PV system for a residential colony in Navi Mumbai. It discusses the design and economics of the system. The document includes a certificate of approval, project report approval, declaration, acknowledgements, abstract and table of contents. It was submitted by 5 students in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree.
The document discusses issues related to hydroelectric power development in India. It notes that while hydro is renewable and emission-free, India has failed to develop its hydro potential and hydro's share of total installed capacity has declined from 45% to 20% in recent decades. The 11th five-year plan achieved only 39% of its hydro targets. Key challenges to hydro development include geological surprises, land acquisition, rehabilitation, forest clearance delays, lack of hydrological data, and protests. Hydro also faces regulatory and policy disadvantages compared to thermal power.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicleIRJASH
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
China Clean Energy Industry Report, 2009 2010ResearchInChina
Clean energy refers to the energy that doesn’t discharge pollutants, mainly including nuclear energy, hydropower, wind power, solar power, bio-energy (biogas), and tidal energy. At present, China's energy consumption structure is still dominated by thermal power, and the structure won’t change in the near future. But in the long run, clean energy will account for an increasingly larger proportion in electricity generating capacity. The figure below shows that the proportion of nuclear power, hydropower and other power sources increased from 19.7% in 2007 to 23.0% in March 2010, up 3.3 percentage points. As China launches more preferential policies for nuclear power, wind power and solar energy industry, the proportion of clean energy power generation will increase substantially.
This presentation summarizes India's hydropower sector, including the status of development, private sector participation, policies and regulations, barriers to development, and an action plan to accelerate hydropower. India has significant untapped hydropower potential but has only harnessed 30% so far. Private sector participation remains low at 7% of capacity due to barriers like land acquisition issues, lack of market incentives, and financing challenges. The government recently proposed a plan to the EFC to revive the sector by addressing issues in project development, strengthening policies and markets, and improving financing.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Grid Integration IssuesIJMTST Journal
High electricity demand, reduction in fossil fuels and increasing demand towards solar energy, the integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation in the utility grid is gaining high popularity in India. Many distributed energy resources (DERs) are connected to the utility grid or microgrids with the help of power electronics interface, while interfacing power electronics with microgrids there are valid technical concerns from utilities about power quality and the impact of DG on the low voltage (LV) grid. This paper focuses on India’s Current Solar generation capacity and grid integration issues such as voltage, frequency regulation, active, reactive power control and power quality issues.
1. The document summarizes a case study of a 3 MW grid-connected solar photovoltaic power plant in Kolar, Karnataka.
2. Key details include the plant's technical specifications, performance in 2010 including energy generated and sold to the grid, and operational and maintenance issues faced.
3. Analysis of the plant's performance found good module performance but reduced generation due to inverter issues, with efficiency more sensitive to temperature than solar radiation.
Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid by Droop Control MethodIJMTST Journal
The proposed method mainly includes two important operations: error reduction operation and voltage recovery operation. The sharing accuracy is improved by the sharing error reduction operation, which is activated by the low-bandwidth synchronization signals. However, the error reduction operation will result in a decrease in output voltage amplitude. Therefore, the voltage recovery operation is proposed to compensate the decrease., due to increasing the demand of electricity as well as rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and the government policies on reduction of greenhouse gas emissions , renewable energy technologies are more attractive and various types of distributed generation sources, such as wind turbine generators and solar photo voltaic panels are being connected to low-voltage distribution networks. Micro grid is an integrated system that contain in s distributed generation sources, control systems, load management, energy storage and communication infrastructure capability to work in both grid connected and island mode to optimize energy usage. The paper presents a advanced control technique for a micro grid system which works efficiently under a decentralized control system.
2012 deep research report on china pv power station operatorsmarter2011
The document is a 139-page research report from 2012 on China's PV power station operators. It provides an overview of China's solar energy resources and industry, analyzes data from 23 major operators, and discusses the trends in China's PV power market. The report also includes an investment return analysis of a 10MW PV power station project based on China's solar subsidies at the time. It aims to provide an in-depth look at China's PV power station industry through market statistics, case studies of operators, and conclusions on industry developments.
A study on charanka solar park and kudankulam nuclear power plant in indiaKetan Vador
The Charanka Solar Park in Gujarat, India is the largest solar park in Asia. Phase 1 has an installed capacity of 214 MW from 17 thin-film photovoltaic power systems across 2,000 hectares. When fully operational in 2014, it will host 500 MW across 2,456 hectares at a cost of $280 million. It saves millions of tons of carbon dioxide emissions annually compared to fossil fuel plants and is helping India meet its renewable energy targets.
The Barrow offshore wind farm (BOWF) located in the East Irish Sea near Barrow-in-Furness UK consists of 30 wind turbines with a total capacity of 90MW. Power is generated at 44kV and transmitted via subsea cables to an onshore substation. BOWF was among the first large offshore wind farms in the UK and faced risks associated with its electrical infrastructure and environmental impacts. However, it has been largely successful in delivering renewable energy as planned and establishing offshore substations, and its performance exceeds the average of other early UK offshore wind farms.
The document summarizes regulatory requirements for utility-scale solar construction projects in New South Wales and provides a case study of a large solar PV plant. Key laws governing environmental impacts, community consultation, and project approval are discussed. For the case study, expected risks were identified through the approval process but most did not materialize during construction. The document argues for reducing regulatory burdens to encourage renewable energy investment while protecting communities and the environment.
Electricity becomes crucial component of the contemporary era. The great demand of the electricity creates the tress on the production and distribution. The imbalance between the demand and supply and increasing requirement of the electricity becomes a crisis. Thus this paper aims to make aware of the present electricity scenario and electricity deficiency problem and leading role of the alternative energy sources for future survival. For the present analysis the data and information collected from the various published and unpublished reports and websites. Otherwise the primary facts are collected from the various states board of electricity generations and distributions in India. The analyzed results are represented in various forms. The analysis revels that, the demand of electricity is increasing due to the technological progress. The conventional sources of energy unable to fulfill the increasing demand of the electricity. It is need to focus on the renewable power sources. India has high potential of the renewable resources. The enormous renewable sources of energy in India developed properly, it defiantly fulfill the requirements of the energy.
IRJET- Railway Track based Electrical Power GenerationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to generate electrical power from railway tracks. As trains move over tracks, the vertical displacement of the tracks can be captured using a vibration energy harvester connected to a rack and pinion gear system. This system drives a DC generator to produce electricity, which is stored in a battery. The key components are a railway track, rack and pinion gears, chain drive, flywheel, DC generator, and battery. As a train passes, the track vibrates and turns the gears which rotate the flywheel and generator, producing electrical power from the movement of the train without using fuel. This provides a renewable source of energy capture from existing railway infrastructure.
Alterra Power Corp is a leading renewable energy producer that owns and operates hydro, wind, and geothermal power facilities. The company aims to grow its renewable energy capacity to 1,000 MW by developing its existing 509 MW pipeline of wind, hydro, and geothermal projects. Alterra has a track record of successfully developing large renewable energy projects across technologies and geographies.
An Investigation into Subsea Hydrogen ProductionBrian Clohissey
This document summarizes an investigation into a proposed modular seabed system to generate hydrogen using excess power from offshore tidal energy converters. The system would produce hydrogen as a primary product and potable water and oxygen as byproducts. It would consist of filtration, reverse osmosis desalination pumping, and an electrolyzer stack powered by a direct current generator. Gas compressors and hydraulic components would control and monitor the process via a localized control system. Any unused water would be pumped ashore while oxygen, if deemed unnecessary, would be vented into the water column. Waste brine would be expelled in a manner not affecting local marine life. The project aims to advance both offshore hydrogen production and tidal energy implementation.
