This document outlines a proven model to eliminate open defecation in Nadia, India. The key approaches include using community-led total sanitation to trigger behavior change, linking government and non-government organizations, community-led monitoring, and convergence with other departments. Strategies focus on raising demand, strengthening the supply chain, mobilizing resources, and monitoring construction and toilet use. Toilets are constructed and supply chains are managed through agreements with self-help groups and local governments. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of social mobilization, breaking large goals into smaller targets, women's participation, convergence, intensive monitoring, and institutionalizing systems for long-term sustainability.
Open defecation is a major public health issue in rural India, with over 638 million people lacking access to toilets. This poses risks for many infectious diseases. While government campaigns have increased toilet access, behavioral change is still needed. Socio-cultural beliefs and the view of toilets as only for the wealthy prevent many from using existing facilities. Communication objectives aim to increase awareness of health risks, promote dignity and generate demand for sanitation through community outreach. Priority routes focus on women's issues and health hazards to motivate behavior change.
End open defecation campaign guidance noteopendefecation
This document provides guidance for a global campaign to raise awareness of sanitation and end open defecation in support of the UN Deputy Secretary-General's call to action. It outlines goals to enhance visibility of sanitation issues and prioritize sanitation in post-2015 development agendas. It recommends online and offline actions partners can take, especially around World Toilet Day on November 19th, such as promoting the campaign website and sharing stories. Metrics and timelines are given to measure success in increasing engagement on sanitation issues.
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of the ear. It secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. The parotid gland receives parasympathetic input which stimulates watery secretion and sympathetic input which stimulates thicker secretion. It is supplied by the external carotid artery and drains into the retromandibular vein. The facial nerve passes through the gland and its branches are at risk during parotid surgery which can lead to Frey's syndrome.
An Open Mind - A coffee table book to celebrate the sanitation championsujjwal maitra
Rural India gives us a glimpse of plain existence, simple thinking and archetypal idyllic scenery. But deep inside, the inherent practice of ‘open defecation’ evokes an image of a mass still living in filth and unhygienic environment.
According to WHO, more than half a billion people in India still continue to defecate in the open. This ‘rural shock’ presents a very unusual image of about 70 percent of our population that live in villages. It depicts a state of deprivation, dependence and low social set up that continues to plummet.
As changing the mindset and attitude of the people remains the biggest challenge, the objective of the project was to identify rural communities across four states- Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh- in India, which have significantly reduced open defecation in the context of deeply embedded attitudes that perceive open defecation to be a normalised, preferred and positive behaviour.
As photographs are the nearest approximation to reality, BBC Media Action created photographic content in an engaging and narrative manner, to sensitise people for dignified living and exhibit the image of a clean rural India.
The content has been captured into a coffee table book titled “An Open Mind” –that captures inspiring real-life stories of sanitation champions from different walks of life, who are driving positive sanitation behaviour change through their individual efforts as opposed to the mindset mummified by old beliefs.
The book is targeted at relevant government and NGO practitioners. It intends to give them a better understanding of ‘what’ works and ‘why’ for ending open defecation in India.
It also aims to encourage people across the country to practice and indoctrinate good sanitation habits and showcase a best-practice movement of the people, by the people and for the people.
This document summarizes the author's experience rebooting a failed sanitation project in New Baxipalli Village, Odisha, India. The village had toilets abandoned for over a decade that were being used for storage. Through various community engagement efforts, the author was able to increase toilet usage from 61% to 93% of households. Initial surveys found health, safety, dignity and social factors influenced toilet usage. Different experiments were conducted to understand decision making and motivate behavior change, such as using lentils to demonstrate hygiene concepts. Repeated community meetings and women's self-help groups also helped promote long-term sanitation practices in the village.
This document presents a solution to the problem of open defecation in Tanzania. It proposes developing an SMS-based reporting system that allows people to report instances of open defecation by sending a text with the location in the first word and a description in the second. The system aims to reach community members, government, and private sector through various awareness campaigns to encourage use of the free and simple reporting tool to help address open defecation issues more efficiently.
VIM- Stop open-defecation in Mekong Delta CampaignPhong Olympia
A presentation in the event Vietnam Youth Business Forum. This session was hosted by representatives from Unilever Vietnam. Our group of 9 members came up with this campaign idea
This document outlines a proven model to eliminate open defecation in Nadia, India. The key approaches include using community-led total sanitation to trigger behavior change, linking government and non-government organizations, community-led monitoring, and convergence with other departments. Strategies focus on raising demand, strengthening the supply chain, mobilizing resources, and monitoring construction and toilet use. Toilets are constructed and supply chains are managed through agreements with self-help groups and local governments. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of social mobilization, breaking large goals into smaller targets, women's participation, convergence, intensive monitoring, and institutionalizing systems for long-term sustainability.
Open defecation is a major public health issue in rural India, with over 638 million people lacking access to toilets. This poses risks for many infectious diseases. While government campaigns have increased toilet access, behavioral change is still needed. Socio-cultural beliefs and the view of toilets as only for the wealthy prevent many from using existing facilities. Communication objectives aim to increase awareness of health risks, promote dignity and generate demand for sanitation through community outreach. Priority routes focus on women's issues and health hazards to motivate behavior change.
End open defecation campaign guidance noteopendefecation
This document provides guidance for a global campaign to raise awareness of sanitation and end open defecation in support of the UN Deputy Secretary-General's call to action. It outlines goals to enhance visibility of sanitation issues and prioritize sanitation in post-2015 development agendas. It recommends online and offline actions partners can take, especially around World Toilet Day on November 19th, such as promoting the campaign website and sharing stories. Metrics and timelines are given to measure success in increasing engagement on sanitation issues.
