Onwuegbuzie et al. (1999) examined foreign language anxiety as a predictor of foreign language achievement. They performed a multiple-regression analysis and included other predictor variables including academic achievement, perceived scholastic competence, and perceived self- worth. The beta for the predictor variable of perceived scholastic competence was positive and statistically significant. Why couldn’t you say that perceived scholastic competence improves foreign language achievement? a.There were some uncontrolled variables. b.The p values are not large enough. c.More variables should have been included in the multiple–regression analysis. d.The temporal precedence is not established and there may be another variable that accounts for the relationship. Solution a. Is a possibility but a vague explanation b. Is not true as beta is statistically significant c. Is a possible answer, but beta is statistically significant d. Seems most appropriate, as it accounts for the relationship being in either direction despite beta being positive..