Present globalised and consumerised world need sustainable development mechanism for the better tomorrow, without sustainable development we can`t stand here. Every part of the life need sustainability. For the energy sustainability SHPs are the good and viable option for better tomorrow. This Small Hydro Projects can make a big difference in many lives
Designing of Micro-grid for Rural Electrification Case StudyIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a microgrid for rural electrification in India. It begins with background on the need for rural electrification in India, where about 20% of the population still lacks access to electricity. It then provides an overview of microgrids and their advantages over traditional grids. The document describes using HOMER software to simulate and optimize microgrid designs based on net present cost. It also presents a case study of designing a microgrid for an unelectrified rural area in India with a daily average load of 499.64 kW and peak load of 1747.4 kW, to be powered by solar, wind, and hydro renewable sources along with an energy storage system. Key considerations for the microgrid design are
Changing Role of Coal-Fired Power Plants: From Base Load Operation to Flexibl...IRJET Journal
This document discusses how the increasing use of renewable energy is requiring coal-fired power plants to operate more flexibly. Coal plants were traditionally base load plants that continuously provided power, but now must vary their output more to accommodate the intermittent nature of renewables like solar and wind. Operating flexibly has impacts on plant performance - it can increase heat rate and auxiliary power consumption, and hurt reliability. As renewable penetration grows, coal plants will need to ramp output up and down more rapidly to provide grid balancing. This flexible operation takes its toll on plant efficiency and performance over time.
Scenario of Small Hydro Power Projects in India and its Environmental AspectIRJET Journal
This document discusses small hydro power projects in India. It provides the following key details:
1) Small hydro power projects play an important role in providing electricity access in rural and remote areas of India where grid connectivity is challenging. Over 700 small hydro projects under 25MW have been commissioned in India since the first one in 1897.
2) India has an estimated potential of over 7,200 small hydro power project sites that could generate a total of 21,205 MW of power. The states with the most potential are Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Karnataka.
3) The Indian government aims to achieve 5GW of power generation from small hydro projects by 2022. It provides various
Este documento trata sobre la desobturación del canal radicular. Explica las causas del fracaso de los tratamientos endodónticos, las maniobras previas y posteriores a una desobturación, y las técnicas para realizar una desobturación total o parcial. También describe los errores más comunes y presenta tres casos clínicos como ejemplos.
Are you struggling to fully realize the benefits of Git in your development processes? Watch this webinar to learn the benefits of using Git and how CollabNet’s TeamForge platform, training and services can help improve your Git adoption and performance throughout your global organization.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang antarmuka perangkat memori EEPROM eksternal AT24C01 dengan mikrokontroler menggunakan komunikasi I2C. Dokumen menjelaskan tujuan praktikum untuk mengenal EEPROM dan antarmukanya, dasar teori tentang EEPROM dan komunikasi I2C, langkah-langkah pembuatan rangkaian dan program untuk membaca dan menulis data ke EEPROM.
Are you a software developer who wants to improve your skills? Are you a team lead who enjoys mentoring other developers and improving both their and your coding skills? Or are you a manager who needs to improve the knowledge sharing among your software developers across different projects? Today we will be talking about how Code Reviews can do just this and also improve the code quality of your software projects in the process. Code Review can be a great way to get to know your fellow developers and even learn a different or sometimes better way to build a software solution. At the end of the session you will have a better understanding of the benefits of Code Review as well as some great tips to use in your team today.
Every three-meter square on Earth has been assigned a unique three-word address by What3Words, a London-based company. Chris Sheldrick, co-founder of What3Words, divided the world into 57 trillion three-meter squares and assigned each one three random words to use as an address. What3Words addresses are being used by emergency responders, delivery companies, and organizations like the UN and Red Cross to more easily locate places that lack standard addresses or are difficult to find otherwise. Sheldrick hopes to continue expanding use of the three-word addresses for navigation and deliveries on the ground and potentially in space.
1) Algunas personas huyen del movimiento de Dios porque implica un cambio en su mentalidad y estilo de vida. 2) Los espías presentaron un informe negativo sobre la Tierra Prometida basado en su propia mentalidad en lugar de la realidad. 3) La mayoría del pueblo aún tenía a Egipto en su corazón, por lo que no pudieron conquistar la tierra.
El encerado de diagnóstico es la realización en cera de las restauraciones dentales para diferentes tratamientos odontológicos. Se utiliza para rehabilitaciones estéticas y extensas, evaluar espacios disponibles, confeccionar provisorios y llaves de tallado. Requiere modelos completos y articulados, análisis estético y conocimiento de anatomía y técnicas de encerado. La técnica varía según si la prótesis fija tiene o no remanente, pero siempre implica conformar la anatomía dental en cera
The document discusses the Australian Alpaca Association replacing its logo, including presenting initial design concepts, delays in the process due to seeking legal advice and working with other organizations, and finally announcing a winner after council deliberation in April 2012.
Erin’s Law Addresses Issues of Child Abuse in Schools Beckie Francis
A longtime supporter of child abuse prevention in the United States, Beckie Francis is a board member of Children’s Advocacy Center of Comal County, Inc. Beckie Francis has also been a strong advocate for the passage of Erin’s Law, one of the most significant child advocacy laws in the US’ recent history.
Este documento clasifica las faltas de convivencia escolar en tres tipos y proporciona ejemplos de cada uno. El Tipo I incluye conflictos interpersonales manejados inadecuadamente que pueden involucrar agresiones verbales o físicas sin causar daños. El Tipo II implica situaciones de agresión que causaron daños físicos o mentales pero no incapacidad. El Tipo III constituye delitos penales como amenazas o homicidio.
Savings are nice, but learning is nicer: Libraries linking open textbooks wi...Sarah Cohen
With Marilyn Billings, UMASS Amherst.
This presentation will make the case for how open textbooks and OER can foster collaboration between instruction librarians, scholarly communication librarians, and faculty in order to advance access to course content, improve student learning, and continue the crusade for saving students money on course content.
The Christmas tree is seen as a symbol of everlasting life that is brought into homes during the darkest time of winter. By decorating the tree with meaningful ornaments, families are performing a ritual that builds resonance and protects their family spirit. The lights on the tree symbolize the life force and divine presence that illuminates all, turning the decorated evergreen into an altar of light in the home during the darkest days.
Tromboembolia pulmonar y tuberculosis pulmonarRosit@ MC
1. La tuberculosis es causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis y afecta principalmente los pulmones, pudiendo afectar otros órganos.
2. Se transmite a través de gotitas infectadas expulsadas por personas enfermas al toser, estornudar o hablar.
3. Existen varias especies de micobacterias, siendo M. tuberculosis la principal causante de la tuberculosis en humanos.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas, y han pedido a la gente que se quede en casa tanto como sea posible para frenar la propagación del virus. A medida que los países comienzan a reabrir gradualmente, los expertos advierten que es probable que se produzcan nuevos brotes a menos que se realicen pruebas generalizadas y se implementen sistemas de rastreo de contactos para identificar rá
The document provides an overview of Bruce Power's proposal to return Bruce A Units 1&2 to service through implementing refurbishments, upgrades and enhancements. The proposal, called the Bruce A Refurbishment for Life Extension and Continued Operations Project, aims to enhance safety, increase electricity generation capacity, and ensure the units remain safe through 2043. The project involves maintenance, refurbishment and upgrades of Units 1-4, including fuel channel replacement and steam generator replacement, to enable each unit up to 30 additional years of operation. Waste generated will be handled by Bruce Power and transported to OPG's Western Waste Management Facility for management.