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland located below and in front of the ear. It secretes saliva through the parotid duct into the mouth. The parotid gland receives parasympathetic input which stimulates watery secretion and sympathetic input which stimulates thicker secretion. It is supplied by the external carotid artery and drains into the retromandibular vein. The facial nerve passes through the gland and its branches are at risk during parotid surgery which can lead to Frey's syndrome.
An Open Mind - A coffee table book to celebrate the sanitation championsujjwal maitra
Rural India gives us a glimpse of plain existence, simple thinking and archetypal idyllic scenery. But deep inside, the inherent practice of ‘open defecation’ evokes an image of a mass still living in filth and unhygienic environment.
According to WHO, more than half a billion people in India still continue to defecate in the open. This ‘rural shock’ presents a very unusual image of about 70 percent of our population that live in villages. It depicts a state of deprivation, dependence and low social set up that continues to plummet.
As changing the mindset and attitude of the people remains the biggest challenge, the objective of the project was to identify rural communities across four states- Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh- in India, which have significantly reduced open defecation in the context of deeply embedded attitudes that perceive open defecation to be a normalised, preferred and positive behaviour.
As photographs are the nearest approximation to reality, BBC Media Action created photographic content in an engaging and narrative manner, to sensitise people for dignified living and exhibit the image of a clean rural India.
The content has been captured into a coffee table book titled “An Open Mind” –that captures inspiring real-life stories of sanitation champions from different walks of life, who are driving positive sanitation behaviour change through their individual efforts as opposed to the mindset mummified by old beliefs.
The book is targeted at relevant government and NGO practitioners. It intends to give them a better understanding of ‘what’ works and ‘why’ for ending open defecation in India.
It also aims to encourage people across the country to practice and indoctrinate good sanitation habits and showcase a best-practice movement of the people, by the people and for the people.
This document summarizes the author's experience rebooting a failed sanitation project in New Baxipalli Village, Odisha, India. The village had toilets abandoned for over a decade that were being used for storage. Through various community engagement efforts, the author was able to increase toilet usage from 61% to 93% of households. Initial surveys found health, safety, dignity and social factors influenced toilet usage. Different experiments were conducted to understand decision making and motivate behavior change, such as using lentils to demonstrate hygiene concepts. Repeated community meetings and women's self-help groups also helped promote long-term sanitation practices in the village.
This document presents a solution to the problem of open defecation in Tanzania. It proposes developing an SMS-based reporting system that allows people to report instances of open defecation by sending a text with the location in the first word and a description in the second. The system aims to reach community members, government, and private sector through various awareness campaigns to encourage use of the free and simple reporting tool to help address open defecation issues more efficiently.
VIM- Stop open-defecation in Mekong Delta CampaignPhong Olympia
A presentation in the event Vietnam Youth Business Forum. This session was hosted by representatives from Unilever Vietnam. Our group of 9 members came up with this campaign idea
This document describes a study on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices and open defecation in rural Lucknow, India. It provides background on the issue of open defecation globally and in India. The study aims to understand awareness of hygiene and sanitation practices, assess the burden of open defecation, and identify factors leading to open defecation. A literature review and methodology are presented. Key results include education levels, occupations, water sources, sanitation access, open defecation practices, and reasons for open defecation. The conclusion discusses themes of social norms, poverty, and lack of resources as drivers of open defecation despite hygiene knowledge.
MapSh: Open-defecation Free Mapping and Mobile Verification ToolSarah Fathallah
MapSh is a free mapping and mobile verification tool created during the global Sanitation Hackathon 2012 and winner of the New York City competition. While the government of India already collects data on gram panchayats (villages) in India that have achieved open-defecation free (ODF) status, this data is difficult to access and modify. MapSh liberates and visualizes this data as well as make it easy to access a crowdsourcing tool where everyday citizens can verify or dispute reports.
Students at Panchayt Union Middle School in Anumanthapuram Agaram, Tamil Nadu held a group discussion and drama to raise awareness about the harms of open defecation and motivate their peers and community members to end the practice. The students explained the issues with open defecation to their peer groups and used drama to encourage behavior change in the community.
This document discusses the CLEAN-India programme which aims to improve environmental conditions in India through community involvement. It mobilizes schools, NGOs, governments, and businesses to work on issues like water quality, sanitation, biodiversity, and more. The program involves 30 NGOs, 400 schools, and over 1 million students coordinating activities across 78 urban areas. Its goals are to encourage practices like using dustbins, disposing organic waste properly, and creating environmental awareness to achieve benefits like better health, climate, ecosystem, and a sustainable environment.
How can we reduce open defecation in rural India?Yogesh Upadhyaya
The document discusses strategies for reducing open defecation in rural India. It notes that open defecation is a major public health issue, killing many children through diarrhea. Though toilet construction has increased access from 22% to 31% over 10 years, 69% of rural Indians still lack access. Key barriers include lack of toilets, poor quality construction, and social norms. Strategies proposed include improving delivery of subsidies for construction, ensuring quality construction with water supply and drainage, changing social norms among men, and monitoring usage not just construction. Addressing these issues could enable rural Indians to stop open defecation and improve health.
The document summarizes the formation and defecation of feces in the large intestine. [1] Undigested food enters the colon from the ileum and moves through the ascending, transverse, and descending colon where water, salts, and vitamins are absorbed. [2] By the time the feces reach the sigmoid colon, it has become compact and dry and is stored in the rectum until defecation. [3] The anal sphincter muscle in the rectum relaxes to allow defecation of feces through the anus.
This document discusses various methods of excreta disposal and sewage treatment. It describes latrines suitable for unsewered areas like borehole, dug well, and water seal latrines. For temporary use, it recommends shallow and deep trench or pit latrines. Under sewered areas, it explains conservancy systems using bucket latrines and modern sewage treatment involving primary processes like screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatments such as trickling filters or activated sludge before effluent disposal.
