Open Access, Open Science, and Open Research discusses key concepts related to openness in research. It defines open access as making scientific literature and research outputs freely available. While open access focuses on publications, open science is broader and includes open research data, methods, experiments, and tools. The document advocates for greater open science practices in Nepal, where data sharing is currently limited, by encouraging individuals and funders to publish in open access journals, share research data, and support open science policies.

1. Open Access, Open Science,
and Open Research
Kshitiz Khanal
Researcher at Kathmandu Living Labs
Open Science Team Lead at Open Knowledge Nepal

2. What does OPEN mean?
• Anything that is freely and openly available.
• Open Ground. Any can enter for free.
• The ecosystem of Open. Open Data, Open Street Maps. Open Access.
Open Science. Open Knowledge.

3. What is free anyway?
• Free as in “free beer”, or free as in “Freedom”
• Facebook vs PHP

4. Open Access
• Open Access to Scientific Literature (published research output like
research paper, conference paper, theses)
• How it works now
• The Paywall Café

5. Open Access in Nepal
• All Nepali journals are free to access
• Can be found in http://nepjol.info
• Nepali authors prefer to submit to closed access journals with higher
impact factors

6. Open Science
• Open Science is broader than Open Access
• Encompasses Open Research Data, Methods, Experiments,
Instruments, Tools
• Science does not mean only natural science like mathematics, biology
but social science, economics etc.

7. Attribution: Petr Knoth and Nancy Pontika - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=50529549

8. Open Science and Research Data Sharing
practice in Nepal
• Practically nonexistent.
• Data sharing is discouraged. Culture, Data Quality

9. Why Open Research data?
• Data is the new oil.
- Clive Humby, UK Mathemetician and architect of Tesco’s Clubcard,
Data  Information  Knowledge  Wisdom
The best use of your data will be thought of by someone else.
- Rufus Pollock, cofounder of Open Knowledge International
Example: OSM in Nepal, Disaster Management

10. Call to action
• Nothing is only a domain nowadays. They make an ecosystem, where
everything influences every other thing.
• Data, Literature, Science, Software, Tools. All come together in
creation and diffusion of knowledge. Philosophy of openness is
shared.
• Practice. Every individual can make influence. By being an example.

11. • Publishing in Open Access journals
• Sharing research data
• Example: Air pollution data in Kathmandu, Data from Large Hadron
Collider
• Funders should encourage open science. (example: Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation, Shuttleworth Foundation)