Bruce Power 160072_GuidetoBrucePowerReport_R000_lowresSpreadTony Bernard
Bruce Power has transformed its nuclear generating site over the past 15 years through billions of dollars in private investment. It has returned four previously shut down reactors to service, refurbished other units, and signed a long-term agreement to refurbish six more reactors by 2064, providing 30% of Ontario's electricity for decades to come at a lower cost than other sources. By continuously innovating its maintenance programs, Bruce Power is well positioned to fulfill its commitment to provide safe, reliable, carbon-free electricity to Ontario through 2064.
Evaluation of Electrical Grid Resilience based on ΦΛΕΠ Metrics and Integratio...IRJET Journal
This document evaluates the resilience of an electrical grid based on ΦΛΕΠ metrics and the impact of integrating a nuclear power plant. It analyzes a IEEE 39-bus system using PowerWorld and MATLAB to extract resilience metrics under failure scenarios with and without a nuclear power plant. The study found that a nuclear power plant can help grid resilience by providing continuous base load supply but may also negatively impact resilience due to safety requirements and the inability to quickly restart after shutdown. Integrating a resilient nuclear power plant designed to adapt to abnormalities and improve recovery could enhance overall grid resilience.
The document summarizes the internship experience of a student from Hanoi University of Science and Technology at GE Hitachi in Wilmington, North Carolina. The internship lasted 10 weeks and involved designing a shroud head bolt through brainstorming, 3D modeling, analysis, and evaluation. The student learned about nuclear technology, toured facilities, and presented on Vietnamese culture. They also visited Washington D.C. and met with embassy officials to discuss US-Vietnam relations and opportunities for cooperation. Overall, the internship provided valuable professional experience in engineering design processes.
Delay Claims Mitigation for US Nuclear Power Plant ConstructionCharles Fournier
This document discusses applying outage scope management principles to nuclear power plant construction projects in the US. It notes that EPRI previously advocated for construction times of less than 3 years through standardized design, modular construction, and well-controlled schedules. However, modularization alone may not prevent scope creep from disrupting schedules and increasing costs. The document argues that outage managers have developed rigorous techniques for controlling emergent scope during shutdowns, and these techniques could fulfill EPRI's goal of accelerated construction if also applied during new build projects. However, their applicability to large-scale new construction is uncertain given differences from outage management. The document concludes scope discipline is critical for nuclear projects to be delivered on time and on budget.
This document discusses a mini hydro power generation project using a spherical turbine inside pipelines. It aims to analyze the performance of the spherical turbine, assess power generation feasibility and costs. The project would take advantage of existing water pipelines to generate renewable energy. A pipe power system is proposed that uses a lift-based spherical turbine inside pipes to convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into electricity. Key components discussed include the turbine, generator, electronics and a control/monitoring system. The system has potential to generate clean, low-cost power from water pressure and flow within pipes.
IMPROVING NUCLEAR POWER PLANT\'S OPERATIONALJoe Miller
The document discusses ways that nuclear power plant operational efficiencies have improved in the US over the last 40 years. It states that while the number of plants has remained constant, the percentage of nuclear power in the energy mix has increased due to a substantial rise in capacity factor from 60% in 1980 to over 90% today. This was achieved primarily by reducing outage times, extending fuel cycles, using higher-burnup fuel, and decreasing unplanned outages and fuel failures. The improvements allowed nuclear plants to generate more electricity without building new reactors.
Evaluating expected and comparing with observed risks on a large-scale solar ...Turlough Guerin GAICD FGIA
The overwhelming benefits of building solar power plants instead of fossil fuel powered sites for new generation
capacity outweigh the less significant risks, some of which are identified in this study on the construction stage
of a utility-scale solar energy (USSE) project. This project confirmed and clarified the nature of environmental
and community risks to be expected on Australian construction sites. Expected risks from desk top studies and
related planning requirements captured the majority of those risks actually experienced in the field during the
construction phase. The large number of approval conditions (set by the relevant regulatory authorities; state
and local) for the construction stage of the project, are arguably excessive compared with the risk profile of the
project, and the overall positive benefits to the environment, economy and local community. The environmental
and community risks of greatest concern (including dust control, optimising vegetation growth under the
panels, waste management, a lack of common understanding of expectations for local job opportunities), while
planned and eventually managed, could have been more efficiently addressed by further upfront investigations,
and questioning and enhancing the governance processes by the engineering procurement construction (EPC)
entity (or constructor). For example, managing the end-of-life packaging materials (EOLPMs) was a specific
unexpected risk on the project during the construction stage, which can be overcome on future remote location
projects by enhancing the design and execution of project-level contracts and securing partners such as resource
recovery companies or other end users (of EOLPMs) at the earlier, planning stage. Recommendations for
regulators include to reduce approval constraints on new low-emissions electricity developments, particularly at
the state and local government level. These should be considerably less onerous than building new fossil fuel
electricity generation infrastructure. A sharper focus on regulatory red tape reduction will enhance USSE project
adoption.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Lekha Raj Meena, a final year electrical engineering student, after completing a 60 day training program at the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) facility in Rawatbhata, Rajasthan. It provides an overview of NPCIL and the Rajasthan Atomic Power Station, where the student received hands-on experience observing the various systems and equipment used in nuclear power generation, helping to understand concepts studied in textbooks. The report includes sections on nuclear power production processes, India's nuclear power program, the main components of a nuclear power plant, different reactor types, site selection criteria, waste management, safety, and an environmental survey lab.
The document discusses operations and maintenance (O&M) practices at thermal power stations to improve efficiency. It provides examples from Kyushu Electric Power Co., which has implemented preventative and condition-based maintenance programs. Key measures taken by Kyushu include periodic inspections and replacements, improving boiler components like soot blowers and burners, and rehabilitating turbines by replacing aged parts to maintain efficiency over the plant lifetime.
Over the past 15 years, Australia’s renewable energy market has continued to attract massive interest from
Developers, Contractors, manufacturers, governments and local and international investors. This reflects global
energy trends driven by factors such as a push for diversification of energy sources and asset classes,
government incentives for clean energy technology developments and, importantly, the decreasing cost of
electricity from renewable energy sources.
The renewable energy industry in Australia is well-established and mature for some technologies (eg wind,
rooftop solar PV), developing in others (eg utility scale solar PV, solar thermal/CSP and hybrid solar) and at
commercialisation stage in others (eg geothermal, wave).
At this time of increasing market interest and development, it is relevant to consider key issues and market
trends in the construction, operation and regulatory aspects of projects, and critical bankability considerations
relating to each of these issues. While this paper focuses on issues that are of most interest to project Sponsors
and Lenders, many of these considerations are equally relevant to Contractors. This paper considers these
issues in the context of utility scale solar and wind projects in Australia.
The document discusses Bangladesh's first nuclear power plant called the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) which is under construction. It will be located in Ishwardi, Pabna district and will have 2 units capable of producing 2,400 MW of electricity total. The RNPP is expected to begin operations in 2023 and will provide a safe, reliable and affordable source of clean energy for Bangladesh to meet its growing electricity demands. It discusses the technical features and safety standards that are in place to ensure safe operations.