The document provides information on excreta, sewage, and refuse disposal. It discusses the nutrients contained in human feces and urine. It describes various methods for the disposal of human excreta including pit latrines, septic tanks, and composting toilets. It also covers the treatment and reuse of sewage and graywater. The document emphasizes the importance of properly disposing of human waste to prevent disease and pollution, while highlighting the potential for waste to be used as a resource.
The document discusses the defecation reflexes in humans. There are two main reflexes - the intrinsic defecation reflex mediated by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic defecation reflex mediated by the autonomic nervous system. When feces enter the rectum, stretch receptors in the rectal wall are stimulated which initiate peristaltic waves to move feces towards the rectum and relax the internal anal sphincter through these reflex pathways. Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter allows defecation to occur at convenient times through maneuvers like the Valsalva maneuver.
This document discusses the definition and components of environment and environmental health. It defines environment as the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism or ecological community. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the environment. The document then discusses various physical, biological and social/psychosocial factors that influence environmental health, as well as factors in air, water, soil and food that can impact human health. It provides guidelines on various water quality parameters and air pollutants.
The document discusses menstrual hygiene management and sanitary practices. It notes that 28% of women use sanitary napkins, which are more hygienic than cloth due to their ease of use and disposal. Sanitary napkins should be changed every 6-8 hours or more frequently during heavy flow to prevent infections. Used napkins should be wrapped and disposed of properly rather than thrown in toilets, as this can spread disease and attract insects. Proper disposal methods include sealed bins or burial/burning.
El documento explica los pasos para crear una cuenta en Slideshare y subir diapositivas. Primero, el autor muestra un ejemplo de Slideshare y explica que se necesita una cuenta para subir diapositivas. Luego, guía a los lectores a crear una cuenta en la página web de Slideshare y los invita a seguir los pasos del docente para aprender a crear sus propios Slideshares.
Presentation on open defecation in nagor molla slumTamanna Shabnam
DSK started a project in 2011 called PEHUP to improve water, sanitation and hygiene in urban slums including Nagor Molla slum. Before the intervention, there was open defecation, lack of access to water and sanitation, and environmental pollution. DSK formed community groups and provided hygiene education and installed water points and latrines. After the intervention, open defecation decreased and hygiene improved with wall messages and handwashing stations. Challenges included initial rejection and delays, while community perception was positive. Gaps remained in schools, hospitals and drinking water facilities.
This document provides case studies and analyses of several social media and advertising campaigns focused on social issues. It summarizes the purpose, techniques, and impact of campaigns by Keep Britain Tidy to reduce littering, WWF to save the bluefin tuna, Cancer Research UK's "The Lump" campaign, a NAPCAN campaign on child abuse in Australia, and the Channel 4 "We're the Superhumans" campaign promoting the 2016 Paralympics. While the campaigns were generally well-received and raised awareness, the document notes that littering and child abuse issues remained problems, indicating the challenges of creating large-scale behavioral change through awareness campaigns alone.
The document provides information about public relations writing, including definitions of public relations, typical PR activities like writing news releases and conducting research, and different publicity tactics such as pitch letters and press kits. It discusses the components of a press kit, including news releases, biographies, backgrounders, fact sheets, Q&As, and digital artwork. An example pitch letter is also included that pitches a local TV station on producing a series about women's heart health to raise awareness of heart disease as a leading cause of death for women.
Propaganda is a technique used to influence and persuade people through the spread of ideas, information, or rumors. It aims to benefit its sponsor by shaping opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behaviors of a group. Common types of propaganda techniques include bandwagon, testimonial, repetition, and using emotional words. The internet allows information to spread very quickly, giving people access to resources from around the world with a simple online search.
The WWF campaign aims to raise global awareness about endangered species and the threat of extinction. It uses simple but effective techniques like painting realistic animal faces and prints on human hands to represent how these animals need help from humans. The recognizable WWF logo gives the poster credibility. While the impact of WWF campaigns varies, extinction rates have been decreasing in recent years as more people work to save animals, though continued effort is still needed to further reduce rates.
Messaging and media training workshop summer 2010Dan Cohen
The document provides guidance on effective communication strategies, including developing clear messaging, framing issues, responding to questions from the media, and public speaking skills. Some key points covered include crafting concise key messages, using stories and anecdotes to personalize issues, anticipating different types of questions, and emphasizing one's goals and solutions when discussing problems.
The NHS Smoking Campaign aimed to stop smoking by raising awareness of the harms through gruesome images showing the effects on the inside of the body. The campaign achieved high awareness and many people took action to quit smoking.
The Politics Graffiti Campaign aimed to discourage voting for the Conservatives by altering their campaign posters to make the party leader look foolish. The altered posters became popular online.
The WWF Campaign used hands painted with animal faces and prints to raise awareness of endangered species and encourage donations to help conservation efforts. Extinction rates have fallen somewhat due to increased awareness and support over time.
The document summarizes four case studies of social action and community media campaigns:
1) The RSPCA animal cruelty prevention advert aims to raise awareness of animal cruelty and change public attitudes. Techniques include childlike font and bold text to convey innocence and a clear message.
2) The PETA "Here's the rest of your fur coat" advert uses bright colors and shocking imagery of models holding skinned animals to challenge attitudes towards fur. Celebrities are featured to reach wider audiences.
3) The Accessible Arts and Media home page uses bright colors and upbeat copy/images to promote opportunities for disabled and young people in media. They have created an award-winning inclusive choir.
4)
This document describes a study on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices and open defecation in rural Lucknow, India. It provides background on the issue of open defecation globally and in India. The study aims to understand awareness of hygiene and sanitation practices, assess the burden of open defecation, and identify factors leading to open defecation. A literature review and methodology are presented. Key results include education levels, occupations, water sources, sanitation access, open defecation practices, and reasons for open defecation. The conclusion discusses themes of social norms, poverty, and lack of resources as drivers of open defecation despite hygiene knowledge.