The document summarizes the nuclear supply chain in Canada. It discusses the Organization of CANDU Industries (OCI) which represents over 160 Canadian companies involved in supplying goods and services to the domestic and international nuclear industry. OCI members collectively employ over 30,000 Canadians. The document outlines key Canadian and international customers of the nuclear industry. It also highlights the economic benefits of nuclear energy in Canada, projected growth in the global nuclear market, and opportunities for Canadian companies in areas like decommissioning and waste management.
This document provides details of a summer training project conducted by Ashwani Kumar at Power Finance Corporation analyzing the appraisal and financial modeling of a proposed 660 MW thermal power plant in Tamil Nadu, India. It includes an introduction to the Indian power sector, company profile of PFC, objectives and scope, guidance on project appraisal and financial modeling, case study of the proposed plant, SWOT analysis, and conclusions and recommendations.
Rooppur Atomic Power Plant, Bangladesh.Mehedi Hassan
The document discusses the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (RNPP) that is under construction in Bangladesh. It notes that RNPP will help meet Bangladesh's growing electricity demand and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Construction of the 2,400 MW plant began in 2016 and is being funded primarily by Russia. It will incorporate multi-layer safety and mitigation systems to prevent radiation exposure. The plant is expected to begin operations in 2022-2023 and provide clean, reliable electricity for 60 years. Nuclear energy can play an important role in Bangladesh's development by providing massive base load power without greenhouse gas emissions.
Decommissioning Renaissance HPS News vol43no06 June 2015Eric Abelquist
This document discusses the growing trend of nuclear plant decommissioning internationally and in the United States. While the predicted nuclear renaissance did not come to fruition, decommissioning is experiencing its own renaissance as many aging nuclear plants reach the end of their lifespans. Market forces like cheap natural gas and slack demand are driving early retirements in the US. Internationally, Germany is phasing out nuclear power entirely and Japan is focusing on decommissioning Fukushima. Over 200 nuclear reactors worldwide are expected to be decommissioned by 2040 at a cost of over $100 billion. Decommissioning is poised for significant growth as the number of retired plants increases.
Virtual Power Plants: Decentralized and Efficient Power DistributionShafkat Chowdhury
The paper discusses the emerging technology that is Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) as a means for smart Power Management solutions. It discusses the features and functionalities of VPPs and the current projects being implemented.
The Desert Sunlight solar farm in Riverside County, CA is a 550 megawatt photovoltaic power plant that provides enough electricity for 160,000 homes. It uses over 8.9 million solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity for distribution to the power grid. A simulation of the plant's electrical configuration was conducted in MATLAB Simulink to validate its stability and performance. The plant utilizes high efficiency thin-film cadmium telluride solar panels that were developed by First Solar. The Desert Sunlight project demonstrates the viability of utility-scale solar power as a supplement to traditional fossil fuel generation.
A number of factors are contributing to increases in renewable energy production in the United
States (and beyond). These factors include rapidly declining costs of electricity produced from
renewable energy sources, regulatory and policy obligations and incentives, and moves to reduce
pollution from fossil fuel-based power generation, including greenhouse gas emissions. While
not all renewable energy sources are variable, two such technologies – wind and solar PV –
currently dominate the growth of renewable electricity production. The production from wind
and solar PV tries to capture the freely available but varying amount of wind and solar
irradiance. As the share of electricity produced from variable renewable resources grows, so does
the need to integrate these resources in a cost-effective manner, i.e., to ensure that total
electricity production from all sources including variable renewable generation equals electricity
demand in real time. Also, a future electric system characterized by a rising share of renewable
energy will likely require concurrent changes to the existing transmission and distribution
(T&D) infrastructure. While this report does not delve into that topic, utilities, grid operators
and regulators must carefully plan for needed future investments in T&D, given the lead times
and complexities involved.
2. 2
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary 3
2.0 Introduction 3
3.0 Operations Management 4
3.1 Operators 4
3.2 Maintenance 5
3.3 Engineering 5
3.4 Planning 5
3.5 Management 5
4.0 Bruce Power vs The Industry 5
5.0 Bruce Powers Top 3 Performance Objectives 6
5.1 Quality 6
5.2 Dependability 7
5.3 Flexibility 7
6.0 Processes 8
6.1 Customer Service Strategies 8
6.2 Scheduling Operations 9
6.3 Process Analysis & Improvement 10
6.4 Supply Chain Management 10
7.0 Lean Processes 12
8.0 Capacity Management 14
9.0 Conclusion & Recommendations 16
10.0 Bibliography 18
Figures
A Process Chart 8
B Bruce Powers’ Output vs. Ontario’s Coal Output 12
C Generator Output by Fuel Type 14
3. 3
1.0 Executive Summary
The purpose of this report was to examine the operations of the Bruce Power
nuclear operating facility. Bruce Power operates the largest privately owned
nuclear facility in the world with a generating capacity of 6,300MW. The company is
known as an industry leader in innovation and operations. The facility is
operational 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Quality, reliability and flexibility are
the core performance objectives of the company. Using these objectives has allowed
the company to bring safe, reliable energy to the residence of Ontario since 2001.
Bruce Power has proven to be an innovative force in the industry. For example, the
project of refurbishing the four Bruce A reactors starting in 2005 and bringing them
back onto the provincial grid in 2012. They will need to use the knowledge they
gained from their first experience in improving the processes during the impending
task of refurbishing the Bruce B reactors. Having this project run smoothly will help
ease the pressure on the provincial electricity grid. Bruce Power has shown they
can learn as they move forward, proven by the exponential improvement from
refurbishing the first reactor to the second. Successful supply chain management is
imperative to Bruce Power’s continuing operations due to the fact that there are a
limited number of possible suitors. The operational excellence of Bruce Power has
been proven by the consistency of production from their reactors. They hold a
record for operational continuous-run from units 5-8 and unit six was the top
operating reactor in the world for 2012. The company was also an integral part of
Ontario being the first jurisdiction in North America to successfully phase out coal-
plants. All facts and data in this report are from secondary research.
2.0 Introduction
Bruce Power is a nuclear generating facility privately owned between TransCanada
Corporation, Cameco Corporation, the Power Workers’ Union, The Society of Energy
Professionals and Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System [OMERS]
(Power, 2012). Bruce Power is capable of generating 6,300 mega watts or over 30%
of Ontario, Canada’s electricity and has a work force of 4,100 employees (Power,
2015). This makes Bruce Power the largest nuclear generating facility in the world.
The province of Ontario, its ratepayers, and Ontario’s Long Term Energy Plan
depend on Bruce Power for a reliable source of clean and affordable electricity now
and for decades to come (Power, 2012). The power plant is located on the shores of
Lake Huron, at Douglas Point approximately 3 hours east of Toronto, Canada.
Construction began in 1960 and the original reactor began producing energy in
1968 (Swords, n.d.). The Canadian government funded and ran the first reactor
until 2001, when Bruce Power took over as a privately owned company (Swords,
n.d.). Bruce Power now consists of Bruce A and B, which each operates four CANDU
heavy water pressurized nuclear reactors. The province of Ontario owns the land
where the nuclear facility is located and the assets on site. Bruce Power and the
4. 4
province have made a long-term agreement until 2040 that has the company pay
annual rent as well as all costs included in waste management (Power, 2012).
3.0 Operations Management
Nuclear power plants need employees working at all times of the day (Chen, 2004).