MapSh: Open-defecation Free Mapping and Mobile Verification ToolSarah Fathallah
MapSh is a free mapping and mobile verification tool created during the global Sanitation Hackathon 2012 and winner of the New York City competition. While the government of India already collects data on gram panchayats (villages) in India that have achieved open-defecation free (ODF) status, this data is difficult to access and modify. MapSh liberates and visualizes this data as well as make it easy to access a crowdsourcing tool where everyday citizens can verify or dispute reports.
Students at Panchayt Union Middle School in Anumanthapuram Agaram, Tamil Nadu held a group discussion and drama to raise awareness about the harms of open defecation and motivate their peers and community members to end the practice. The students explained the issues with open defecation to their peer groups and used drama to encourage behavior change in the community.
This document discusses the CLEAN-India programme which aims to improve environmental conditions in India through community involvement. It mobilizes schools, NGOs, governments, and businesses to work on issues like water quality, sanitation, biodiversity, and more. The program involves 30 NGOs, 400 schools, and over 1 million students coordinating activities across 78 urban areas. Its goals are to encourage practices like using dustbins, disposing organic waste properly, and creating environmental awareness to achieve benefits like better health, climate, ecosystem, and a sustainable environment.
How can we reduce open defecation in rural India?Yogesh Upadhyaya
The document discusses strategies for reducing open defecation in rural India. It notes that open defecation is a major public health issue, killing many children through diarrhea. Though toilet construction has increased access from 22% to 31% over 10 years, 69% of rural Indians still lack access. Key barriers include lack of toilets, poor quality construction, and social norms. Strategies proposed include improving delivery of subsidies for construction, ensuring quality construction with water supply and drainage, changing social norms among men, and monitoring usage not just construction. Addressing these issues could enable rural Indians to stop open defecation and improve health.
The document summarizes the formation and defecation of feces in the large intestine. [1] Undigested food enters the colon from the ileum and moves through the ascending, transverse, and descending colon where water, salts, and vitamins are absorbed. [2] By the time the feces reach the sigmoid colon, it has become compact and dry and is stored in the rectum until defecation. [3] The anal sphincter muscle in the rectum relaxes to allow defecation of feces through the anus.
This document discusses various methods of excreta disposal and sewage treatment. It describes latrines suitable for unsewered areas like borehole, dug well, and water seal latrines. For temporary use, it recommends shallow and deep trench or pit latrines. Under sewered areas, it explains conservancy systems using bucket latrines and modern sewage treatment involving primary processes like screening and sedimentation, and secondary treatments such as trickling filters or activated sludge before effluent disposal.
The document provides information on excreta, sewage, and refuse disposal. It discusses the nutrients contained in human feces and urine. It describes various methods for the disposal of human excreta including pit latrines, septic tanks, and composting toilets. It also covers the treatment and reuse of sewage and graywater. The document emphasizes the importance of properly disposing of human waste to prevent disease and pollution, while highlighting the potential for waste to be used as a resource.
The document discusses the defecation reflexes in humans. There are two main reflexes - the intrinsic defecation reflex mediated by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic defecation reflex mediated by the autonomic nervous system. When feces enter the rectum, stretch receptors in the rectal wall are stimulated which initiate peristaltic waves to move feces towards the rectum and relax the internal anal sphincter through these reflex pathways. Voluntary control of the external anal sphincter allows defecation to occur at convenient times through maneuvers like the Valsalva maneuver.
This document discusses the definition and components of environment and environmental health. It defines environment as the complex of physical, chemical and biotic factors that act upon an organism or ecological community. Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health that are determined by physical, biological, social and psychosocial factors in the environment. The document then discusses various physical, biological and social/psychosocial factors that influence environmental health, as well as factors in air, water, soil and food that can impact human health. It provides guidelines on various water quality parameters and air pollutants.
The document discusses menstrual hygiene management and sanitary practices. It notes that 28% of women use sanitary napkins, which are more hygienic than cloth due to their ease of use and disposal. Sanitary napkins should be changed every 6-8 hours or more frequently during heavy flow to prevent infections. Used napkins should be wrapped and disposed of properly rather than thrown in toilets, as this can spread disease and attract insects. Proper disposal methods include sealed bins or burial/burning.
El documento explica los pasos para crear una cuenta en Slideshare y subir diapositivas. Primero, el autor muestra un ejemplo de Slideshare y explica que se necesita una cuenta para subir diapositivas. Luego, guía a los lectores a crear una cuenta en la página web de Slideshare y los invita a seguir los pasos del docente para aprender a crear sus propios Slideshares.
Presentation on open defecation in nagor molla slumTamanna Shabnam
DSK started a project in 2011 called PEHUP to improve water, sanitation and hygiene in urban slums including Nagor Molla slum. Before the intervention, there was open defecation, lack of access to water and sanitation, and environmental pollution. DSK formed community groups and provided hygiene education and installed water points and latrines. After the intervention, open defecation decreased and hygiene improved with wall messages and handwashing stations. Challenges included initial rejection and delays, while community perception was positive. Gaps remained in schools, hospitals and drinking water facilities.
This document provides case studies and analyses of several social media and advertising campaigns focused on social issues. It summarizes the purpose, techniques, and impact of campaigns by Keep Britain Tidy to reduce littering, WWF to save the bluefin tuna, Cancer Research UK's "The Lump" campaign, a NAPCAN campaign on child abuse in Australia, and the Channel 4 "We're the Superhumans" campaign promoting the 2016 Paralympics. While the campaigns were generally well-received and raised awareness, the document notes that littering and child abuse issues remained problems, indicating the challenges of creating large-scale behavioral change through awareness campaigns alone.
The document provides information about public relations writing, including definitions of public relations, typical PR activities like writing news releases and conducting research, and different publicity tactics such as pitch letters and press kits. It discusses the components of a press kit, including news releases, biographies, backgrounders, fact sheets, Q&As, and digital artwork. An example pitch letter is also included that pitches a local TV station on producing a series about women's heart health to raise awareness of heart disease as a leading cause of death for women.
Propaganda is a technique used to influence and persuade people through the spread of ideas, information, or rumors. It aims to benefit its sponsor by shaping opinions, emotions, attitudes, or behaviors of a group. Common types of propaganda techniques include bandwagon, testimonial, repetition, and using emotional words. The internet allows information to spread very quickly, giving people access to resources from around the world with a simple online search.
The WWF campaign aims to raise global awareness about endangered species and the threat of extinction. It uses simple but effective techniques like painting realistic animal faces and prints on human hands to represent how these animals need help from humans. The recognizable WWF logo gives the poster credibility. While the impact of WWF campaigns varies, extinction rates have been decreasing in recent years as more people work to save animals, though continued effort is still needed to further reduce rates.
Messaging and media training workshop summer 2010Dan Cohen
The document provides guidance on effective communication strategies, including developing clear messaging, framing issues, responding to questions from the media, and public speaking skills. Some key points covered include crafting concise key messages, using stories and anecdotes to personalize issues, anticipating different types of questions, and emphasizing one's goals and solutions when discussing problems.
The NHS Smoking Campaign aimed to stop smoking by raising awareness of the harms through gruesome images showing the effects on the inside of the body. The campaign achieved high awareness and many people took action to quit smoking.
The Politics Graffiti Campaign aimed to discourage voting for the Conservatives by altering their campaign posters to make the party leader look foolish. The altered posters became popular online.
The WWF Campaign used hands painted with animal faces and prints to raise awareness of endangered species and encourage donations to help conservation efforts. Extinction rates have fallen somewhat due to increased awareness and support over time.
The document summarizes four case studies of social action and community media campaigns:
1) The RSPCA animal cruelty prevention advert aims to raise awareness of animal cruelty and change public attitudes. Techniques include childlike font and bold text to convey innocence and a clear message.
2) The PETA "Here's the rest of your fur coat" advert uses bright colors and shocking imagery of models holding skinned animals to challenge attitudes towards fur. Celebrities are featured to reach wider audiences.
3) The Accessible Arts and Media home page uses bright colors and upbeat copy/images to promote opportunities for disabled and young people in media. They have created an award-winning inclusive choir.
4)
The document discusses several case studies of social media and community campaigns. It analyzes the purpose, aims, techniques and impact of campaigns related to dog safety, ending poverty, chest pain awareness, and winning a UK parliamentary by-election. The case studies examine how the campaigns used visuals and messaging to raise awareness, change attitudes and behaviors, and achieve their goals.
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A public service announcement (PSA) is a short advertisement broadcast on television or radio that raises awareness about public issues without charge. PSAs aim to modify public attitudes and educate the public on issues like smoking, gambling, or environmental issues. They are intended to encourage specific actions by the public that benefit society.
A campaign is designed to promote a product, publicize an event, raise awareness of an issue, educate people, or provide a public service. Campaign producers use a variety of methods to reach their target audience, including shock, threat, catchy music/slogans, mystery, and using famous or relevant people. There are different types of campaigns, such as wildlife/nature campaigns (e.g. WWF), animal cruelty campaigns (e.g. RSPCA), health campaigns (e.g. NHS), safety campaigns (e.g. Transport for London), and human rights campaigns (e.g. Amnesty International). Each type of campaign aims to raise awareness about issues affecting its cause.
I need someone to formulate a powerpoint presentation for me which i.docxevontdcichon
I need someone to formulate a powerpoint presentation for me which is based on the essay which is attached with following the directions which it will explain what to implement in the presentation as well.
Persuasive Message Final Presentation:
Students will present their persuasive message in a
5-7 minute
oral presentation in class explaining:
why the message is needed
who is the target audience for the message
what are the main appeals and strategies built into each message and how do they serve the purpose.
Grading:
The project will be graded based on its execution and the extent to which it makes use of persuasive appeals. A major portion of the presentation grade will be based on how well the messages are defended in terms of the major ideas and theories discussed in the course.``
Issue Advertising; Deforestation and the Air We Breathe
Dillon Goldberg
PERSUASION AND PROPAGANDA
Issue Advertising
Issue advertising is all about the creation of awareness with respect the current issues affecting the society. At most times, issue advertising is carried out in a bid to discourage some elements of unproductive human activity; to oust out trends that have not stood the test of time as beneficial. One of the issues affecting planet earth at the moment is deforestation. Deforestation refers to the cutting down of forest cover to get cleared land. It has brought about global warming, bad air quality, swelling-up of coats, and global warming in general. Human beings cut down trees for reasons such as building houses, opening businesses, erecting resorts and creation of golf courses among other reasons.
All the above mentioned courses are noble and pleasing but what good does fancy malls and houses do human kind if they are losing forest cover on a daily basis. The loss of forest cover subsequently compromises the quality of the air we breathe.
It is due to such concerns that an advertising agency like TBWA in Paris, France came up with an initiative to make human kind aware of the dangers of clearing forest cover (Arens, Schaefer & Weigold, 2009). Below is an example of a pictorial composition they came up with. This paper is going to giving invaluable insights on how issue advertising regarding deforestation is executed. In addition to that, it will provide a description and analysis of how the persuasive message i.e. stopping deforestation, can be put across.
Research on Deforestation; an Overview
According to National Geographic, deforestation refers to the clearance of planet Earth’s forest cover on a broad scale such that the land quality is resultantly damaged. Forests currently occupy about thirty percent of the land surface. All the same, swaths matching the size of Panama are gone every twelve months. The rainforests of the world may totally disappear within one century keeping in mind the existing rate at `which people are cutting forests. Forests are usually cut down for myriad reasons, all of these reason.