At a multi-reactor plant like Bruce Power, there is a shift manager that is
responsible for the site. Bruce Power being the largest nuclear facility in the world,
they have a shift manager at both Bruce A and Bruce B. While some nuclear
facilities that only have one reactor may not have a shift manager that is in charge of
the entire site (World Nuclear Association, 2015). Nuclear power plants have to
stop operating the reactors every one to two years for refueling outages. While the
reactors are off-line, the operators will manipulate the new fuel and transfer it into
the reactor while removing the existing fuel (Chen, 2004). The skills and knowledge
needed as a nuclear operator are frequently tested by having re-qualification
training (Chen, 2004). All operators need to be licensed by the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission (CNSC). The CNSC have staff members present at all nuclear
stations in Canada and have access to inspect and review all operations. The CNSC
Commission Tribunal is appointed individuals who provide oversight on all nuclear
activities in Canada and their approval of some activities is required before being
able to execute the given activity (Power, 2015).
There are many sectors of operations in a nuclear power plant and they all need to
be functioning successfully and up to the regulations of the CNSC (Power, 2015). To
ensure safe and reliable continued operations of a nuclear reactor a plant needs all
sectors communicating with one another (Chen, 2004). Operators, maintenance,
engineering, planning, management and human resource management sectors, all
need to be correlating on safety issues or projects that need to be undertaken to
keep the reactors operating (Power, 2004). For Bruce Power’s planned outages to
refuel reactors are organized with the provincial grid to ensure there will be enough
electricity being produced while the reactors are offline (Power, 2007). However, if
a reactor or reactors disconnect from the grid before scheduled maintenance, it puts
strain on the provincial grid. In some cases, there may not be enough electricity
being produced, which would cause blackouts (www.ieso.ca, 2015). Having all the
facets of operations working together is how Bruce Power received ‘Fully
Satisfactory’ on their annual report card from the CNSC, the highest mark given out
(Power, 2015)
Chen, (2004) explains activities by sector of operations in a nuclear energy
generating facility are:
3.1 Operators
Processing radioactive liquids and gases
5. 5
Testing emergency equipment
Supporting maintenance
Executing minor maintenance
3.2 Maintenance
Surveillance testing
Preventative maintenance
Planning and Scheduling
Repair Work Priority 1 (safety problems)
Repair Work Priority 2 (focus on keeping the plant operating)
Repair Work Priority 3 (corrective work orders)
“Fix it now” (simple maintenance work)
3.3 Engineering
Maintenance support
Plant modification
Licensing
3.4 Planning
Maintenance planning
Scheduling outages
Planning outage tasks
3.5 Management
Senior managers that have oversight over the plant tasks include; oversight of
operations and assigning resources to unexpected work and determining which
activity holds priority (Chen, 2004). The human resource management sector is
involved in determining which activities needs engineers, operators, carpenters or
other specialty employees to ensure the completion of the projects (Power, 2012).
4.0 Bruce Power vs. The Industry
Since nuclear reactors became operational around the world, many of them are
coming to the end of their lifecycle (Swords, n.d.). This puts companies and
governments in a difficult situation because building new ones can cost billions of
dollars. So projects are being undertaken to refurbish the existing reactors to
extend their operational life. When Bruce Power formed in 2001, reactors 1 and 2
of Bruce A had been shutdown since 1995 and 1998 respectively (Power, 2004).
Also, reactors’ 3 and 4 had more recently been taken offline. Ontario Hydro, who
owned and operated the plant in the 90’s, decided to focus resources on the
operational reactors of Bruce B (Power, 2012). Bruce Power was able to bring back
6. 6
units 3 and 4 by 2004 to operational status. In the nuclear industry, never before
had reactors that have been laying dormant for nearly two decades, been
refurbished and brought back in to service. Units 1 and 2 were brought back into
service in 2012 and were declared fit for service until 2043 after $7 billion had been
invested into site improvements. Having all eight reactors operational again has
made Bruce Power the largest nuclear generating facility in the world with the
ability to provide 6,300 megawatts of power (Power, 2012). With restoration of
Bruce A and the extra capacity of the company, Ontario has been able to shut down
coal plants and improve the health of Ontario residents. With all the funds and
resources Bruce Power has invested into the facility, here are some of the highlights
of their operational status:
Reactor 4 has been one of the most consistent reactors in the past 10 years
worldwide
Reactors at Bruce B (5-8) operated for 125 straight days during 2012-13,
which is a continuous-run record in the industry
Reactor 7 by itself set its own new standard being operational for 460
straight days
World Association of Nuclear Operators’ Nuclear Performance Index (NPI)
declared unit 6 the top operating reactor in the world for 2012 and broke the
continuous operational days record with 556
Units 5-8 ran at 95% capacity for 2012
These highlights show how well Bruce Power is operating in the nuclear industry
and that their operations are a model for other organisations in the industry to try
and reenact.
5.0 Bruce Powers Top 3 Performance Objectives
5.1 Quality
The nuclear industry as a whole and Bruce Power’s most important performance
objective is quality. Safety is by far and away the most critical part of operating a
nuclear facility (Power, 2012). In March 2011, when a tsunami hit Japan and
crippled the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear facility, it reminded everyone involved in
the nuclear industry that safety and quality is paramount (Power, 2012). When a
reactor or other equipment fails, it can knock out a reactor from operational status
causing stress on other reactors to produce enough electricity to support the
provincial grid (Power, 2015). Since Bruce Power took over the power plant in
2001, an asset management program was created to have safe operations of the
reactors. This program has been key to enhance the operational performance and
add additional life to the units (Power, 2015). The reactors must have planned
outages coordinated with other energy suppliers as to not put stress on the
provincial grid; this is when the equipment maintenance is performed. Some of the
critical components where quality is a must are the steam generators, feeder pipes
7. 7
and fuel channels (Power, 2015). The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission [CNSC]
has officers on site at all times monitoring the quality and safety of Bruce Powers’
operations.
5.2 Dependability
The residents of Ontario depend on Bruce Power to deliver safe, reliable, and
affordable electricity for decades to come. It is imperative that the nuclear site
delivers the amount of electricity expected of them to the provincial grid. If Bruce
Power for some reason didn’t provide the energy expected, residents could be
without electricity at their homes or businesses. Bruce Power has the capability
when all eight reactors are operational, to produce 6,300 mega watts of electricity
(Power, 2015). Bruce Power takes reactors offline for planned outages to improve
the reliability of the units by executing inspections and maintenance of the
equipment. Ensuring all equipment involved in the reactor is reliable until the next
planned outage is critically important to Ontario’s energy plan (Swords, n.d.).
Shutting down a reactor before the scheduled outages puts strain on the entire
energy industry, which is why the reliability of the equipment is so important.
Bruce Power uses a monitoring technique to provide early detection of any process
or equipment issues (Power, 2015). This online software has yielded benefits to the
safety and reliability of the equipment by detecting deficiencies early and is
considered industry leading technology (Power, 2015).
5.3 Flexibility
Bruce Powers operations have to be extremely flexible during a project like
refurbishing the Bruce B reactors. Millions of dollars will be spent ensuring the
quality and reliability of the project. However, to complete the task, Bruce Power
will have to rely heavily on procurement. Depending on which activity is being
worked on, the amount of workers and their specialties will have to adjust
accordingly. The process of refurbishing the reactors in Bruce A had many different
innovative projects in the construction industry as well as the nuclear industry
(Power, 2012). To deliver safe and reliable electricity, Bruce Power needs to stay
flexible so they are able to handle any type of project that becomes necessary.
8. 8
6.0 Processes
Figure A
6.1 Customer Service Strategies
Health and safety is by far and away the most important aspect of running a nuclear
facility such as the Bruce power plant (Power, 2012). The company prides itself on their
safety and also producing electricity in a way that benefits the people of Ontario. On
April 15, 2014 Ontario officially shut down their final coal-generating plant becoming
the first jurisdiction in North America to accomplish this feat (Power, 2014). Phasing out
coal power plants in Ontario reduces smog and air pollution in Ontario helping the
Lake
Water
Heating Fuel
Water Boils
Turbine
Spins
Turbine
Drives
Generator
Electricity
to Homes
and
Businesses
Mechanical
Energy to
Electricity
Electricity to
transformer
Transformer
produces
correct
voltage
Operation /
Value Adding
Transport Direction of
Flow
ActivityInput / Output
9. 9
residents lead a healthier life (Marshall, 2013). Bruce Power was an integral part of
Ontario being able to create enough energy without the coal plants. The initiative was
started in 2003, which was also the time the four reactors in Bruce A were still dormant.
Bruce Power invested 7 billion in the complete refurbishment of the reactors. When the
final reactor came back online at Bruce Power, Ontario had over 3000 MW of clean,
reliable energy they had not had since the 90’s (Power, 2013). This made Bruce Power
an integral part of providing cleaner air and a healthier future to their customers, the
residence of Ontario (Power, 2014). By the time the last coal facility was shut down and
converted to biomass, Bruce Power was producing 70% of carbon-free electricity that the
province needed to complete the overhaul (Power, 2014).
Since the disaster at the Fukushima nuclear facility in Japan in 2011, Bruce Power has
made a conscience decision to keep the community and province more informed of the
safety measures being taken (Power, 2011). After the tsunami, the nuclear industry took
heavy criticism about the safety of the industry. Part of this backlash from the public was
due to lack of knowledge about the industry (Power, 2011). Since then, Bruce Power has
taken steps to improve their proactive and regulatory response, as well as their off-site
capability and emergency preparedness. The company took their safety precautions to
the next level in 2012 by having the Huron Challenge, a four-day full-scale emergency
simulation. Bruce Power passed the exercise that was organized by Emergency
Management Ontario with flying colors (Power, 2012). Communicating with the public
via public hearings, visitors center and their website, Bruce Power is committed to
delivering safe energy and informing the public how they will achieve it (Power, 2012).
Due to Bruce Powers’ outreach efforts to make the public more knowledgeable about the
industry and their concerns; they have received a positive response in a province wide
poll. Bruce Power completed a poll across the province to find out if the public was in
support of refurbishing the reactors to make nuclear energy the majority long-term
provider for Ontario. Support for the project came back at 74% up 10% since 2012
(Power, 2013).
6.2 Scheduling Operations
When Bruce Powers’ reactors are online, they operate around the clock. 365 days a year
Bruce Power has employees, operators and shift managers producing electricity (Power,
2015). The scheduling of maintenance and refurbishments of the reactors is coordinated
with the IESO [Independent Electricity Supply Operator]. When unforeseen projects or
maintenance issues arise, Bruce Power reacts immediately and the IESO must manage
the provincial grid accordingly. This will be covered more in depth within capacity
management.
10. 10
6.3 Process Analysis and Improvement
Since Bruce Power began revitalizing the site in 2001, starting with successfully
reactivating reactors 3 and 4 in Bruce A to operational status in 2003, they had invested 7
billion by 2013 (Power, 2013). This is part of their long-term vision of producing safe
and reliable energy until 2040. To continue improvements in operations and processes,
they have stated they will continue to invest $1 billion a year over the next 15 years
(Power, 2013). The operational status has continued to improve with the modernization
of Bruce B and the complete refurbishment of units 1 and 2 in Bruce A. Bruce Power
also realizes in the future there is room for improvement in predictability of future
projects. The mega-project of refurbishing Bruce A was to be completed by 2010 but it
experienced unforeseen delays and was not finished until 2012 (Langlois and Agency,
2012) The project was also budgeted for $2.75 billion and ended up costing $4.8 billion.
The project however is not considered a failure. It was the first time in history that
reactors had come back to operational status after lying dormant for nearly two decades
(Power, 2012). The engineering, construction and nuclear activities that were completed
innovated the way the industry approached refurbishing reactors. Many of the activities
that were completed were thought to not be possible. For example, the roof was
meticulously pulled back on Bruce A and for the first time using one of the largest cranes
in the world; eight steam generators were replaced (Power, 2012). During the
refurbishment project, Bruce Power demonstrated their prowess for improving as they
moved forward. Unit 2 was replaced before unit 1 and there was remarkable signs of
improvement. The second time through they were faster by:
57% Replacing steam generator
8% Removing pressure tubes
53% Preparing and cleaning the reactor
42% Installing pressure tubes
77% Removing calandria tubes
50% Refurbishing electrical system
(Power, 2012)
When the Bruce B units need to be refurbished, Bruce Power will have to learn from their
previous experiences to ensure the project remains on time and within budget. Learning
from their mistakes in the process of the project will help to create stable energy output to
the grid and have the reactors in operational status on schedule next time around. Bruce
Power is always trying to be an industry leader by setting the bar in the industry with new
creative ways to improve operations (Power, 2013).
6.4 Supply Chain Management
Analyzing the supply chain for Bruce Power this report will focus on the supply
chain needed in refurbishing the four reactors in Bruce B. The company Atomic
Energy of Canada (AECL) is the most important first tier supplier of Bruce Power
11. 11
(Hylko, 2013). The AECL is a Canadian company that produces CANDU reactors,
which stands for CANada Deuterium Uranium (Power, 2012). The eight reactors at
Bruce Power are CANDU’s, which act as the moderator in the fission process while
uranium makes the fuel. When the reactors at Bruce B are taken out of service for
refurbishment in the next couple years the AECL will play an instrumental role such
as when the reactors in Bruce A were refurbished. During the previous
refurbishment, the AECL was tasked with supplying the fuel channel and calandria
tube replacement (Hylko, 2013). This is an essential part of repairing the reactors
and a good relationship with the AECL is imperative to the operations of Bruce
Power. Assuming Bruce Power will continue the supply chain from the previous
refurbishment, Babcock & Wilcox Canada will be the manufacturer of new steam
generator vessels. Comstock Canada will supply the steam generator and valves.
Once the steam generator is refurbished Siemens Canada will supply the turbine
generator. But, before any of these projects are started RCM-Fox will have to supply
the safe shutdown components for taking the reactors off-line (Hylko, 2013).
The previously mentioned first-tier suppliers help to sustain Bruce Powers’
business and get the product to the customers. The first tier customer of Bruce
Power is the Ontario Power Authority (OPA). The OPA controls the price per output
of Bruce Powers’ energy, which in 2013 on average was 6.2 cents per kilowatt an
hour (IESO, 2013). From all sources of energy with the OPA, this is among the
lowest current cost generation in the province. The OPA and Bruce Power agreed
upon a new contract in 2013 for refurbishment of Bruce B to ensure the reactors are
fit for operations until the end of the decade. The new contract will pay Bruce
Power the lowest amount for energy generation in the province at 5.2 cents a
kilowatt an hour. This agreement helps to ensure safe, reliable and affordable
electricity to the residents of Ontario (IESO, 2013). Currently the 4 reactors’
operational lives end date would be between 2016 and 2019. After the
refurbishments, all Bruce B reactors will be fit for service until 2020 (IESO, 2013).