This document provides details about four case studies of media campaigns and productions:
1) A worldwide breast cancer awareness poster campaign that used fruit to represent breasts in a humorous way to encourage women to check themselves for lumps and raise awareness of the issue.
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End open defecation toolkit
1. Global campaign in support of the un
Deputy Secretary-General's
"call to action on sanitation"
COMMUNICATION Toolkit
www.opendefecation.org
@opendefecation
#opendefecation
#sanitation
end
2. 2
Contents 1 A message from the UN Deputy Secretary-General
2 Key data and messages
3 Campaign materials
3.1 Logos
3.2 Fonts and colour
3.3 Co-branding
3.4 Print ads
3.5 Audio ads
3.6 Radio soap opera
4 Online materials
4.1 www.opendefecation.org
4.2 Social media
4.3 Web banners
5 More Ideas
• In this toolkit you will find all of the communications materials
you need to launch the campaign in your country or for your
organization.
• Campaigning around open defecation is about breaking the
silence, allowing people to learn about the issue and take
action.
• Overall these materials should be a starting point for your own
campaigns – take them, use them if they’re useful, change
them if you need to, tell your community it’s time to break
the silence around open defecation.
Need help? Contact us
www.opendefecation.org
@opendefecation
Click sections to navigate
3. 3
A message from the
Deputy Secretary-General
Why we must end open defecation
In March 2013, on behalf of the UN Secretary-General Ban
Ki-moon, I launched a Call to Action on Sanitation. In
particular, I called for an end to open defecation by 2025
because despite the considerable progress that has been
made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals,
sanitation is one area where we still have “unfinished business”
to address. 1 billion people all over the world still practice open
defecation with devastating consequences for their health,
education, security, environment and – especially in the case of
children – even for their lives.
I invite you to join this global campaign on sanitation, to use the
materials and ideas contained in this toolkit, because it is time
to talk openly about open defecation so all together we can
bring it to an end.
Jan Eliasson
United Nations Deputy Secretary-General
Watch the Deputy Secretary-General's message
4. 4
2 Key data and messages
Below are the key data we are using at the core of
the campaign
Key message Positive messaging
1 billion people. 1 billion.
1 billion people have no choice but to defecate outside, often in the open with
no privacy.
We can help 1 billion people to stop having to defecate outside.
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, diarrhoea, worm infestation, reduced
physical growth, impaired cognitive function and undernutrition.
We can save millions from diarrhoea, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio,
worm infestation, reduced physical growth, impaired cognitive function
undernutrition.
Women face the daily threat of sexual violence. We can make millions of women safer from sexual violence.
A child dies every 2.5 minutes. We can save a child from dying every 2.5 minutes.
Most sewage in the world is discharged untreated into rivers, lakes and oceans. We can stop sewage being discharged untreated into rivers, lakes and oceans.
5. 5
3 Campaign materials
3.1 Logos
ê Eng lis h logo
*For high resolution logos, contact Christina Samson at christina.ann.samson@undp.org
ê Frenc h logo ê SPANISH logo
ê RUSSIAN logo ê CHINESE logo ê ARABIC logo
6. 6
Campaign materials
3.1 Logos
Examples with different calls to action
search end India against
If your community has broad access to the
internet and low awareness of the issue, we
recommend using this call to action to drive
people online to discover information.
If your community has already taken a stand
against open defecation or is a country where
it is important to work for behaviour change,
then we suggest using the call to action
‘[Your country] against’. You could also use
this option for an organization e.g. "WSSCC
against…."
For information on which fonts to use when
changing the call to action, please refer to page
12 of this toolkit.
We have also included a more concrete call to
action: ‘end’ open defecation. This could be
used to move from awareness to action.
ê sea rch logo ê END logo
7. 7
For almost all communication the logo to use will carry the
line ‘open defecation’ (or translation). But for a campaigning
activity, or for use on people, we would suggest using the logo
without words, especially early on in your campaign, to build
intrigue around the symbol itself.
ê BLANK logo
Campaign materials
3.1 Logos - Blank logo
8. 8
Campaign materials
3.2 Fonts and colour
The typeface for use in all communications is Brandon
Grotesque Regular.
If this font is not available, use Trebuchet MS Regular (a
standard font for Windows and Mac).
Speech bubble text should be set in sentence case. The call to
action above the logo should always be in lowercase, except for
country or organization names.
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKk
LlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUu
VvWwXxYyZz123456789
Brandon Grotesque Regular
The speech bubble and any text contained within should be
100% cyan, and the call to action should be 100% black.
Primary Colour
C: 100%
M: 0%
Y: 0%
K: 0%
100% cyan
Secondary Colour
C: 0%
M: 0%
Y: 0%
K: 100%
100% black
AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKk
LlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUu
VvWwXxYyZz123456789
Trebuchet MS Regular
(Standard font for Windows and Mac)
9. 9
Campaign materials
3.3 Co-branding
You can include your logo and place it to the right
and make sure it does not exceed the height or
width of the open defecation logo.
Example of co-branding
Example:
10. 10
1 billion people.
search
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Scale A
1 billion people
Portrait
1 billion people.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
*For high resolution open artwork, contact Christina Samson at christina.ann.samson@undp.org
11. 11
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Scale B
1 billion people have no choice but to
defecate outside, often in the open with no
privacy.
1 billion people have no choice but to
defecate outside, often in the open
with no privacy.
search
Portrait
1 billion people have no choice but
to defecate outside, often in the
open with no privacy.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
12. 12
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Health
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, diarrhoea,
worm infestations, reduced physical
growth, impaired cognitive function and
undernutrition.