The final customers [second tier customer] of Bruce Powers’ energy are the
residents of Ontario, who receive electricity into their homes, schools and
businesses. With the 2013 contract finalized, it ensures affordable electricity due to
Bruce Power being able to operate at full capacity or 6,300 MW until 2020 (IESO,
2013).
12. 12
Figure B
(TalkNuclear, 2015)
7.0 Lean Processes
Bruce Power is operating using lean processes where they can. The company is the
lowest-cost energy generating facility in the province of Ontario (IESO, 2013). Also,
they are the largest nuclear facility of its kind in the world, with eight operating
CANDU reactors (Power, 2012). The capacity to produce 6,300 MW of electricity to
the residence of Ontario makes up over 30% of consumption in the province.
However, producing nuclear energy produces waste. The waste that is made at a
nuclear facility is broken down into four categories: hazardous, conventional,
recyclables and radioactive (Power, 2012). Bruce Power has waste minimization
and waste management programs but all of these practices need to meet regulatory
requirements and environmental policies. In the operations of a nuclear plant,
waste is inevitable but Bruce Power is trying to minimize the amount of waste,
especially the kind that falls into the hazardous category. When it is deemed
13. 13
hazardous, Bruce Power will sample and analyze it on site and when it has
radiological characteristics it will be sent to an external laboratory for further
analysis (Power, 2012). Bruce Power is in a long-term agreement to rent the land
the site it’s located on. Part of the agreement is that Bruce Power is financially
responsible for waste management issues. They are trying to implement lean
processes in reducing waste and also the transportation of waste. By minimizing
waste, they in-turn reduce the cost of transportation to the various waste
management facilities. The processes that produce waste and the amount of waste
being produced is monitored all the time internally and externally by CNSC (Power,
2012). By reducing the amount of waste, aids in Bruce Power being able to comply
with the strict regulations set in “waste management”. This also conserves space at
the facilities that store the different kinds of waste. For example:
Landfills
Hazardous waste management facilities
Radioactive waste management facilities
(Power, 2012)
Other reasons why Bruce Power is trying to use lean operations in the production of
waste other than transportation and processing waste are:
Reduce staff exposure
Reduce contractors exposure
Limit potential zones on site that radiological waste must cross over
Ensure safety of the public
(Power, 2012)
For the future to ensure the reduction and management of waste, Bruce Power has
declared they are developing a more proactive system to see waste steams [where
in the process they are developed] especially hazardous or radioactive waste
(Power, 2012). They have also stated that more focus on gathering information in
terms of volume, weight and number of waste packages that are in need of transport
will be beneficial in creating a more lean process. Bruce Power is trying to create a
leaner process while meeting all regulatory mandates. Other ways for the company
to create this process is by researching and beneficial waste diversion alternatives.
Ontario Power Generation [OPG] has made a proposal that would make it possible
for Bruce Power to store waste on site. This would save time and money on
transportation to waste management facilities. The proposal is that the waste
would be buried deep underground. However, it would not be all the waste
produced, only the low and intermediate-levels. The CNSC would need to approve
the plan and it would have to meet all regulatory requirements (Solid Waste &
Recycling, 2014). Bruce Power is trying to implement lean processes when and
wherever they can. Conversely, due to safety issues and regulatory systems in place
in the industry, improvement means a lot of hurdles to overcome.
14. 14
8.0 Capacity Management
Figure C
(www.ieso.ca, 2015)
As per the above chart, nuclear power supplies over 50% of the electricity within
Ontario. When Bruce Power has all eight reactors operating to full capacity, they are
able to produce 6,300 mw or 30% of Ontario’s power (Power, 2012). The
companies’ current contract pays 5.2 cents per kilowatt-hour (IESO, 2013).
However, with refueling the reactors and the impending refurbishing of all four
reactors in Bruce B, having all eight reactors operating is an ideal circumstance.
Spears, (2013) explained that Ontario power has a lot more stability when Bruce
Power is operating at full capacity. In 2006, Ontario reached an all time high of
27,000 MW during a heat wave in the summer and blackouts ensued because it was
during the refurbishment of Bruce A reactors 1 and 2. Since the Bruce got units 1
15. 15
and 2 back online in 2012, Ontario’s demand has not exceeded supply and has
handled heat waves with ease (Spears, 2013). Bruce Power correlates with the IESO
(Independent Electricity System Operator) on how much electricity they will be able
to provide throughout the year. The power plant supplies as much electricity as
they can barring outages or other maintenance activities which are all planned with
the IESO (IESO, 2015). Maintenance and servicing the equipment is imperative in
keeping the safety and reliability standards of Bruce Power so the actual capacity
management is done by the IESO to ensure the electricity needs of Ontario is met
(Power, 2012).
IESO (2015) states they work with all energy providers in Ontario and continuously
monitor Ontario’s power system. They balance the demand with the supply of
energy 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. They maintain
reliability in real-time but are also in charge of maintaining reliability to the
province’s power system (IESO, 2015). Within Ontario, there is a growing number
of reactors and other forms of generating power that are in need of projects due to
their age or other circumstances. The IESO is responsible for forecasting the supply
and demand, as well as reporting on the progress of the projects that will impact the
provincial power grid (IESO, 2015). IESO forecasts 18 months in advance to assess
the supply and transmission needed to provide the province with their electricity
needs. The forecasts that the company takes into account include the day of the
week, weather forecasts, holidays and other factors (IESO, 2015). These forecasts
help Bruce Power and other energy suppliers plan their maintenance and other
operations to ensure enough electricity is supplied. These forecasts are extremely
accurate. Nevertheless, the operators of IESO’s control room need to be able to
adjust supply on a five-minute basis (IESO, 2015). The IESO prepares an 18-month
forecast that informs energy producers on the demand that will be needed so they
can plan their equipment outages accordingly. The forecast is prepared using
normal weather conditions and extreme. The forecasts also take into account
historical demand and economic projections (IESO, 2015). To make these forecasts,
the IESO collects information from all energy suppliers and their output capabilities,
as well as their future output capabilities during the 18-month period. Also, making
forecasts is based on services that are planned on going on an outage or coming
back into generation as well as long-term projects status (IESO, 2015). These
forecasts and information acquired by the IESO is to ensure the reliability and
coordination of the projects and maintenance needed to supply the Ontario
electricity system.
Forecasting by the IESO is imperative and lies at the core of the reliability standards
set out by the North American Reliability Corporation (NERC). The NERC is in
charge of operating and planning the bulk power system across North America. The
IESO and other electricity systems throughout North America are all interconnected
so if one grid is unstable or not producing enough power, other grids will be affected
as well (IESO, 2015). Having a set standard for reliability of operations and
equipment across North America helps forecasting the supply and demand for the
grid. The IESO maintains agreements with their neighboring power suppliers to
16. 16
ensure the stable and reliable supply of energy. This helps when the forecasting is
off due to any major surges or declines in demand. When Ontario is not producing
enough power, they can import from their partners as well as when there is a
surplus they can export. Ontario has an agreement with Quebec, Manitoba,
Michigan, New York and Minnesota (IESO, 2013). This helps Bruce Power when
they have to take reactors offline such as refueling reactors or major projects such
as refurbishing their reactors. Bruce Power has to undertake a massive project by
refurbishing the 4 reactors in Bruce B in the next 1 to 2 years. This means the IESO
will have to rely on others for supply because it will be approximately 5 years until
they will be reconnected to the grid. When Bruce Power refurbished the reactors in
Bruce A, the project took from 2005 until 2012 (Power, 2013).