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio,
diarrhoea, worm infestations, reduced
physical growth, impaired cognitive
function and undernutrition.
search
Portrait
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio,
diarrhoea, worm infestations, reduced
physical growth, impaired cognitive
function and undernutrition.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
13. 13
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Children
A child dies every 2.5 minutes.
A child dies every 2.5 minutes.
search
Portrait
A child dies every 2.5 minutes.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
14. 14
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Women
Women face the daily threat of sexual
violence.
Women face the daily threat of
sexual violence.
search
Portrait
Women face the daily threat of
sexual violence.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
15. 15
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads - Environment
Most sewage in the world is discharged
untreated into rivers, lakes and oceans.
Most sewage in the world is discharged
untreated into rivers, lakes and oceans.
search
Portrait
Most sewage in the world is discharged
untreated into rivers, lakes and oceans.
search
Landscape
ê Eng lis h Maste rs
ê frenc h Maste rs
ê spanis h Maste rs
ê Russian Maste rs
ê Chinese Maste rs
ê arabic Maste rs
16. 16
Calculate an 8 column grid
from the safety area
Speech bubble spans 4 columns
x
Minimum height of speech bubble is height of ad x
divided by 8. Height can be increased depending on
length of copy, but should always have a safety area
of the X height of the open defecation logo.
Width of open defecation
logo is width of speech
bubble divided by 3
Y
Y
Lock up to be centred in the height of the ad
½ Y
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads
How to adapt vertical print ad
17. 17
Calculate an 8 column grid
from the safety area
Speech bubble spans 2 columns
x
Minimum height of speech bubble is height x
of ad divided by 8. Height can be increased
depending on length of copy, but should
always have a safety area of the X height of
the open defecation logo.
Width of open dfecation
logo is width of speech
bubble divided by 3
Y
Y
Lock up to be centred in the height of the ad
½ Y
Campaign materials
3.4 Print ads
How to adapt horizontal print ad
18. 18
Campaign materials
3.5 Audio
Use informative ads 1 and 2 to create understanding about open defecation.
Use a famous local celebrity. Ideally someone with authority, respect and if
possible, a recognisable speaking voice.
Ad 1
In this ad, we hear silence, just the atmospheric sounds of
an empty room. Then after nine or ten seconds, we hear a
spokesperson’s voice:
Spokesperson: Today, 120,000 pregnant women will be
infected with worms.
Search open defecation.
(There’s a moment of silence.)
Spokesperson: Every two and a half minutes, a child will die
from diarrhoea.
Search open defecation.
(More silence.)
Spokesperson: Every minute, 1.1 million litres of human
excrement will enter the River Ganges.
Search open defecation.
ê EXAMPLE OF audio AD 1
Ad 2
In this ad, we hear silence, just the atmospheric sounds of an
empty room. After nine or ten seconds, we hear the voice of a
local celebrity.
VO: The water you drink may contain your neighbour’s
excrement.
Search open defecation.
(There’s more silence.)
VO: And the water your neighbour drinks may contain
yours.
Search open defecation.
ê EXAMPLE OF audio AD 2
19. 19
Campaign materials
3.5 Audio
Use ad 3 to start conversations and inspire change.
Ad 3
Call to action with a celebrity
In this ad we hear the voice of a local celebrity delivering a variety of positive facts about the benefits
of ending open defecation. Between each fact, we hear a crowd of local children chanting “END OPEN
DEFECATION!” together.
Local Celeb: This is [name of local celebrity]. I want to talk about Open Defecation.
Ending open defecation will save 500 children every day.
Crowd of Children: END OPEN DEFECATION!
Local Celeb: Ending open defecation will keep thousands of girls in school.
Crowd of Children: END OPEN DEFECATION!
Local Celeb: Ending open defecation will help protect your drinking water.
Crowd of Children: END OPEN DEFECATION!
Local Celeb: Using toilets and latrines can have many positive effects.
Crowd of Children: [INDIA] AGAINST OPEN DEFECATION!
20. 20
Campaign materials
3.6 Radio soap opera
Radio can be a great tool for reaching isolated communities.
Community theatre projects are often used to dramatize the
issues and effects around poor sanitation practice.
Create a radio soap opera around open defecation as a powerful
educational tool. We’ve created a template you can adapt
locally.
21. 21
This is a guide to construct your radio soap opera, which you
can adapt as you wish.
It will be more powerful if you bring the sights, sounds
and voices of your country and culture, to make the
story your own.
There is only one objective – to raise the issue of open
defecation as a harmful sanitation practice, with potentially
terrible consequences.
How to
use this
document
The Everyman should be instantly recognisable, with a
recognisable family and recognisable problems. He is
intelligent, funny and loving. He is loyal to his community,
people hold him in high esteem, but he is not the head
of the community.
We should see the Everyman as a good person, and
associate our decisions with his decisions, our reactions with
his reactions. He is a symbol of making the right choice.
This story is about him and his family.
The Villain should be arrogant, ignorant and
cold, and so are his family. They are high
status, but the community do not like them.
They are very set in their ways, and see
themselves as above the place they live and
the other people who live there.
The Fool should appear simple, optimistic
and joyful. Everything should go wrong
for the Fool, but it doesn’t affect him. He
wears his heart on his sleeve. His family is
low status and have lived in the community
for generations. They have a reputation for
being simple, but everybody loves them.
He loves where he comes from and the
people who live there.
Characters
The Villain The Everyman The Fool
Outline
Exposition Empathy Conflict Tragedy Realisation Confrontation Change
We introduce the
characters and the setting.
We develop a bond
with the Everyman.
The Everyman and
the Villain have a
conflict.
Everyman’s
child dies from
diarrhoea.
We see the characters
understand the Tragedy.
We see the
characters question
a way forward.
Something is done
to ensure this never
happens again.
Episode 1
Episode 1 EXPOSITION
In this episode we meet the characters and their families, and the area where they live.
The Everyman is helping the fool fix something that he’s done wrong.
The Villain ridicules them.
We’re introduced to the characters and the setting.
We associate most with the Everyman.
We love the Fool.
We hate the Villain.
We know that Open Defecation is practised here.
Synopsis
Objectives
Campaign materials
3.6 Radio soap opera
Template for creating radio soap opera
Download radio template
22. 22
4 Online materials
4.1 www.opendefecation.org
We need everyone to know about open defecation so we can
end it by 2025. Share your time on www.opendefecation.org.
Collecting thousands of hours of donated time will help break
the silence around open defecation.
Then share www.opendefecation.org on social media!
Open defecation is when people have no choice but to defecate
outside, often in the open with no privacy.
23. 23
Online materials
4.2 Social media - Twitter
Use the following hashtags for this campaign:
#opendefecation
#sanitation
These are examples of some of the messages for social media,
but here are other ideas:
• Share photos of the campaign in action
• Share creative sanitation images with us at @opendefecation
• Share pictures of people using the logo, on themselves or
other places
• Tie in the celebrities you work with to make sure their fans see
the messages too
Sample Messages
Open Defecation @opendefecation
1 billion people. #opendefecation #sanitation
Open Defecation @opendefecation
1 billion people have no choice but to defecate outside, often in
the open with no privacy. #opendefecation
#sanitation
Open Defecation @opendefecation
Cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, polio, diarrhoea, worm infestation,
reduced physical growth and undernutrition. #opendefecation
#sanitation
Open Defecation @opendefecation
Women face the daily threat of sexual violence. #opendefecation
#sanitation
Open Defecation @opendefecation
A child dies every 2.5 minutes. #opendefecation #sanitation
Open Defecation @opendefecation
Most sewage in the world is discharged untreated into rivers,
lakes and oceans. #opendefecation #sanitation
Follow us on Twitter
@opendefecation
24. 24
Online materials
4.2 Social media - Images
Share campaign images on your website and social media
networks (such as Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tumblr).
On your website, link images to www.opendefecation.org
On tweets, link to www.opendefecation.org and use hashtags
#opendefecation and #sanitation
Download images for use on social media:
ê Eng lis h IMAGES
ê frenc h IMAGES
ê spanis h IMAGES
ê Russian IMAGES
ê Chinese IMAGES
ê arabic IMAGES
Examples of using message and images on social media
Twitter Twitter
Facebook LinkedIn
25. 25
A child dies
every 2 minutes.
1 billion people have no choice but to defecate outside, often in the open with
no privacy.
1 billion people have no choice
but to defecate outside, often
in the open with no privacy.
search
A child dies
every 2.5 minutes.
learn more
Online materials
4.3 Web banners
We encourage you to feature the campaign on your website,
linking banners and images to www.opendefecation.org
Examples of placing web banners on homepage and next to relevant content
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4 Online materials
4.3 Web banners - MPU banner
Box fades on Logo comes on with each stroke brushing
on individually
Learn more box fades on
1 billion people have no choice
but to defecate outside, often
in the open with no privacy.
learn more
ê MPU BANNER
*For flash file, contact Christina Samson at christina.ann.samson@undp.org
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Box fades on
1 billion people have no choice but to defecate outside, often in the open with
no privacy.
Logo comes on with each stroke brushing on individually
Learn more box fades on
learn more
4 Online materials
4.3 Web banners - Leader banner
28. 28
Box fades on Logo comes on with each stroke Learn more box fades on
brushing on individually
A child dies
every 2.5 minutes.
learn more
4 Online materials
4.3 Web banners - Skyscraper banner
29. 29
5 More ideas
Sanitation murals
These murals can be designed to use the local visual language
in order to raise awareness about open defecation. Give local
artists or illustrators a toilet, latrine, or other sanitation symbol
as a blank canvas. Let them illustrate the messages in your local
language in a positive light.
You could also use the murals in other ways;
• Start an art competition to find the best mural.
• Use the templates as a fun activity for school lessons.
• Bring the art to life and paint the sanitation equipment in and
around the community.
Celebrity silence
Ask celebrities to donate 10 secondas of silence. Ask them to
insert this silence in the middle of a live interview, acceptance
speech or public appearance. This moment of silence will serve
as a spotlight on the unspoken issue of open defecation, but also
a moment of thought and reflection on this issue.
Ask them to wear the logo on their hand when they’re on
camera. This could be a high profile way to start people asking
about the symbol and starting to understand
the campaign.
Toilet hut
Other powerful campaign ideas for you to consider:
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1 milliard de personnes n’ont pas d’autre
choix que de déféquer par terre dehors,
et à la vue d’autres personnes.
Senegal contre
More ideas
Adapting ad to your country
colours
Ultimately the choice of which templates to use and how you
use them is up to you, but we would recommend the following
when making your decision.
• If you are looking to raise awareness in a country where
open defecation is not practiced, please use the white
templates that use simple facts. Start by explaining the
scale of the problem and then use the other messages.
• If you are looking to raise awareness in a country where
open defecation is practiced, then please use the positive
messages and change the templates to the colours of your
national flag. Use all of the messages to show the different
sides of the issue.
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More ideas
Silent videos
You could build on the idea of silence and ask celebrities, key
decision makers and the public to donate their silence on social
media. An image or a 7 second video of them staring into the
camera. No cuts, no words, no sound at all. Encourage people
to use #opendefecation and www.opendefecation.org in their
post.
These "silent videos" could be shared on Instagram, YouTube,
Vine, and Facebook.
*Images for reference only
Donating silence for #opendefecation
32. Thank you
Need help? Contact us:
Amanda Marlin
Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (WSSCC)
amanda.marlin@wsscc.org
Amalia Navarro
UN Millennium Campaign
amalia.navarro@undp.org
Christian Clark
UN Department of Public Information
clark1@un.org
Created by Mother London for the UN