On April 15, 2015, Bruce Powers’ four reactors from the Bruce B site were taken
offline for a vacuum building outage (Polka, 2015). This is an essential maintenance
stoppage that in general, will keep the reactors down for a month. Polka, (2015)
poses the question, when Bruce Power has four reactors taken off the grid, where
should the IESO and Ontario generate the missing 3,268 MW. This is the challenge
of capacity management in the energy industry. Can hydro, wind or gas or a
combination of all three make up the difference? Capacity management in energy
supply is a very tricky proposition, but the IESO takes into consideration everything
they have learned in the past. For instance, this recent outage at Bruce B was
strategically planned for the spring because hydro capacity is highest at this time of
year. When winter snow melts and water levels are higher, hydro’s capacity
increases. This will help to make up the difference in supply while the reactors are
down. Nuclear power is the workhorse for providing energy in Ontario but
maintenance and other projects are essential to the operations and safety of the
reactors. So when Bruce Power can not supply their maximum output, capacity
management becomes an industry wide situation (Polka, 2015)
9.0 Conclusion & Recommendations
Bruce Power is an industry leader in innovation and operations. They are the only
privately owned nuclear generating facility in Ontario. This allows them to invest
without the approval of the government and improve operations where they see fit
(Power, 2015). The company has also set the standard by refurbishing the four
reactors in Bruce A, that was a project thought previously to be impossible in the
industry (Power, 2012). Bruce Power continues to learn from their past
experiences and improve their operations. The four reactors at the Bruce B site
have an impending refurbishment project and the issues that arose during the
refurbishment at Bruce A should aid in the speed and quality of the work this time
around. The company plans on injecting $1 billion dollars a year over the next 15
years to ensure they remain an industry leader and at the forefront of innovative
ideas in the nuclear sector. Bruce Power’s operations will have to continue to reach
the regulatory mandate set out by the CNSC. This is the main priority of any nuclear
facility due to the fact that the CNSC has the authority to shut down production at
any time when operations, safety or waste management fail to meet their
17. 17
requirements. Included in meeting the CNSC criteria’s that all employees remain
qualified and re-qualified to ensure they can remain on the job and keep operations
ongoing. The three most important performance objectives should remain the
same. Stressing the importance of quality/safety and reliability will keep electricity
coming to the people of Ontario. The safety of the community/employees and the
reliance of affordable electricity to heat homes, schools and businesses are of the
utmost importance in sustaining operational control of the power plant. Flexibility
is the third most imperative performance objective due to the IESO and controlling
outages and maintenance around them. Also, during projects such as refurbishing
the Bruce B reactors’ flexibility of man power and contractors will help to complete
the project on time and get the reactors back on the grid in a timely fashion.
Continuing to keep the public informed on safety precautions that are being taken
and informing them about the nuclear industry, is imperative on keeping their
support. Bruce Power needs to have continued excellence in supplier relationships.
For example, the AECL is the only company that produces CANDU reactors. Being
able to refurbish and maintain their eight reactors, Bruce Power needs the support
and contract work availability of the AECL. Of the activities included in producing
and maintaining operations in nuclear power, there is a limited number of possible
suppliers, so healthy relationships with their suppliers is a must. The main
responsibility of Bruce Power is to produce enough electricity to the end customer,
which are the people who reside in Ontario and meet their demand. This is aided by
the IESO, the Darlington/Pickering nuclear power plants and other forms of energy
generation (Spears, 2013). Continuing to innovate and improve their lean processes
adhering to the regulatory confinements of the industry will help to reduce waste
and keep Bruce Power at the high-end of the nuclear industry. Minimizing the
waste created at the power plant continues to be an issue that Bruce Power should
try and improve. The proposal to store waste on site would reduce transportation
costs and the company should do everything in its power to aid in the process of
having it approved. The amount of waste produced at a nuclear site is an ongoing
issue in the industry and Bruce Power needs to continue to find ways to minimize
the volume, especially the hazardous or radioactive kinds. Continuing to try to
implement lean processes can be an asset in the future, as long as the company
continues to reach compliance with the CNSC. Reducing the amount of times the
reactors need to go offline for maintenance and refueling will aid in producing
maximum capacity more often. Learning from the companies past experiences,
good or bad, will help operations run more effectively and efficiently. During the
upcoming task of refurbishing the Bruce B reactors, Bruce Power needs to improve
the speed and cost control of the activities experienced during the first project of
refurbishing Bruce A. This will help the company to operate at maximum capacity
for decades to come and keep them as one of the industry leaders.
18. 18
10.0 Bibliography
Chen, H., (2004). Identification of Good Practices in the Operation of Nuclear
Power Plants. Mass. Inst. Technol.
Hylko, (11/01/2013) | James, 2013. Top Plant: Bruce Nuclear Generating
Station, Kincardine, Ontario, Canada. POWER Mag.
IESO, (2015). Managing A Reliable Grid.
IESO, (2013). Bruce Power Contract Amendment April 2013.
Langlois, D., Agency, Q.M.I., (2012). Bruce Power’s rebuilt Unit 1 reactor
back online [WWW Document]. Tor. Sun. URL
http://www.torontosun.com/2012/09/21/bruce-powers-rebuilt-unit-1-
reactor-back-online?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=recommend-
button&utm_campaign=Bruce Power’s rebuilt Unit 1 reactor back online
(accessed 1.8.15).
Marshall, C., (2013). Ontario Phases Out Coal-Fired Power [WWW
Document]. URL http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ontario-
phases-out-coal-fired-power/ (accessed 5.4.15).
Polka, E., (2015). When is the Best Time to Take a Nuclear Power Plant
Offline? TalkNuclear.
Power, B., (2015). Delivering Safe, Reliable Operations.
Power, B., (2014). Bruce Power proud of its role in phasing out coal in
Ontario.
Power, B., (2013). Performance Review of Bruce A and Bruce B.
Power, B., (2012). A Guide to Bruce Power.
Power, B., (2012). Bruce Power 2011 Annual Review.
Power, B., (2012). Community Update.
Power, B., (2011). Bruce Power Fukushima Community Update.
Power, B., (2007). a reporter’s guide to Bruce Power.
Power, B., (2004). Bruce A Refurbishment for Life Extension and Continued
Operations Project.
Solid Waste & Recycling, (2014). Public debate set for Ontario’s underground
nuclear waste facility [WWW Document]. Solid Waste Recycl. Mag.
URL http://www.solidwastemag.com/environment/public-debate-set-for-
ontarios-underground-nuclear-waste-facility/1003105552/ (accessed
5.4.15).
Spears, J., (2013). Ontario’s power grid handling heat with ease [WWW
Document]. URL
http://www.thestar.com/business/economy/2013/07/18/ontarios_power
_grid_handling_heat_with_ease.html (accessed 4.29.15).
Swords, T., (n.d). Project Management best practices built into Oracle
solutions help re-energize Bruce Power. Oracle.
TalkNuclear, (2015). Nuclear Brings Clean Air to Ontario. TalkNuclear.
World Nuclear Association, (2015). Number of nuclear reactors operable and
under construction.
www.ieso.ca, (2015). Ontario’s Electricity Hub.